7 research outputs found
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Misperception of body image in males and its relationship to self-concept and romantic relationships.
Thesis (M.S.
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The construct of body image and its relationship to minor life events and mood in men and women
Historically, research on the construct of body image has focused on its stability. Many researchers are beginning to reexamine whether the body image construct is stable, and they have shown that the construct is subject to change after experimentally induced situations and after major life events. This study attempted to determine whether minor life events and mood had a significant relationship to body image ratings and whether a change in minor life events and mood over the course of one month would predict body image ratings. For men, it was found that minor life events were not significantly related to body image ratings, though higher mood scores were significantly related to lower ratings of physical appearance. For women, a greater number of positive minor life events was significantly related to engaging in more behaviors to keep oneself physically attractive, and higher mood scores were significantly related to lower ratings of physical appearance. For men, changes in minor life events or mood over the course of one month did not predict change in body image ratings. For women, an increase in positive minor life events predicted an increase in behaviors associated with keeping oneself physically attractive. A post-hoc analysis was conducted to determine whether individuals whose mood worsened over the course of one month would show greater changes in body image ratings. However, this post-hoc hypothesis was not supported. The main hypotheses were reanalyzed with the subsample stratified into younger and older adult men and women. Though the sample size was small, there appeared to be differences between older and younger adults, with younger adults more susceptible to body image fluctuations than older adults. In the overall sample, body image ratings changed little over the course of one month, though this discovery fits well within an overall personality contruct model proposed by Mischel (1968). Effect sizes for this study were small, and the sample size was too small to confidently find significant relationships or make predictions. Other limitations of this study as well as future directions in research are discussed
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Developing an HIV-Prevention Intervention for HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men in HIV Care: Project Enhance
Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent the largest group with HIV in the U.S. (CDC 2005). Interventions for prevention with HIV-infected MSM are urgently needed, and integrating prevention into HIV care represents one opportunity for this advancement. This article describes the development and results of initial pilot testing of a behavioral intervention to reduce HIV sexual risk transmission behavior for HIV-infected MSM that is integrated into HIV care. To illustrate our intervention development process, we describe the setting and population (HIV-infected MSM patients at Fenway Community Health in Boston) for the project, the initial conceptualization of the project including its guiding conceptual model (information, motivation, and behavioral skills model, IMB: Fisher and Fischer 1993), the iterative process of attaining and integrating input from stakeholders, the use of peer interventionists, the open phase pilot and participant input, an overview of the intervention content, and, finally, lessons learned. The result of this process is an example of an intervention developed with strong input from the community and other stakeholders, which is ready for further testing in a randomized controlled trial
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Implementing Peer-Based Interventions in Clinic-Based Settings: Lessons from a Multi-Site HIV Prevention with Positives Initiative
Interventions for people with HIV/AIDS became a national priority in 2003. While the importance of involving HIV-positive people in the design, delivery, and evaluation of prevention programs is widely recognized, information about how to implement peer-based services in clinic settings is sparse. The four projects described in this article implemented peer-based interventions as part of larger, multi-site Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) initiative. Common themes reported by Project Directors/Evaluators describe the challenges and benefits of peer-based interventions across these programs, including infrastructural, clinical and research-related issues. We also discuss the benefits to Peers, researchers, and the clinics sites
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adherence and Depression (CBT-AD) in Type 2 Diabetes
Depression is one of the most common psychological problems among individuals diabetes, and it is associated with worse treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. As part of a program of treatment research aimed at integrating interventions for depression and treatment nonadherence, five depressed patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes were treated with 10-12 sessions of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in a case-series design. The intervention was delivered in a hospital setting by a collaborative team consisting of a psychologist, a nurse educator, and a dietitian. Post-treatment, all participants demonstrated a decrease in depression severity and demonstrated improvements in diabetes self-care. Four of the five demonstrated improved glycemic control. These preliminary results provide evidence for the acceptability, feasibility, and potential utility of CBT-AD for patients with type 2 diabetes and depression
Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy for Adherence and Depression (CBT-AD) in Type 2 Diabetes
Depression is one of the most common psychological problems among individuals diabetes, and it is associated with worse treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. As part of a program of treatment research aimed at integrating interventions for depression and treatment nonadherence, five depressed patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes were treated with 10-12 sessions of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in a case-series design. The intervention was delivered in a hospital setting by a collaborative team consisting of a psychologist, a nurse educator, and a dietitian. Post-treatment, all participants demonstrated a decrease in depression severity and demonstrated improvements in diabetes self-care. Four of the five demonstrated improved glycemic control. These preliminary results provide evidence for the acceptability, feasibility, and potential utility of CBT-AD for patients with type 2 diabetes and depression