Cost-effective removal of COD in the pre-treatment of wastewater from the paper industry

The present paper reveals results of research for cost-effective removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) contained in industrial paper mill effluent. Not only process efficiency but also wastewater treatment costs are discussed. Different pre-treatment processes are applied aiming to investigate the COD removal before discharge to the municipal sewage network. The objective of this paper is to find the optimal operating conditions for the coagulation process. The effects of key operational parameters, including the type of coagulant, initial pH, temperature and coagulant dose, on COD percentage removal were investigated. The laboratory experiments confirmed the high efficiency of chemically enhanced mechanical treatment towards COD. The data obtained show that even low dose of chemicals provides sufficient COD reduction. The initial pH of the wastewater had a significant impact on the COD removal. Under the optimal operational conditions (pH = 7.5, T = 18 °C) the treatment of wastewater from paper industries by coagulation has led to a reduction of 70% COD for wastewater discharged. In terms of the investigated paper industry wastewater, polyaluminium chloride appears to be most suitable for treatment of high COD concentration. However, in an economic evaluation of requirements for wastewater treatment, operating costs and associated saving were such that PAX was more favourable.Fil: Boguniewicz Zablocka, Joanna. Opole University Of Technology; PoloniaFil: Klosok Bazan, Iwona. Opole University Of Technology; PoloniaFil: Naddeo, Vincenzo. Universita di Salerno; ItaliaFil: Mozejko, Clara Alexandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología; Argentin

Model of geothermal water deironing on the basis of a triangulation

The main of this research was to recognize the efficiency of geothermal water deironing processes. To this, studies on a laboratory scale were conducted. In the paper the modeling of geothermal water deironing processes using new tool basis on triangulation has been used. Carrying out the analysis of potential possibilities of using geothermal water and taking economic aspects of water deironing processes into account, the authors of this article conducted research into the geothermal water deironing processes by adjusting existing knowledge on the removal of iron from cold groundwater. The conducted research confirmed the possibility of adjusting such processes to the treatment of geothermal water, but their effectiveness differs depending on the temperature and salinity of water, but this relation is not linear. The analyzes indicated that the best deironing effect was obtained for water whose salinity does not exceed 10 g/L and the temperature 30̊C

Sustainable Development in the Context of Hard Water Treatment

The objective of this paper was determination and measurement of the effect on the environment that application of central softening of water from the Grotowice intake can have. In order to carry out the said analyses, two levels of water softening were considered, i.e. up to hardness at the level of 200 mgCaCO3/L and 250 mgCaCO3/L. For this purpose Grotowice intake collecting water with very high hardness was chosen. Several household appliances which use hot water during their work have been selected for analysis. In addition, the required data were collected and an environmental impact assessment has been prepared (carbon dioxide emissions based on energy consumption of individual appliances, the amount of phosphorus emissions present in used detergents, the amount of waste produced after consumption). As shown by the results of the conducted analyses, limitation of the hardness level of water taken at the Water Treatment Station in Grotowice has a significant effect on reduction of emission of contamination to the environment.Celem analizy było określenie i zmierzenie wpływu na środowisko, jaki może wywrzeć zastosowanie centralnego zmiękczania wody pochodzącej z ujęcia w Grotowicach, do poziomu wody klasyfikowanej jako średnio-twarda. W celu wykonania założonych analiz, w pracy rozpatrzono dwa poziomy zmiękczania wody tj. do twardości na poziomie 200 mgCaCO3/dm3 i 250 mgCaCO3/dm3. Analizy oparto na danych pozyskanych z ujęcia wody w Grotowicach. Do analizy wybrano kilka urządzeń gospodarstwa domowego, które wykorzystują ciepłą wodę podczas swojej pracy. Ponadto zebrano wymagane dane i przygotowano ocenę oddziaływania na środowisko (emisje dwutlenku węgla w oparciu o zużycie energii poszczególnych urządzeń, ilość emisji fosforu w używanych detergentach, ilość odpadów powstających po spożyciu). Jak wykazały wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz, ograniczenie poziomu twardości wody pobieranej przez Stację Uzdatniania Wód w Grotowicach może mieć istotny wpływ na redukcję emisji zanieczyszczeń do środowiska

Zrównoważany rozwój w kontekście uzdatniania twardej wody

The objective of this paper was determination and measurement of the effect on the environment that application of central softening of water from the Grotowice intake can have. In order to carry out the said analyses, two levels of water softening were considered, i.e. up to hardness at the level of 200 mgCaCO3/L and 250 mgCaCO3/L. For this purpose Grotowice intake collecting water with very high hardness was chosen. Several household appliances which use hot water during their work have been selected for analysis. In addition, the required data were collected and an environmental impact assessment has been prepared (carbon dioxide emissions based on energy consumption of individual appliances, the amount of phosphorus emissions present in used detergents, the amount of waste produced after consumption). As shown by the results of the conducted analyses, limitation of the hardness level of water taken at the Water Treatment Station in Grotowice has a significant effect on reduction of emission of contamination to the environment.Celem analizy było określenie i zmierzenie wpływu na środowisko, jaki może wywrzeć zastosowanie centralnego zmiękczania wody pochodzącej z ujęcia w Grotowicach, do poziomu wody klasyfikowanej jako średnio-twarda. W celu wykonania założonych analiz, w pracy rozpatrzono dwa poziomy zmiękczania wody tj. do twardości na poziomie 200 mgCaCO3/dm3 i 250 mgCaCO3/dm3. Analizy oparto na danych pozyskanych z ujęcia wody w Grotowicach. Do analizy wybrano kilka urządzeń gospodarstwa domowego, które wykorzystują ciepłą wodę podczas swojej pracy. Ponadto zebrano wymagane dane i przygotowano ocenę oddziaływania na środowisko (emisje dwutlenku węgla w oparciu o zużycie energii poszczególnych urządzeń, ilość emisji fosforu w używanych detergentach, ilość odpadów powstających po spożyciu). Jak wykazały wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz, ograniczenie poziomu twardości wody pobieranej przez Stację Uzdatniania Wód w Grotowicach może mieć istotny wpływ na redukcję emisji zanieczyszczeń do środowisk

Zrównoważany rozwój w kontekście uzdatniania twardej wody

The objective of this paper was determination and measurement of the effect on the environment that application of central softening of water from the Grotowice intake can have. In order to carry out the said analyses, two levels of water softening were considered, i.e. up to hardness at the level of 200 mgCaCO3/L and 250 mgCaCO3/L. For this purpose Grotowice intake collecting water with very high hardness was chosen. Several household appliances which use hot water during their work have been selected for analysis. In addition, the required data were collected and an environmental impact assessment has been prepared (carbon dioxide emissions based on energy consumption of individual appliances, the amount of phosphorus emissions present in used detergents, the amount of waste produced after consumption). As shown by the results of the conducted analyses, limitation of the hardness level of water taken at the Water Treatment Station in Grotowice has a significant effect on reduction of emission of contamination to the environment.Celem analizy było określenie i zmierzenie wpływu na środowisko, jaki może wywrzeć zastosowanie centralnego zmiękczania wody pochodzącej z ujęcia w Grotowicach, do poziomu wody klasyfikowanej jako średnio-twarda. W celu wykonania założonych analiz, w pracy rozpatrzono dwa poziomy zmiękczania wody tj. do twardości na poziomie 200 mgCaCO3/dm3 i 250 mgCaCO3/dm3. Analizy oparto na danych pozyskanych z ujęcia wody w Grotowicach. Do analizy wybrano kilka urządzeń gospodarstwa domowego, które wykorzystują ciepłą wodę podczas swojej pracy. Ponadto zebrano wymagane dane i przygotowano ocenę oddziaływania na środowisko (emisje dwutlenku węgla w oparciu o zużycie energii poszczególnych urządzeń, ilość emisji fosforu w używanych detergentach, ilość odpadów powstających po spożyciu). Jak wykazały wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz, ograniczenie poziomu twardości wody pobieranej przez Stację Uzdatniania Wód w Grotowicach może mieć istotny wpływ na redukcję emisji zanieczyszczeń do środowiska

Hardness of water analysis at the Grotowice intake situated near Opole

The determination of raw water hardness subsequently treated and used for domestic water supplies is a useful parameter to characterize the present total dissolved solids as well as for calculation dosages for lime-soda softening application. Because water hardness concentrations have not been proven to be health related, the final achieved level is mainly an economic function. To identify existing trends, the changes in water hardness in Grotowice intake for the years 1999-2017 have been analysed. The obtained results indicate clearly that the water hardness in three wells shows a slight downward trend, but on the other hand, one trend is rising in another direction

Hardness of water analysis at the Grotowice intake situated near Opole

The determination of raw water hardness subsequently treated and used for domestic water supplies is a useful parameter to characterize the present total dissolved solids as well as for calculation dosages for lime-soda softening application. Because water hardness concentrations have not been proven to be health related, the final achieved level is mainly an economic function. To identify existing trends, the changes in water hardness in Grotowice intake for the years 1999-2017 have been analysed. The obtained results indicate clearly that the water hardness in three wells shows a slight downward trend, but on the other hand, one trend is rising in another direction

Planning the optimal solution for wastewater management in rural areas - case study

Water management and associated wastewater management is an inseparable element of life and development of modern societies. Collection and treatment of wastewater has a significant impact on the environment and economy, both at the local and global level. It is therefore necessary to proceed to activities that ensure proper wastewater management, especially in rural and low-density areas, where it is necessary to search for optimal solutions with regard to sewage systems, including wastewater treatment plants. One of the solution for wastewater treatment from houses without access to sewerage collection system is the construction of on-site wastewater treatment plants. Construction of on-site wastewater treatment plant poses a number of challenges for municipalities and potential investors and has been discussed by many. Aim of this paper is to draw the current status and perspectives of on-site wastewater treatment systems in Poland, with focus on selected case study from rural areas. The paper presents a way to solve the problem of wastewater management in the municipality of Pietrowice Wielkie using local biological wastewater treatment plants. The article presents technological, technical and economical aspects of the above-mentioned solutions and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the system proposed by the municipality