Principais irregularidades identificadas pela vigilância sanitária em açougues localizados no município de Nilópolis, Rio de Janeiro

Este levantamento de dados teve como objetivo identificar as principais irregularidades ocorridas em açougues localizados no município de Nilópolis, Rio de Janeiro para reconhecer o papel do médico veterinário na atuação da vigilância sanitária. O levantamento demonstrou a situação do comércio de carnes e suas principais irregularidades no ano de 2019. Foi também demonstrado quais mecanismos à administração municipal utiliza para manter a sanidade e como tais ações se transferem para o encargo da vigilância sanitária e do médico veterinário, tendo sido relatado com embasamento legal a atuação do profissional de saúde animal neste campo e como os aspectos econômicos e sociais estão atrelados ao consumo da carne e sua venda, que posteriormente serão fiscalizados e caso necessário regulamentados pela atuação do agente de saúde pública. Os dados da resenha aqui apresentada foram concedidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e também pela Secretaria Municipal de Fazenda e levantados na plataforma REGIN utilizando a base de dados da junta comercial do estado do Rio de Janeiro (2020). São apresentados dados que demonstram os estabelecimentos cadastrados por categorias e sua média de óbice, assim como as principais categorias onde tais óbices ocorreram e como eles implicam da legislação vigente no ano de 2019. É importante salientar também a demonstração dos dias para resolução de tais erros e a porcentagem de aderimento por parte do empreendedor, onde foi possível observar que houve avanços significativos visto que, de todos os problemas relatados os mais impactantes foram os referentes a manipulação de alimentos de maneira incorreta e falta de organização ou limpeza nos estoques. Após análises dos dados, foi possível observar que a profilaxia e a inspeção são os melhores caminhos para o desempenho de qualidade e que o trabalho da vigilância sanitária é fundamental para a manutenção da saúde pública. É válido demonstrar também a grande importância do médico veterinário na fiscalização municipal em prol da saúde populacional tornando, assim, o âmbito social melhor e também mais seguro.

Brachycephalic Syndrome in Dogs - Endoscopic Findings in the Airways

Background: Brachycephalic dogs have several abnormalities in the airways, which generate clinical manifestations that impair the quality of life of these animals. Primary alterations promote airflow obstruction and increase intraluminal negative pressure, causing secondary alterations due to a cycle of inflammation with consequent obstruction. With the onset of inflammation and other alterations in the airways, clinical manifestations can be observed, such as snoring, reverse sneezing, coughing, dyspnea, cyanosis, syncope, and vomiting. Endoscopic examination of the airways allows visualization and diagnosis of morphological changes in these animals. This study aimed to evaluate the endoscopic findings of the airways and determine the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the severity of clinical manifestations in 14 dogs with brachycephalic syndrome (BS). Materials, Methods & Results:  Historical and anamnesis data and clinical, respiratory, and digestive manifestations were collected from the owners’ reports. The clinical manifestations were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. All animals were subjected to endoscopy of the airways, and image findings were grouped according to the anatomical site where they were observed, then the abnormalities were correlated with the severity of the clinical manifestations. When comparing the frequency of endoscopic abnormalities with the severity of clinical manifestations, it is interesting to observe that animals with severe disease more frequently presented the following alterations: prolongation and thickening of the soft palate, laryngeal changes, presence of hyperemia, lymphoid hyperplasia and polyps in the nasopharynx, hypoplasia and presence of tracheal secretion and thickening of the dorsal tracheal muscle; bronchial collapse, hypoplasia of the main bronchi and bronchial hyperemia and the presence of aberrant nasal turbinates. Comparison between the means of nonparametric variables was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, with a 5% significance level.  Discussion: A higher frequency of French Bulldog dogs included in the study was observed, probably due to their greater popularity, although any brachycephalic dog may be affected by BS. Considering that nostril stenosis is a congenital alteration, which is usually diagnosed early, and since the animals included in the study were dogs referred for the rhinoplasty procedure the higher frequency of young dogs in the study was not surprising. The results revealed a significant difference in the endoscopic findings with the severity of the clinical manifestations in different variables, such as prolongation and thickening of the soft palate, eversion of the laryngeal saccules, presence of laryngeal inflammation and collapse, presence of polyps or lymphoid hyperplasia in the nasopharynx, thickening of the dorsal muscle of the trachea, polyps in the trachea and hypoplasia in addition to bronchial hyperemia. The larynx was the most affected anatomical site, with alterations present in 92.8% of the evaluated dogs. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that airway obstruction caused by primary alterations can cause secondary alterations, with consequent clinical manifestations in brachycephalic dogs it is possible to suggest that dogs with this syndrome may present severe manifestations of the disease, regardless of age. Furthermore, it can be concluded that in this study, dogs with BS had frequent laryngeal alterations and that alterations in the main bronchi were present in all animals with severe manifestations of the disease. Keywords: airway obstruction, bronchial collapse, endoscopy, larynx

Dirofilariose ectópica em um paciente canino assintomático: Relato de caso

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o caso de um paciente canino assintomático apresentando um ciclo errático do parasito na cavidade abdominal, sendo notado em procedimento cirúrgico. A dirofilariose é uma doença parasitária, provocada pelo nematódeo Dirofilaria immitis. Suas larvas são transmitidas por hospedeiros intermediários que em seu interior conseguem se desenvolver ao estágio larvar infectante. Atualmente a patologia é considerada mundial, podendo afetar cães, gatos, cães selvagens e humanos. No Brasil a patologia é considerada endêmica e sua maioria concentrada em áreas litorâneas, que ocorre a maior prevalência dos vetores. Contudo, já são encontrados animais infectados fora de áreas costeiras. Sua gravidade varia de acordo com o grau de infecção. Animais com cargas parasitárias muito altas podem desenvolver problemas cardiopulmonares, podendo chegar ao desenvolvimento da síndrome da veia cava. Ciclos erráticos não são bem elucidados, mas o seu aparecimento pode estar relacionado com altas cargas parasitárias no hospedeiro O diagnóstico pode ser feito por meio de testes rápidos, pesquisas de microfilárias e polimerase chain reaction (PCR). O tratamento é baseando-se no combate da bactéria simbionte do parasito do gênero Wolbachia e uso de medicamentos microfilaricidas

Seleção para peso pós-desmama em um rebanho Gir. 1. Resposta direta e correlacionada em 21 anos de seleção

A seleção para peso pós-desmama tem sido aplicada em um rebanho Gir (80 vacas, seis touros) desde 1976, e um rebanho Nelore Controle, NeC (60 vacas, quatro touros), tem sido mantido para avaliação da mudança ambiental. O critério de seleção dos machos foi o peso aos 378 dias (P378), obtido em prova de ganho de peso, e o das fêmeas, o peso aos 550 dias (P550) em recria a pasto. A média dos diferenciais de seleção efetivos dos pais foi, respectivamente, 19,5 e 1,8 kg para Gir e NeC, correspondendo a 0,72 e 0,07 unidades de desvio-padrão (u.d.p.). A média dos diferenciais de seleção efetivos acumulados dos pais, na progênie de 2001, foi 83,7 e 7,2 kg para Gir e NeC, correspondendo a 3,17 e 0,29 u.d.p. O intervalo de geração médio no rebanho Gir foi 5,65 anos e no NeC 5,0 anos e o coeficiente de geração médio individual na progênie de 2001 atingiu 4,25 (Gir) e 4,65 (NeC) gerações de seleção. As estimativas de tendência genética no rebanho Gir, obtidas por quadrados mínimos, foram PN = 0,16; P210 = 0,81 kg/ano; GPRE = 3,02 g/dia/ano; P378 = 2,88; P550 = 2,80 kg/ano; G112 = 11,2 g/dia/ano, AM = 0,003 e AF = 0,004 m/ano. Com base no modelo misto, as estimativas para essas características foram menores (0,03 e 0,28 kg/ano; 1,15 g/dia/ano; 1,45 e 1,07 kg/ano; 3,73 g/dia/ano; 0,003 e 0,002 m/ano). As estimativas de herdabilidade realizadas para P378 e P550 foram 0,69 e 0,64, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que a seleção para peso pós-desmama, com base na informação de desempenho individual, promoveu respostas genéticas significativas tanto nas características sob seleção direta quanto nas respostas correlacionadas em características de crescimento da fase pré e pós-desmama no rebanho Gir.Selection for yearling weight has been applied in a herd of Gir breed (80 cows, 6 sires) since 1976 and a Nelore Control herd (60 cows, 4 sires) has been used to evaluate the environmental change. Selection criteria were bull weight at 378 days (P378) in a performance test and heifer weight at 550 days (P550), under grazing conditions. The effective midparent selection differentials for P378 and P550 were 19.5 and 1.8 kg respectively for Gir and NeC, corresponding to 0.72 and 0.07 standard deviation units (s.d.u). The midparent cumulative effective selection differentials for the 2001 offspring were respectively 83.7 and 7.2 kg for Gir and NeC, corresponding to 3.17 and 0.29 s.d.u. The average generation intervals were 5.65 and 5.0 years respectively for the Gir and NeC herds. The individual generation coefficient for the 2001 offspring attained the values of 4.25 (Gir) and 4.65 (NeC). Annual genetic trends estimated by least square methodology in the Gir herd were - PN: 0.16; P210: 0.81 kg/year; GPRE: 3.02 g/day/year; P378: 2.88; P550: 2.80 kg/year; G112: 11.2 g/day/year; AM: 0.003 and AF: 0.004 m/year. Using the mixed model methodology, the estimates for these traits were lower, 0.03, and 0.28 kg/year; 1.15 g/day/year; 1.45 and 1.07 kg/year; 3.73 g/day/year; 0.003 and 0.002 m/year. The realized heritability was 0.69 and 0.64 for P378 and P550, respectively. The results indicated significant genetic response from direct selection based on individual performance information for postweaning weight as well as correlated response in pre and postweaning growth traits in a Gir herd.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Serological evidence of canine exposure to arthropod-borne pathogens in different landscapes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-07-18T12:43:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flavya_almeida_etal-IOC_2017.PDF: 459748 bytes, checksum: 27c2f54074d65b8e2448eb77f3cb9c1e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-07-18T12:57:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 flavya_almeida_etal-IOC_2017.PDF: 459748 bytes, checksum: 27c2f54074d65b8e2448eb77f3cb9c1e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T12:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 flavya_almeida_etal-IOC_2017.PDF: 459748 bytes, checksum: 27c2f54074d65b8e2448eb77f3cb9c1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Veterinária. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Veterinária. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Geociências. Departamento de Geografia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterinária. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Médica Veterinária. Vet Ypiranga. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Grande Rio. Escola de Ciências da Saúde. Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Faculdade de Veterinária. Niterói, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Arthropod-borne infections are dependent on environmental conditions, and several combinations of natural and human-related variables play an important role in vector populations aswell as the life cycle of agents carried by the arthropods. The top 5 canine arthropod-transmitted agents, Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania spp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Borrelia burgdorferi infect unprotected animals without propensity. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of these parasite species in three different landscape settings (sandbanks, plains and mountains) along a 60-km line. During a 6-month period, blood samples were collected from dogs (N12 months old) living in the different settings. Prevalence of D. immitis was determined by modified Knott test and ELISA. Prevalence of E. canis, A. phagocytophilum, and B. burgdorferi was determined by ELISA, and Leishmania spp. by ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence, and immunocromatographic assays. D. immitis was most prevalent in the sandbank (68.9%) as well as Leishmania spp. (34.5%), and tick-transmitted agents, A. phagocytophilum and E. canis in the plains (61.7%). B. burgdorferi was not detected. Depending on the resources for arthropods present in regions, dogs are likely to be exposed to different arthropod-borne parasites and should receive preventives tailored to the risk of infection in the region in which the dog resides

Brachycephalic Syndrome in Dogs - Endoscopic Findings in the Airways

Background: Brachycephalic dogs have several abnormalities in the airways, which generate clinical manifestations that impair the quality of life of these animals. Primary alterations promote airflow obstruction and increase intraluminal negative pressure, causing secondary alterations due to a cycle of inflammation with consequent obstruction. With the onset of inflammation and other alterations in the airways, clinical manifestations can be observed, such as snoring, reverse sneezing, coughing, dyspnea, cyanosis, syncope, and vomiting. Endoscopic examination of the airways allows visualization and diagnosis of morphological changes in these animals. This study aimed to evaluate the endoscopic findings of the airways and determine the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the severity of clinical manifestations in 14 dogs with brachycephalic syndrome (BS). Materials, Methods & Results:  Historical and anamnesis data and clinical, respiratory, and digestive manifestations were collected from the owners’ reports. The clinical manifestations were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. All animals were subjected to endoscopy of the airways, and image findings were grouped according to the anatomical site where they were observed, then the abnormalities were correlated with the severity of the clinical manifestations. When comparing the frequency of endoscopic abnormalities with the severity of clinical manifestations, it is interesting to observe that animals with severe disease more frequently presented the following alterations: prolongation and thickening of the soft palate, laryngeal changes, presence of hyperemia, lymphoid hyperplasia and polyps in the nasopharynx, hypoplasia and presence of tracheal secretion and thickening of the dorsal tracheal muscle; bronchial collapse, hypoplasia of the main bronchi and bronchial hyperemia and the presence of aberrant nasal turbinates. Comparison between the means of nonparametric variables was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, with a 5% significance level.  Discussion: A higher frequency of French Bulldog dogs included in the study was observed, probably due to their greater popularity, although any brachycephalic dog may be affected by BS. Considering that nostril stenosis is a congenital alteration, which is usually diagnosed early, and since the animals included in the study were dogs referred for the rhinoplasty procedure the higher frequency of young dogs in the study was not surprising. The results revealed a significant difference in the endoscopic findings with the severity of the clinical manifestations in different variables, such as prolongation and thickening of the soft palate, eversion of the laryngeal saccules, presence of laryngeal inflammation and collapse, presence of polyps or lymphoid hyperplasia in the nasopharynx, thickening of the dorsal muscle of the trachea, polyps in the trachea and hypoplasia in addition to bronchial hyperemia. The larynx was the most affected anatomical site, with alterations present in 92.8% of the evaluated dogs. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that airway obstruction caused by primary alterations can cause secondary alterations, with consequent clinical manifestations in brachycephalic dogs it is possible to suggest that dogs with this syndrome may present severe manifestations of the disease, regardless of age. Furthermore, it can be concluded that in this study, dogs with BS had frequent laryngeal alterations and that alterations in the main bronchi were present in all animals with severe manifestations of the disease. Keywords: airway obstruction, bronchial collapse, endoscopy, larynx

Seleção para peso pós-desmama em um rebanho Gir. 2. Estimativas de variâncias e parâmetros genéticos dos efeitos direto e materno para características de crescimento Selection for growth traits in Gyr cattle. 2. Estimates of variances and genetic parameters due to direct and maternal effects

Componentes de variância e parâmetros genéticos para características de crescimento foram estimados usando diferentes modelos em um rebanho da raça Gir. Utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita sob modelo animal univariado. Os modelos de análise incluíram os efeitos fixos de mês de nascimento, grupo contemporâneo e idade da vaca. Cinco modelos diferindo quanto aos efeitos aleatórios foram testados. Para todas as características da fase pré-desmama, o teste de razão de verossimilhança (LRT) indicou o modelo com efeito genético aditivo direto e efeitos maternos (genético e de ambiente permanente) como o de melhor ajuste. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta para peso ao nascer (PN), peso aos quatro meses corrigido para 120 dias (P120), peso à desmama corrigido para 210 dias (P210) e ganho diário na fase pré-desmama (GPRE) foram, respectivamente, 0,31&plusmn; 0,07; 0,14 &plusmn; 0,06; 0,23 &plusmn; 0,07 e 0,22 &plusmn; 0,07. Para as características da fase pós-desmama, o modelo que forneceu o melhor ajuste aos dados incluiu apenas o efeito genético aditivo direto. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta para peso de machos ao final da prova de ganho de peso (P378), peso de fêmeas corrigido para 550 dias (P550), ganho diário na prova de ganho de peso (G112), altura aos 378 dias em machos (AM) e altura aos 550 dias, em fêmeas (AF) foram, respectivamente: 0,45 &plusmn; 0,11; 0,29 &plusmn; 0,11; 0,37 &plusmn; 0,11; 0,79 &plusmn; 0,13 e 0,36 &plusmn; 0,0. Os efeitos maternos, tanto o genético quanto o de ambiente permanente, foram fontes de variação importantes para as características da fase pré-desmama, não sendo verificada influência desses efeitos sobre as características da fase pós-desmama.<br>Variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits of Gyr breed were estimated using univariate analyses by restricted maximum likelihood. Five models differing in the random effects were evaluated. The models included the fixed effects of month of birth, contemporary group and age of cow. According to the likelihood ratio test (LRT) the best fit for all traits measured in the pre-weaning period was obtained by the model including the direct and maternal effects (genetic and environment). Heritability estimates for birth weight (PN), weight adjusted to 120 days (P120), weaning weight adjusted to 210 days (P210) and daily weight gain in pre-weaning period (P210) were respectively, 0.31 &plusmn; 0.07, 0.14 &plusmn; 0.06, 0.23 &plusmn; 0.07, and 0.22 &plusmn; 0.07. For the post-weaning traits, the best fitting model was the one which included only the direct genetic effect. Heritability estimates for male performance test weight at 378 days (P378), heifer weight at 550 days (P550), daily weight gain during the performance test (G112), male height at 378 days (AM) and heifer's height at 550 days (AF) were respectively, 0.45 &plusmn; 0.11, 0.29 &plusmn; 0.11, 0.37 &plusmn; 0.11, 0.79 &plusmn; 0,13, and 0.36 &plusmn; 0.0. The maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects were important sources of variation only for the traits measured in the pre-weaning period