The Conception, Validation, and Reliability of the Questionnaire for Screen Time of Adolescents (QueST)

Purpose: This study analyzed the content validity and reliability of the Questionnaire for Screen Time of Adolescents (QueST). Methods: QueST measures screen time across five constructs: studying, working/internship-related activities, watching videos, playing video games, and using social media/chat applications. The content validity, including a pretest, was carried out by experts and adolescents. For reliability analysis, QueST was applied and reapplied after one week in a sample of 104 adolescents (16.3 ± 1.02 years; 66.3% girls). Results: The Content Validity Index for Scales indicated 94% and 98% of overall clarity and representativeness, respectively. The QueST was considered comprehensible and clear by adolescents. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.41 (95% CI 0.24, 0.56) for videos to 0.76 (95% CI 0.66, 0.83) for social media/chat applications on a weekday, and from 0.24 (95% CI 0.04; 0.41) for videos to 0.67 (95% CI 0.54; 0.77) for social media/chat applications on weekends. Conclusions: The QueST has demonstrated satisfactory content validity; however, measuring the time watching videos during free-living is a challenge for researchers. In general, the QueST is recommended to measure different screen time constructs

Efeito mediador do tempo de tela em uma intervenção de base escolar na duração do sono de escolares de Florianópolis, SC

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2019.O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar se o efeito de uma intervenção multicomponente na duração do sono de escolares é mediado pelo efeito da intervenção no tempo de uso de telas eletrônicas. Este estudo tratou de uma análise do Programa Movimente (2017) que foi um estudo de intervenção de base escolar randomizado e controlado realizado na cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Participaram seis escolas municipais da rede pública de ensino de dezoito elegíveis, sendo três no grupo intervenção e três no grupo controle. A intervenção envolveu três principais ações: (I) formação de professores de Educação Física e professores das demais disciplinas da grade escolar (encontro de formação presencial para a discussão e disseminação de conhecimentos sobre atividade física (AF), comportamento sedentário e saúde geral dos alunos, e proposição de atividades para serem realizadas com os alunos); (II) modificações no ambiente escolar (criação e revitalização de espaços na escola para a prática de AF e fornecimento de materiais esportivos); (III) ações educacionais (entrega de folders e cartazes contendo mensagens sobre saúde). As coletas de dados da linha de base e do pós-intervenção foram realizadas em março de 2017 e dezembro de 2017, respectivamente. A duração do sono (em horas) em dias semanais e no final de semana; o tempo (em horas) de uso de televisão; de computador/videogame para jogar; de celular; e de computador sem ser para jogar em dias semanais e no final de semana, assim como as informações de sexo e idade foram mensuradas por questionário padronizado preenchido pelos adolescentes. Foram geradas variáveis de delta de duração do sono (desfecho) e do tempo de uso das telas (mediadoras) em dias da semana e no fim de semana pelo cálculo da diferença entre pós-intervenção e linha de base, ajustadas pela linha de base. A fim de verificar o fenômeno de mediação, foi utilizada a abordagem clássica da análise de mediação simples por regressões lineares para a estimação dos efeitos total, direto e indireto através dos coeficientes. Turno escolar, sexo e idade foram covariáveis nas regressões. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado através do eta-quadrado parcial (?2p). No total, 597 alunos participaram do presente estudo (média de idade: 13,0±1,0 anos; 351 alunos no grupo intervenção e 246 alunos no grupo controle). Na linha de base, os adolescentes do estudo dormiam pouco menos de 8 horas em média nos dias da semana (grupo intervenção: 7,7±1,5 h/dia; grupo controle: 7,6±1,7 h/dia). A intervenção do programa Movimente não teve efeito na duração do sono dos adolescentes em dias da semana e final de semana. As variáveis mediadoras (tempo de uso de televisão; computador/videogame para jogar; celular; e computador sem ser para jogar) também não sofreram efeito da intervenção no presente estudo. Não houve efeito mediado pelo tempo de tela na relação entre a intervenção e a duração do sono dos adolescentes em dias da semana e final de semana.Abstract : The objective of the present study was to analyze whether the effect of a multicomponent intervention on sleep duration is mediated by the intervention effect on the time of use of electronic devices. This study refers to an analysis of The Movimente Program (2017) which was a school-based cluster randomized controlled trial carried out in Florianópolis city, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Six municipal public schools from eighteen eligible participated in The Movimente Program, three in the intervention group and three in the control group. The intervention involved three main actions: (I) teachers training: Physical Education teachers and teachers of the other disciplines of the scholar program (face-to-face training meeting to discuss and disseminate knowledge about physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior and general health of the students, as well as to propose activities for being done with the students); (II) changes in the school environment (creating and revitalizing spaces in the school for PA practicing and providing sports equipment); (III) education actions (distribution of folders and banners containing health messages). Baseline data were collected on March 2017, and post-intervention data were collected on December 2017. Sleep duration (hours) on weekdays and weekends; television time (hours); computer/videogame for playing time (hours); cell phone time (hours); and computer time (not for playing) (hours) on weekdays and weekends, as well as gender and age information were all measured by standardized questionnaire answered by the adolescents. Delta variables of sleep duration (outcome) and screen time use (possible mediators) were generated for weekdays and weekends through the calculation of the difference between post-intervention and baseline measurements, adjusted for baseline measurement. To verifying the phenomenon of mediation, the simple mediation analysis approach through linear regressions was used for estimating the total effects, direct effects and indirect effects using the coefficients. School start time, gender and age were covariables in the regressions. Effect size was calculated by partial eta-squared (?2p). Overall, 597 students participated in the present study (mean age: 13,0±1,0 years old; 351 students in the intervention group, and 246 students in the control group). At baseline, students from the study slept a little less than 8 hours, on average, on weekdays (intervention group: 7,7±1,5 h/day; control group: 7,6±1,7 h/day). The intervention of The Movimente Program did not show any effect on sleep duration of the adolescents on weekdays and weekends. The possible mediating variables (television time; computer/videogame for playing time; cell phone time; and computer time (not for playing)) also were not influenced by the intervention in the present study. There was not a mediated effect by screen time in the relationship between the intervention and sleep duration of the adolescents on weekdays and weekends

Physical aggression among adolescents from Santa Catarina: association with sociodemographic factors and physical activity

The aims of the present study were to evaluate possible gender differences in the prevalence of physical aggression among adolescents, and to examine the association between sociodemographic factors and physical activity participation with physical aggression in boys and girls. The sample was composed of 6,529 high school students (aged 15-19 years) from public schools of the state of Santa Catarina. A questionnaire was applied to collect data regarding sociodemographic factors, involvement in physical aggressions and types of physical activity. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were performed. Boys reported more involvement in physical aggression episodes (36.9%) compared to girls (26.0%, p<0.05). Boys who lived in urban areas (OR: 1.45) and did not live with the family (OR: 2.22), as well as girls enrolled in the night shift were more likely to engage in fights (OR: 1.26). Adolescents aged 17-19 years had reduced chances of getting involved in fights (OR Boys: 0.66; OR Girls: 0.80) compared to younger ones. The practice of team sports among boys (OR: 1.56) and the combined practice of team sports and individual physical activities among boys (OR: 1.91) and girls (OR: 1.36) were associated with physical aggressions. It was concluded that boys were more likely to engage in fights, mainly younger boys, who did not live with family and lived in urban areas. In boys and girls, the involvement in physical aggression was greater among those who are engaged in team sports

How to improve active mobility in São Paulo? Survey with leaders of non-governmental organizations and public and private decision-makers

This study aimed to describe a quantitative survey conducted with leaders to investigate effective and feasible actions that can be evaluated in computational models to inform policies to promote active mobility based in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2022, an online survey was conducted during the Health Survey in São Paulo (Physical Activity and Environment study), which is monitored by representatives of nongovernmental organizations and public and private sector managers. A questionnaire was elaborated with three questions with 13 alternative answers about actions to promote walking and/or cycling. Leaders should select up to three alternatives based on their potential regarding: (1) effectiveness; (2) feasibility or ease of implementation; and (3) desire to verify tests in computational models to inform policies. The survey was answered by 18 leaders from 16 institutions, comprising 13 (72%) women and 12 (67%) representatives of the third sector, whose average age was 48 years and all had complete higher education. Reducing the speed of motor vehicles was the most cited option in all three questions. Other actions mentioned refer to controlling the traffic of vehicles in central areas, improving pedestrian safety, reducing the distances between homes and places of employment, conducting educational campaigns, and expanding and enhancing structures such as bicycle lanes and sidewalks. The results are relevant to support evidence-based decision-making in public management and to provide subsidies for the development of computational models with a view to promoting active mobility.<br/

How to improve active mobility in São Paulo, Brazil? Survey with leaders of nongovernmental organizations and public and private sector managers

This study aimed to describe a quantitative survey conducted with leaders to investigate effective and feasible actions that can be evaluated in computational models to inform policies to promote active mobility based in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2022, an online survey was conducted during the Health Survey in São Paulo (Physical Activity and Environment study), which is monitored by representatives of nongovernmental organizations and public and private sector managers. A questionnaire was elaborated with three questions with 13 alternative answers about actions to promote walking and/or cycling. Leaders should select up to three alternatives based on their potential regarding: (1) effectiveness; (2) feasibility or ease of implementation; and (3) desire to verify tests in computational models to inform policies. The survey was answered by 18 leaders from 16 institutions, comprising 13 (72%) women and 12 (67%) representatives of the third sector, whose average age was 48 years and all had complete higher education. Reducing the speed of motor vehicles was the most cited option in all three questions. Other actions mentioned refer to controlling the traffic of vehicles in central areas, improving pedestrian safety, reducing the distances between homes and places of employment, conducting educational campaigns, and expanding and enhancing structures such as bicycle lanes and sidewalks. The results are relevant to support evidence-based decision-making in public management and to provide subsidies for the development of computational models with a view to promoting active mobility.<br/

Physical aggression among adolescents from Santa Catarina: association with sociodemographic factors and physical activity

<div><p>Abstract The aims of the present study were to evaluate possible gender differences in the prevalence of physical aggression among adolescents, and to examine the association between sociodemographic factors and physical activity participation with physical aggression in boys and girls. The sample was composed of 6,529 high school students (aged 15-19 years) from public schools of the state of Santa Catarina. A questionnaire was applied to collect data regarding sociodemographic factors, involvement in physical aggressions and types of physical activity. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were performed. Boys reported more involvement in physical aggression episodes (36.9%) compared to girls (26.0%, p<0.05). Boys who lived in urban areas (OR: 1.45) and did not live with the family (OR: 2.22), as well as girls enrolled in the night shift were more likely to engage in fights (OR: 1.26). Adolescents aged 17-19 years had reduced chances of getting involved in fights (ORBoys: 0.66; ORGirls: 0.80) compared to younger ones. The practice of team sports among boys (OR: 1.56) and the combined practice of team sports and individual physical activities among boys (OR: 1.91) and girls (OR: 1.36) were associated with physical aggressions. It was concluded that boys were more likely to engage in fights, mainly younger boys, who did not live with family and lived in urban areas. In boys and girls, the involvement in physical aggression was greater among those who are engaged in team sports.</p></div