The Development of Self Structures and Active Coping

In addition to cope with usual stressful circumstances at work, nowadays, it is important to examine what kind of mental capacities of medical staff are adaptive in respect of a new type of stress – job insecurity. Special focus is put upon self structures as personality determinants and the role they have in coping.. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the self structures in active coping with job insecurity. It was supposed that the increasing integration of self structures leads to increasing use of active coping strategies. Perceived job insecurity was measured by The job insecurity perception scale (Knežević and Majstorović, 2013). The Ego Functioning Questionnaire (Majstorović, Legault and Green-Demers, 2008) was used to evaluate types of ego-functioning; coping were assessed by the Cybernetic coping scale (Edwards and Baglioni, 1993). In order to test the hypothesis the multivariate regression analysis was developed with self-regulation as predictor and active coping strategy as a criterion. A significant model F(3, 306) = 26,73, p < 0,001, was obtained with all the predictors selected as significant. The prediction directions were as expected - Integrated and Ego-investing self were positive predictors (β = 0,35, p < 0,001, and β = 0,16, p < 0,01, respectively), while the impersonal self singled out as a negative predictor (β = –0,13, p < 0,05). The results have shown that the development of self structures is valid predictor for the active coping of medical staff when facing with job insecurity

Uloga osnovnih psiholoških potreba u percepciji nesigurnosti posla

The aim of this study was to investigate whether satisfied basic psychological needs reduce the perception of threat generated by job insecurity, defined as self-assessment of the availability of the working role to its performers in the foreseeable future. The study included 310 participants employed in 24 companies, who completed the Perception of Job Insecurity Scale and Need Satisfaction Scale. The hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analyses. The results point to the importance of two basic needs – Autonomy and Competence – as factors that reduce the level of perceived job insecurity. This study broadens the understanding of personality resources as factors that moderate the perception of job insecurity and confirms the self-determination theory in the organisational context. Satisfying the needs for autonomy and competence can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at strengthening resilience to stress in employees.Cilj ovoga istraživanja je bio ispitati smanjuju li zadovoljene psihološke potrebe percepciju prijetnje koja proizlazi iz nesigurnosti zaposlenja, koje je određeno samoprocjenom dostupnosti radne uloge u budućnosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 310 zaposlenika u 24 tvrtke, koji su popunjavali Ljestvicu percepcije nesigurnosti posla i Ljestvicu zadovoljenosti potreba. Hipoteze su provjeravane višestrukim regresijskim analizama. Rezultati su pokazali značaj dviju osnovnih potreba – autonomije i kompetentnosti – kao čimbenika koji smanjuju razinu opažene nesigurnosti posla. Proširujući razumijevanje resursa ličnosti kao čimbenika koji moderiraju percepciju nesigurnosti posla, ovo istraživanje predstavlja primjenu teorije samodeterminacije u organizacijskom kontekstu. Zadovoljenje potreba za autonomijom i kompetencijom može poslužiti kao osnova za intervencije čiji je cilj jačanje otpornosti na stres u zaposlenih osoba

Uloga bazičnih psiholoških potreba i samoregulacije u prevladavanju percepcije nestabilnosti zaposlenja

Oblast rada i radnog angažovanja značajno se menja poslednjih decenija; promene se vide u povećanoj nezaposlenosti, promenljivim radnim okolnostima i povećanoj nestabilnosti posla, intenzivnijem stresu kod zaposlenih i novim izvorima stresa na radu (Sverke et al., 2004; De Cuyper, Bernhard-Oettel, Berntson, De Witte, & Alarco, 2008). Burke (1998) ukazuje da je percepcija povećane nestabilnosti zaposlenja funkcija nezaposlenosti i velike zastupljenosti ugovora o radnom angažovanju na određeno vreme u svim granama industrije i mnogim zanimanjima. Neizvesnost i nekontrolišuća priroda samog događaja nestabilnosti zaposlenja potenciraju subjektivni doživljaj pretnje, dok je individualna spremnost da se percipira i odgovori na pretnju (prag pretnje) uslovljena različitim situacionim i individualnim faktorima. S obzirom na potvrđenu ulogu bazičnih psiholoških potreba i struktura selfa u percepciji stresa (pretnje), vrednovanju stresa i odgovoru na stres u različitim životnim domenima (Skiner & Edge, 2002; Hodgins & Knee, 2002; Hodgins, 2008), pred istraživanje je postavljeno sledeće pitanje: kakva je povezanost zadovoljenosti bazičnih psiholoških potreba na radu i stila samoregulacije svakodnevnog ponašanja sa nivoom pretnje u percepciji nestabilnog zaposlenja? Da bi se dao odgovor na ovo pitanje sprovedeno je istraživanje na uzorku od 310 zaposlenih oba pola, iz 24 organizacije različite po veličini, profilu, strukturi i karakteru vlasništva iz Severno-bačkog okruga AP Vojvodine. Konstrukt percepcije nestabilnosti zaposlenja je smešten u okvire teorije samodeterminacije (Self – Determination Theory), koju su razvili Disi i Rajan sa saradnicima (Deci & Ryan, 1985), prema kojoj nestabilnost zaposlenja predstavlja frustraciju osnovnih psiholoških potreba (Vander Elst, Van den Broeck, De Witte & De Cuyper, 2012). Koncept prevladavanja smešten je u okvire kibernetske teorije stresa i prevladavanja koju je formulisao Edvards (Edwards, 1992) u okviru koje se prevladavanje konceptualizuje kao pokušaj da se smanje i eliminišu negativni efekti stresa na psihološku dobrobit pojedinca. Percepcija nestabilnosti zaposlenja određena je kao dostupnost radne uloge za izvršioce u neko dogledno vreme, a čine je tri kvalitativno različite dimenzije: osećaj nemoći, jačina pretnje i verovatnoća gubitka posla. U istraživanju su korišćeni sledeći instrumenti: Skala percepcije nestabilnosti zaposlenja (Knežević i Majstorović, 2013), Kibernetska skala prevladavanja (Cybernetic coping scale; Edwards & Baglioni, 1993), Upitnik EFQ (The Ego Functioning Questionnaire; Majstorović, Green-Demers & Legault 2008), i Skala zadovoljenosti bazičnih psiholoških potreba na radu (Mladenović, 2009). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da bazične psihološke potrebe ostvaruju moderatorski efekat na proces stresa koji je nastao usled nestabilnosti zaposlenja, moderirajući afektivni aspekt ovog doživljaja: sa povećanjem zadovoljenosti bazičnih psiholoških potreba snižava se nivo pretnje unutar percepcije nestabilnosti zaposlenja i smanjuje osećaj nemoći zaposlenog u odnosu na pretnju. U predikciji afektivnog doživljaja pretnje izdvajaju se dve potrebe - potreba za autonomijom i kompetencijom. Zadovoljenost ove dve potrebe utiče i na aktivniji odnos prema stresnom događaju kakav je nestabilnost zaposlenja, odnosno, povećava upotrebu strategije promena situacije. Nivo zadovoljenosti bazičnih psiholoških potreba povezan je sa kvalitetom samoregulatornih procesa - zadovoljenost potreba podstiče razvoj integrisanih self - struktura, dok, nezadovoljenost bazičnih potreba potencira razvoj impersonalnih self - struktura. Naglašena vulnerabilnost u situaciji nestabilnosti zaposlenja utvrđena je samo kod zaposlenih koji imaju prethodno iskustvo gubitka posla, zaposlenih koji su slabijeg materijalnog stanja, zaposlenih koji imaju manju socijalnu podršku i zaposlenih koji su nižeg nivoa obrazovanja. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je kvalitet samo-regulacije povezan sa nivoom pretnje u percepciji nestabilnog zaposlenja: sa povećanjem integrisanosti samoregulacije smanjuje se doživljaj jačine pretnje, dok upotreba impersonalne samoregulacije povećava i doživljaj jačine pretnje i osećaj nemoći pred pretnjom. Takođe, povećana integrisanosti samoregulacije podstiče aktivan odnos prema stresu u situaciji nestabilnosti zaposlenja sa intencijom uspostavljanja kontrole nad situacijom. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju osnovu za kreiranje organizacijskih intervencija usmerenih ka jačanju otpornosti prema stresu izazvanog percepcijom nestabilnosti zaposlenja i povećavaju uvid u specifičnosti radnog konteksta i fenomena nestabilnosti zaposlenja u Srbiji. Realizovano istraživanje je prvo istraživanje o percepciji nestabilnosti zaposlenja u Srbiji i kao takvo ono može imati značajne implikacije na teoriju i praksu istraživanja organizacijskog stresa i blagostanja zaposlenih u Srbiji. Ograničenja se tiču, pre svega, karakteristika transferzalnog istraživačkog nacrta, kao i činjenice da su sve varijable merene iz istog izvora - samoprocene zaposlenih. Buduća istraživanja bi trebalo da  uključe nove varijable kako bi se još bolje razumele interindividualne razlike u doživljaju nestabilnosti zaposlenja i mehanizmi koji leže u osnovi ovog fenomena (varijable ličnosti i druge motivacione varijable)

Тreatment outcome factors in heroin addicts treated with naltrexone and naltrexonebehavioral psychotherapy

Uprkos značaju, studije koje ispituju faktore ishoda lečenja heroinskih zavisnika su relativno retke. Cilj ove studije je bio da se utvrde suportivni faktori za apstinenciju i faktori rizika za recidivizam kako bi se predvideo ishod lečenja heroinske zavisnosti. U kliničkoj eksperimentalnoj i eksplorativnoj studiji izučavane su dve grupe heroinskih zavisnika koje su prošle iste terapijske procedure sa različitim ishodom (133 apstinenta i 56 recidivista). Korišćen je nestandardizovan upitnik koji ispituje sledeće oblasti: (a) istoriju zavisnosti, (b) motivaciju za lečenje, (v) roditeljske stavove i kontrolu, (g) zadovoljstvo poslom, (d) socijalne i emotivne veze (đ) alternativna zadovoljstva, (e) korišćenje drugih supstanci tokom lečenja, (ž) vrste terapije. Hi kvadrat analiza izdvojila je posebne faktore od značaja dok je binarna logistička regresija pružila model sadejstva specifičnih faktora koji određuju formulu održanja apstinencije. Razvijena su dva matematička modela. Prvi model, „marker apstinencije“, predstavlja sadejstvo faktora kao što su: korišćenje tramadola kao supstituta heroinu pre početka lečenja (p = 0,011), nekorišćenje hipnosedativa (p = 0,001), duže korišćenje naltreksona (p < 0,0005), nekorišćenje marihuane (p=0,002), bavljenje sportom (p = 0,009), zaposlenost i zadovoljstvo poslom (p =0,009). Drugi model definiše „marker za recidivizam“ kroz sinergiju faktora kao što su: nekorišćenje tramadola pre početka lečenja (p < 0,0005), nepostojanje doživljaja gubitka kontrole nad ponašanjem kao motiv za početak lečenja (p=0,048), korišćenje benzodiazepina (p < 0,0005), kockanje (p = 0,009), mlađa životna dob zavisnika (p = 0,012) i izričit zahtev roditelja kao motiv za lečenje (p = 0,040). Studija pronalazi dva matematička modela od kojih jedan predviđa višegodišnju apstinenciju, a drugi recidivizam kao ishod lečenja zavisnika od heroina.Despite the importance, studies evaluating treatment outcome factors in heroin addiction are relatively rare. This study aims to determine factors predictive for sustained abstinence or relapse as possible outcomes of a heroin addiction treatment. In this clinical experimental and explorative study, we evaluated two groups of heroin addicts that underwent the same therapeutic procedures with different outcomes, specifically 133 abstainers and 56 relapsers We used a non-standardized questionnaire that evaluates the following areas: (a) addiction history, (b) motivation for treatment, (c) parental attitudes and control, (d) job satisfaction, (e) social and emotional relationships, (f) alternative satisfactions, (g) concurrent use of substances other than naltrexone in treatment, (h) type of therapy. The chi square analysis identified factors of significance, while the binary logistic regression provided a model of synergy of specific factors that shape the formula for maintaining abstinence. We have developed two mathematical models. The first model, ‘abstinence marker’, is defined as the synergistic effect of the following factors: pre-treatment use of tramadol as a heroin substitute (p = 0.011) b) non-use of hypno- sedatives (p = 0.001), prolonged naltrexone use (p < 0.0005), non-use of marijuana (p=0.002), exercising (p = 0.009), employment and job satisfaction (p =0.009). The second model defines a ‘relapse marker’ through the synergistic effect of the following factors: a) non-use of tramadol before treatment (p < 0.0005), b) absence of the sense of a loss of control over behavior as a motive for treatment initiation (p = 0.048), c) benzodiazepine use (p < 0.0005), gambling (p = 0.009), e) younger age of addicts (p = 0.012), and f) explicit parental demand as a treatment motive (p = 0.040). The study found two mathematical models one of which predicts multiannual abstinence, while the other predicts relapse as possible outcome of heroin addiction treatment

Analysis of risk factors in the development of retinopathy of prematurity

Introduction. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disease that occurs most frequently in very small and very sick preterm infants, and it has been identified as the major cause of childhood blindness. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate ROP incidence and risk factors associated with varying degrees of illness. Methods. The study was conducted at the Centre for Neonatology, Paediatric Clinic of the Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Serbia, in the period from June 2006 to December 2008. Ophthalmologic screening was performed in all children with body weight lower than 2000 g or gestational age lower than 36 weeks. We analyzed eighteen postnatal and six perinatal risk factors and the group correlations for each of the risk factors. Results. Out of 317 children that were screened, 56 (17.7%) developed a mild form of ROP, while 68 (21.5%) developed a severe form. Univariate analysis revealed a large number of statistically significant risk factors for the development of ROP, especially the severe form. Multivariate logistical analysis further separated two independent risk factors: small birth weight (p=0.001) and damage of central nervous system (p=0.01). Independent risk factors for transition from mild to severe forms of ROP were identified as: small birth weight (p=0.05) and perinatal risk factors (p=0.02). Conclusion. Small birth weight and central nervous system damage were risk factors for the development of ROP, perinatal risk factors were identified as significant for transition from mild to severe form of ROP

The Public Library “Bora Stanković” in Vranje and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Prethodne godine obeležene su izazovima nametnutim pandemijom kovid-19 i epidemiološkim merama koje su znatno otežavale regularno funkcionisanje svih segmenata našeg života i rada. Kako bi se ograničio prenos virusa i sačuvalo zdravlje ljudi, biblioteke širom sveta zatvorile su svoja vrata. Ono što se nije zaustavilo i ugasilo jeste pronalaženje načina da se sačuvaju korisnici i pružanje ključnih usluga nastavi. Bibliotekari su pojačali svoje aktivnosti i usredsredili se na svoju suštinsku ulogu dasluže javnosti, ponašajući se odgovorno i pojačavajući svoju nepokolebljivu posvećenost da, više nego ikada, korisnicima omoguće infrastrukturu za otvoreni pristup informacijama, kolekcijama i ispune nove zahteve svoje zajednice. Cilj rada je da se sagleda položaj i funkcionisanje javnih biblioteka tokom pandemije koronavirusa, sa posebnim naglaskom na aktivnosti Biblioteke “Bora Stanković” u Vranju. Vranjski bibliotekari su se izborili sa novonastalim izazovima i, uprkos nezavidnoj situaciji, prilagodili svoje programe “novoj normalnosti”, nastavili da pružaju svoje usluge i uspešno realizovali niz sadržaja, među kojima je svakako najznačajnije održavanje konferencije Biblionet 2020. u našem gradu.The previous year was marked by the challenges imposed by the covid-19 pandemic and epidemiological measures that significantly hindered the regular functioning of all segments of our life and work. Libraries around the world have closed their doors to limit virus transmission and preserve human health. What hasn’t stopped and shut down is finding ways to preserve users and provide key services. Librarians have strengthened and focused on their essential role of serving the public, acting responsibly and reinforcing their unwavering commitment to, more than ever, providing users with the infrastructure to openly access information, collections, and meet the new demands of their community. The aim of this paper is to look at the position and functioning of public libraries during the coronavirus pandemic, with special emphasis on the activities of the “Bora Stanković” Library in Vranje. Vranje librarians overcame the new challenges and, despite the unenviable situation, adjusted their programs to the “new normality”, continued to provide their services, and successfully implemented content, among which the most important is certainly the implementation of the Biblionet 2020 in our city

Vegetable by-products in the European food legislative framework

Vegetable by-products are a source of many useful bioactive compounds, dietary fiber, fatty acids and proteins that have a great potential in the development of new food products and the promotion of the circular economy and sustainability. Considering processed pepper by-products as an example, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of EU food legislation that should be taken into account before placing such products on the market, as well as of the voluntary labeling of functional, nutritional and sustainability benefits important for consumers

Use of ANN model in economies

In this paper, the authors made their contribution by constructing a model for the forecast of average annual net earnings in the EU countries. The model is based on the artificial neural network (ANN) use and for the needs of its creation the authors have presented their proposal for a model entry – economic variables that determine earnings. Generally, implementing an economic policy aimed at preventing stagnation of earnings levels can be achieved by running a sustainable earnings policy and our model can be used as an acceptable tool in the function of keeping that policy

Fenotipska varijabilnost mase primarnog klasa pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.)

The development of new cultivars with high yield, better quality and high adaptability to different environmental conditions is a permanent task in wheat breeding programmes. Genetic variability of parent for hybridization is a main focus in the improvement of the developed cultivars. In order to improve different traits it is necessary to conduct a special selection of parents after the analysis of expression of certain traits. The primary spike weight was analysed in 20 genetic divergent wheat cultivars originating from various breeding centres of Serbia. Cultivars were grown in two years which were characterised with different climatic conditions. The average weight of primary spikes for both years of growing varied from 3.00 g in the cultivar Zadruga to 4.23 g in the cultivar Gruža. The value of the coefficient of variation ranged from 12.42% in Tanjugovka to 18.46% Orašanka cultivars. The effect of genetic and environmental factors and their interaction was highly significant. The largest impact of the year, i.e. the cultivar with 38.6%, i.e. 32.2% of variance, respectively was established for the expression of the spike weight in analysed wheat cultivars. Prospective cultivars, such as Gruža, Kremna, KG-75 and Tanjugovka, to be used in the breeding process are those that have expressed stable spike weights under different climatic conditions with high average values. .U radu je izučavana varijabilnost mase primarnog klasa 20 genetički divergentnih sorti pšenice stvorenih u različitim selekcionim centrima u Srbiji. Istraživanja su sprovedena u toku dve godine u kojima je ispoljena različitost ovog svojstva kod ispitivanih sorti pšenice. Masa klasa iste sorte je varirala zavisno od godine. Prosečna masa primarnog klasa, u toku dve godine, varirala je od 3,00 g kod sorte zadruga, do 4,23 g kod sorte gruža. Vrednost koeficijenta varijacije kretala se od 12,42% kod tanjugovke do 18,46% sorte orašanka. Efekat genetičkih faktora i spoljne sredine, kao i njihove interakcije bio je visoko značajan. U ukupnoj varijansi za masu klasa,je ustanovljeno najveće učešće varijanse godine sa 38,6% a zatim varijanse sorte sa 32,2%.

Primena kukuruzne prekrupe pri siliranju lucerke, ježevice i njihove smeše

One of the solutions for the economical use of alfalfa and cocksfoot is making the silage. However, these plant species are difficult to be conserved without appropriate additives. The aim of this study was to determine the impact addition of cornmeal on the quality of silage of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv. Kruševačka 22, cocksfoot (Dactilys glomerata L.) cv. Kruševačka 40 and their mixture (50% alfalfa, 50% cocksfoot). Mowing both species was carried out at the stage when 1/3 to 1/5 of the plants were in flowering in alfalfa or in stage appearance of inflorescence with cocksfoot. Corn grain is ground at the mill with a sieve ø 2 mm, then mixed with chopped fodder of alfalfa, cocksfoot and the mixture in the following amount: 6% (treatment A2), 3% (treatment A1), and without cornmeal addition (control A0). After six months was determined silage quality. Cornmeal addition, according to the basic indicators of the quality of silage had a significant impact on changing the quality silage of alfalfa, cocksfoot and their mixtures. It is evident that the addition cornmeal addition a significant impact on increasing the energy value (primarily the content inside BEM) of silage in all studied treatments.Jedno od rešenja za ekonomično korišćenje lucerke i ježevice je spravljanje silaže. Međutim ove biljne vrste se teško mogu konzervisati bez odgovarajućih dodataka. Cilj ovih ispitivanja bio je određivanje uticaja kukuruzne prekrupe na kvalitet silaže od lucerke, ježevice i njihove smeše (50% lucerka, 50% ježevica). Ispitivanje je sprovedeno na krmi: lucerke (Medicago sativa L.) sorte Kruševačka 22, ježevice (Dactilys glomerata L.) sorte Kruševačka 40 i njihove smeše (50% lucerka i 50% ježevica). Košenje obe vrste obavljeno je u fazi kada je 1/3 do 1/5 biljaka bilo u cvetu kod lucerke odnosno u klasanju kod ježevice. Kukuruzno zrno je mleveno na mlinu sa sitima ø 2 mm, zatim je mešano sa seckanom krmom lucerke, ježevice i smeše u količini: 6% (tretman A2), 3% (tretman A1), i bez prekrupe (kontrola A0). Nakon šest meseci utvrđen je kvalitet silaže. Dodatak kukuruzne prekrupe je prema osnovnim pokazateljima kvaliteta silaža imao značajan uticaj na promenu kvaliteta silaže lucerke ježevice i smeše. Evidentno je da dodavanje kukuruzne prekrupe značajno utiče na povećanje energetske vrednosti (pre svega sadržaja BEM) u silaži svih ispitivanih vrsta