New invariants for entangled states

We propose new algebraic invariants that distinguish and classify entangled states. Considering qubits as well as higher spin systems, we obtained complete entanglement classifications for cases that were either unsolved or only conjectured in the literature.Comment: published versio

Rank Reduction for the Local Consistency Problem

We address the problem of how simple a solution can be for a given quantum local consistency instance. More specifically, we investigate how small the rank of the global density operator can be if the local constraints are known to be compatible. We prove that any compatible local density operators can be satisfied by a low rank global density operator. Then we study both fermionic and bosonic versions of the N-representability problem as applications. After applying the channel-state duality, we prove that any compatible local channels can be obtained through a global quantum channel with small Kraus rank.Comment: 6 pages, 0 figures. To appear in J.Math.Phy

Quantum marginal problem and N-representability

A variant of the quantum marginal problem was known from early sixties as N-representability problem. In 1995 it was designated by National Research Council of USA as one of ten most prominent research challenges in quantum chemistry. In spite of this recognition the progress was very slow, until a couple of years ago the problem came into focus again, now in framework of quantum information theory. In the paper I give an account of the recent development.Comment: A talk at 12 Central European workshop on Quantum Optics, July 2005, Bilkent University, Turke

Stein's Method and Characters of Compact Lie Groups

Stein's method is used to study the trace of a random element from a compact Lie group or symmetric space. Central limit theorems are proved using very little information: character values on a single element and the decomposition of the square of the trace into irreducible components. This is illustrated for Lie groups of classical type and Dyson's circular ensembles. The approach in this paper will be useful for the study of higher dimensional characters, where normal approximations need not hold.Comment: 22 pages; same results, but more efficient exposition in Section 3.

TPP1 Delivery to Lysosomes with Extracellular Vesicles and their Enhanced Brain Distribution in the Animal Model of Batten Disease

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising natural nanocarriers for delivery of various types of therapeutics. Earlier engineered EV-based formulations for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer are reported. Herein, the use of macrophage-derived EVs for brain delivery of a soluble lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase-1, TPP1, to treat a lysosomal storage disorder, Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses 2 (CLN2) or Batten disease, is investigated. TPP1 is loaded into EVs using two methods: i) transfection of parental EV-producing macrophages with TPP1-encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA) or ii) incorporation therapeutic protein TPP1 into naive empty EVs. For the former approach, EVs released by pretransfected macrophages contain the active enzyme and TPP1-encoding pDNA. To achieve high loading efficiency by the latter approach, sonication or permeabilization of EV membranes with saponin is utilized. Both methods provide proficient incorporation of functional TPP1 into EVs (EV-TPP1). EVs significantly increase stability of TPP1 against protease degradation and provide efficient TPP1 delivery to target cells in in vitro model of CLN2. The majority of EV-TPP1 (≈70%) is delivered to target organelles, lysosomes. Finally, a robust brain accumulation of EV carriers and increased lifespan is recorded in late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) mouse model following intraperitoneal administration of EV-TPP1

Measurement of the Absolute Differential Cross Section for np Elastic Scattering at 194 MeV

A tagged medium-energy neutron beam has been used in a precise measurement of the absolute differential cross section for np back-scattering. The results resolve significant discrepancies within the np database concerning the angular dependence in this regime. The experiment has determined the absolute normalization with 1.5% uncertainty, suitable to verify constraints of supposedly comparable precision that arise from the rest of the database in partial wave analyses. The analysis procedures, especially those associated with evaluation of systematic errors in the experiment, are described in detail so that systematic uncertainties may be included in a reasonable way in subsequent partial wave analysis fits incorporating the present results.Comment: 22 pages, 21 figures, submitted for publication in Physical Review

Measurement of the Absolute np Scattering Differential Cross Section at 194 MeV

We describe a double-scattering experiment with a novel tagged neutron beam to measure differential cross sections for np back-scattering to better than 2% absolute precision. The measurement focuses on angles and energies where the cross section magnitude and angle-dependence constrain the charged pion-nucleon coupling constant, but existing data show serious discrepancies among themselves and with energy-dependent partial wave analyses (PWA). The present results are in good accord with the PWA, but deviate systematically from other recent measurements.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Growing smooth interfaces with inhomogeneous, moving external fields: dynamical transitions, devil's staircases and self-assembled ripples

We study the steady state structure and dynamics of an interface in a pure Ising system on a square lattice placed in an inhomogeneous external field. The field has a profile with a fixed shape designed to stabilize a flat interface, and is translated with velocity v_e. For small v_e, the interface is stuck to the profile, is macroscopically smooth, and is rippled with a periodicity in general incommensurate with the lattice parameter. For arbitrary orientations of the profile, the local slope of the interface locks in to one of infinitely many rational values (devil's staircase) which most closely approximates the profile. These ``lock-in'' structures and ripples dissappear as v_e increases. For still larger v_e the profile detaches from the interface which is now characterized by standard Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) exponents.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, published version, minor change

Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Therapy

Efficient targeted delivery of anticancer agents to TNBC cells remains one of the greatest challenges to developing therapies. The lack of tumor-specific markers, aggressive nature of the tumor, and unique propensity to recur and metastasize make TNBC tumors more difficult to treat than other subtypes. We propose to exploit natural ability of macrophages to target cancer cells by means of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as drug delivery vehicles for chemotherapeutic agents, paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (Dox). We demonstrated earlier that macrophage-derived EVs loaded with PTX (EV-PTX) and Dox (EV-Dox) target cancer cells and exhibited high anticancer efficacy in a mouse model of pulmonary metastases. Herein, we report a manufacture and characterization of novel EV-based drug formulations using different loading procedures that were optimized by varying pH, temperature, and sonication conditions. Selected EV-based formulations showed a high drug loading, efficient accumulation in TNBC cells in vitro, and pronounced anti-proliferation effect. Drug-loaded EVs target TNBC in vivo, including the orthotopic mouse T11 tumors in immune competent BALB/C mice, and human MDA-MB-231 tumors in athymic nu/nu mice, and abolished tumor growth. Overall, EV-based formulations can provide a novel solution to a currently unmet clinical need and reduce the morbidity and mortality of TNBC patients

Quantum mechanical effect of path-polarization contextuality for a single photon

Using measurements pertaining to a suitable Mach-Zehnder(MZ) type setup, a curious quantum mechanical effect of contextuality between the path and the polarization degrees of freedom of a polarized photon is demonstrated, without using any notion of realism or hidden variables - an effect that holds good for the product as well as the entangled states. This form of experimental context-dependence is manifested in a way such that at \emph{either} of the two exit channels of the MZ setup used, the empirically verifiable \emph{subensemble} statistical properties obtained by an arbitrary polarization measurement depend upon the choice of a commuting(comeasurable) path observable, while this effect disappears for the \emph{whole ensemble} of photons emerging from the two exit channels of the MZ setup.Comment: To be published in IJT