LISTA DE CESTODA DO BRASIL

Se presenta una lista completa de las 432 especies de Cestoda que se han descrito y / o registrados en Brasil. Se distribuyen através de 15 órdenes y 36 familias; 50 especies no fueron identificadas y 9 se consideran species inquirenda. Entre los peces, Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821) fue el hospedador que fue más parasitadas (con 18 especies de cestodos); entre los anfibios, fue Rhinella icterica Spix, 1824, con 3 especies; y entre los reptiles, fue Bothrops jararaca (Wied-Neuwied, 1824), con 7 especies. Entre las aves, Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) presentó el mayor numero de asociaciones con cestodos, de tal manera que 13 especies se han registrado en Brasil y teniendo en cuenta los mamíferos, Homo sapiens (Linnaeus, 1758) presentan 13 especies diferentes. Pocos representantes de estas especies de cestode se reportaran de invertebrados. El pequeño número de los helmintos parásitos descritos es probablemente debido al submuestreo de hospedadores potenciales, junto con el pequeño número de expertos en la taxonomía de los parásitos

Resolving the Trophic Relations of Cryptic Species: An Example Using Stable Isotope Analysis of Dolphin Teeth

Understanding the foraging ecology and diet of animals can play a crucial role in conservation of a species. This is particularly true where species are cryptic and coexist in environments where observing feeding behaviour directly is difficult. Here we present the first information on the foraging ecology of a recently identified species of dolphin (Southern Australian bottlenose dolphin (SABD)) and comparisons to the common bottlenose dolphin (CBD) in Victoria, Australia, using stable isotope analysis of teeth. Stable isotope signatures differed significantly between SABD and CBD for both δ13C (−14.4‰ vs. −15.5‰ respectively) and δ15N (15.9‰ vs. 15.0‰ respectively), suggesting that the two species forage in different areas and consume different prey. This finding supports genetic and morphological data indicating that SABD are distinct from CBD. In Victoria, the SABD is divided into two distinct populations, one in the large drowned river system of Port Phillip Bay and the other in a series of coastal lakes and lagoons called the Gippsland Lakes. Within the SABD species, population differences were apparent. The Port Phillip Bay population displayed a significantly higher δ15N than the Gippsland Lakes population (17.0‰ vs. 15.5‰), suggesting that the Port Phillip Bay population may feed at a higher trophic level - a result which is supported by analysis of local food chains. Important future work is required to further understand the foraging ecology and diet of this newly described, endemic, and potentially endangered species of dolphin

A case of bigyny in the Hawk Owl Surnia ulula: spacing of nests and allocation of male feeding effort

Apparently the first known case of bigyny in the Hawk Owl was observed in the northboreal zone of SE Norway in 1984 . The distance between the primary and secondary nest was 1050 m, and the two females defended separate territories within the single territory of the male . The secondary female started egg laying approximately 26 days later, and laid one egg less than the primary one. The male fed his two females at the same rate until the primary clutch hatched. During the next two weeks the prey consumption rate of the primary nest was lower than the prey capture rate of the male, and the surplus was fedto thesecondary female . When this surplus decreased, the secondary female abandoned her clutch . However, she stayed in her territory and begged for food for another two weeks, but did not receive any, and did not renest. The primary brood was successfully raised to fledging

Nematode larvae infecting Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829 (Pisces: Teleostei) in Brazil

From July to December, 2013, thirty Priacanthus arenatus specimens commercialized in the cities of Niterói and Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, were acquired. The fish were necropsied and filleted to investigate the presence of nematode larvae. Twenty fish (66.7%) out of the total were parasitized by nematode larvae. A total of 2024 larvae were collected; among them, 30 third-instar larvae of Anisakis sp. showed prevalence (P) = 20%, mean abundance (MA) = 1, and the mean intensity (MI) = 5, and infection sites (IS) = caecum, stomach, liver, and mesentery; and 1,994 third-instar larvae (1,757 encysted and 237 free) of Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum with P = 66.7%, MA = 66.5, and MI = 99.7, and IS = spleen, caecum, stomach, liver, mesentery, and abdominal muscle. This is the first study to report H. deardorffoverstreetorum and Anisakis sp. larvae parasitizing P. arenatus