Use of tomato by-products in domestic animal nutrition

U procesu prerade rajčice nastaju različiti nusproizvodi i to: komina, pulpa, pokožica, sjemenke, ali i neiskorišteni dijelovi ploda koje treba zbrinuti u cilju smanjenja štetnih učinaka na okoliš. Komina rajčice je najzastupljeniji nusproizvod koji nastaje pri preradi rajčice. Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati mogućnosti upotrebe nusproizvoda rajčice u hranidbi domaćih životinja podijeljenih prema građi probavnog sustava s posebnim osvrtom na novije znanstvene spoznaje te predložiti njihove optimalne razine korištenja. Nusproizvodi rajčice imaju značajan udio vode i ugljikohidrata, manju količinu bjelančevina i lipida, a bogati su bioaktivnim spojevima prije svega onima iz skupine karotenoida, osobito likopenom. Učinkovitost upotrebe nusproizvoda rajčice ovisi o građi probavnog sustava domaćih životinja, dobi i proizvodnoj fazi životinja te kompoziciji obroka i formi ponuđenog nusproizvoda. Analizom dostupne literature o upotrebi nusproizvoda rajčice u hranidbi domaćih životinja može se zaključiti da je u cilju postizanja povoljnih proizvodnih i fizioloških učinaka te sprječavanja njihovog negativnog djelovanja za preporučiti kod nepreživača do 10 ili maksimalno 15 % obroka, a kod preživača i više od 20 %.In the tomato processing, various by-products are produced: pomace, pulp, skin, seeds, but also unused parts of the fruit which should be disposed of in order to reduce the harmful effects on the environment. Tomato pomace is the most abundant by-product produced during tomato processing. The aim of this paper is to show the possibilities of using tomato by-products in the feeding of domestic animals, divided according to the structure of the digestive system, with special reference to recent scientific knowledge, and to propose their optimal levels of use. Tomato by-products have a significant proportion of water and carbohydrates, a smaller amount of proteins and lipids, and are rich in bioactive compounds, primarily those from the group of carotenoids, especially lycopene. The efficiency of using tomato by-products depends on the structure of the digestive system of domestic animals, the age and production stage of the animals, as well as the composition of the diet and the form of offered by-product. Analyzing the available literature on the use of tomato by-products in the feeding of domestic animals, it can be concluded that in order to achieve favorable production and physiological effects and to prevent their negative effects, for non-ruminants up to 10 or a maximum 15% of the diet is recommended, and for ruminants more than 20%

INTRODUCTION OF LACAUNE SHEEP IN CROATIAN SHEEP BREEDING

In the world, there is an increasing demand for sheep milk and breeding of dairy breeds of sheep. The aim of this work is to present the production of sheep milk and the state and perspectives of Lacaune sheep breeding in the Republic of Croatia. In the world, EU countries and even in Croatia, the production of sheep milk is constantly increasing, which is evidenced by the growing interest in sheep milk and the breeding of dairy breeds of sheep, including Lacaune sheep. Lacaune sheep are bred in the Republic of Croatia by 10 farmers (2,254 breeding heads) and the number is constantly increasing. In the control of milk production of Lacaune sheep in the 3rd lactation, an average daily milk production of 2 kg was determined, and a total milk production of 400 kg in a lactation of 197 days, with an average of 6.3% fat and 6.0% protein. The production and chemical composition of Lacaune sheep in the Republic of Croatia is very similar if we compare it with available research throughout Europe. The abovementioned indicated the appropriate feeding and rearing of Lacaune sheep, but also their good adaptability. The perspective of Lacaune breeding in the Republic of Croatia is promising, and an increase in their number is expected. In addition to the improvement of feeding and rearing conditions, a higher production of milk will be achieved and the economy of production will increase

Influence of pumpkin seed cake and extruded linseed on production traits of goat kids

Sjemenke uljarica i nusproizvodi proizvodnje ulja kvalitetan su izvor energije i bjelančevina u hranidbi preživača. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio utvrditi proizvodne pokazatelje jaradi hranjene krmnim smjesama koje sadrže pogaču sjemenki bundeve ili ekstrudirani lan. Istraživanje je provedeno na 31 jaretu pasmine francuska alpina. Nakon navršenih mjesec dana jarad je postupno odbijana od majki, pri čemu se postupno smanjivala hranidba mlijekom i uključivala krmna smjesa i sijeno (djetelinsko-travna smjesa) ad libitum. Jarad je bila hranjena krmnom smjesom koja je od bjelančevinastih krmiva sadržavala sačmu soje i ekstrudiranu soju (kontrolna), zatim krmnom smjesom koja je sadržavala 16 % pogače sjemenki bundeve (PB16) uz potpunu zamjenu soje te krmnom smjesom koja je sadržavala 9 % ekstrudiranog lana (EL 9) uz djelomičnu zamjenu soje. Proizvodni pokazatelji, kao što su prosječni dnevni prirasti i eksterijerne odlike utvrđeni su u dobi jaradi od 32, 60 i 87 dana. Utvrđeni su ukupni prosječni dnevni prirasti jaradi (dobi 32.-87. dana) od 145,64 g u kontrolnoj skupini, 163,77 g u PB16 i 164,21 g u EL 9 skupini, pri čemu nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike. Utvrđeno je značajno povećanje visine grebena u PB16 i EL 9 jaradi u dobi od 60 dana te u PB16 jaradi u dobi od 87 dana u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, pri čemu nisu bile utvrđene značajne razlike u indeksima tjelesne razvijenosti. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata vidljiva je mogućnost upotrebe pogače sjemenki bundeve i ekstrudiranog lana kao izvora bjelančevina i masti u krmnim smjesama, uz zadovoljavajuće proizvodne pokazatelje jaradi.Oilseeds and by-products of oil production are a good quality source of energy and proteins in ruminants´ nutrition. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the production traits of goat kids fed on feed mixtures containing pumpkin seed cake and extruded linseed. The study was carried out on 31 goat kids of the French Alpine breed. After one month, the kids were gradually weaned from the mothers, by reducing suckling and including feed mixtures and hay (clover-grass mixture) ad libitum. Goat kids were fed on feed mixture containing soybean meal and extruded soybean (control) as protein feedstuffs, then a mixture containing 16% pumpkin seed cake (PB16) with complete soybean replacement, and a mixture containing 9% extruded linseeds (EL 9) with partial replacement of soybean. Production traits of goat kids, such as average weight gain and exterior characteristics, were determined at the age of 32, 60 and 87 days. The estimated total average daily weight gain of goat kids (32-87 days of age) was 145.64 g in control group, 163.77 g in PB16 and 164.21 g in EL 9 group, with no significant differences. A significant increase in withers height was found in PB16 and EL 9 goat kids aged 60 days and in PB16 goat kids aged 87 days compared to the control group, with no significant differences in physical development indices. The results of the present study viewed the possibility of using the pumpkin seed cake and extruded linseed as a source of proteins and fat in feed mixtures, with satisfactory production traits in goat kids

Krmiva s povećanim sadržajem antocijanina u hranidbi životinja

The word anthocyanin comes from the Greek words Anthos, meaning flower, and kyanose, meaning blue. Anthocyanins give red, purple, and blue colors to plants. In acidic conditions, they appear as red pigments and in alkaline conditions, they appear as blue pigments. The intensive nature of agricultural (animal) production, with a high density of individuals in animal production facilities, very often contributes to the occurrence of disorders and diseases in animals that threaten this production. A major problem for the animal organism is the effects and consequences of oxidative stress or excessive production of free radicals, which are the main cause of metabolic disorders in cows in the transition period, and antioxidants can prevent or at least mitigate these conditions. Anthocyanins as a source of natural antioxidants play an important role in increasing the antioxidant potential that protects the cell against oxidative damage. Some anthocyanin species may have an enhancing effect on mRNA expression and superoxide dismutase activity. The bioavailability of anthocyanins is relatively low due to poor absorption in the digestive tract. In our region, colored corn, wheat, barley, and sorghum can be used as anthocyanin sources in the domestic animal diet, black soybean, rye, and black and red rice also have high anthocyanin content. Purple corn can accumulate much more anthocyanins than commercial corn varieties.Krmiva s povećanim sadržajem antocijanina u hranidbi životinja. Riječ antocijanin dolazi od grčkih riječi anthos, što označuje cvijet te kyanose što označuje plavu boju. Antocijanini biljkama daju crvenu, ljubičastu i plavu boju. U kiselim uvjetima se pojavljuje kao crveni pigment, a u lužnatim kao plavi pigment. Intenzivan način poljoprivredne (stočarske) proizvodnje s velikom gustoćom jedinki unutar proizvodnih objekata za životinje vrlo često pridonosi pojavi poremećaja i bolesti životinja koje ugrožavaju tu proizvodnju. Veliki problem za životinjski organizam su učinci i posljedice oksidacijskog stresa, odnosno prekomjerne proizvodnje slobodnih radikala koji su glavni uzrok metaboličkih poremećaja kod krava u prijelaznom razdoblju, a antioksidansi mogu spriječiti ili barem ublažiti ta stanja. Antocijanini kao izvor prirodnih antioksidanata imaju važnu ulogu u povećavanju antioksidacijskog potencijala koji štiti stanicu od oksidacijske štete. Biodostupnost antocijanina je relativno niska s obzirom na relativno slabu apsorpcija u probavnom sustavu životinja. Neke vrste antocijanina mogu imati pospješujući učinak na ekspresiju mRNA i aktivnost superoksid dismutaze. Na našem području kao izvor antocijanina u hranidbi domaćih životinja ponajviše se može koristiti ljubičasti kukuruz, ljubičasta pšenica, ljubičasti ječam te ljubičasti sirak, ali valja spomenuti i crnu soju, raž te crnu i crvenu rižu koji također posjeduju značajni sadržaj antocijana. Ljubičasti kukuruz ima sposobnost nakupljanja značajno više antocijanina u odnosu na komercijalne sorte običnog kukuruza

Hematološki i biokemijski pokazatelji izvorne pasmine hrvatska bijela koza različite dobi

The aim of the research was to determine the age-related hematological and biochemical parameters in Croatian white goats in a traditional Mediterranean production system. The 36 lactating Croatian white goats were divided into three groups with 12 goats each, according to age: group I (1-2 years old), group II (3-5 years) and group III (>5 years). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (334 g/L) and lymphocytes (73.71%), as well as the concentration of iron (Fe 25.17 μmol/L) in the blood were higher, while the concentration of urea (3.86 mmol/L) was lower in group I compared to group III. The results of the present study are the first published blood analysis (hematological and biochemical parameters) for the Croatian white goat breed, and can be useful for understanding the metabolism and health status of this breed of goats, which helps in their conservation, promotion and breeding improvement.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi hematološke i biokemijske pokazatelje koza različite dobi, pasmine hrvatska bijela koza. Koze su uzgajane u tradicionalnom mediteranskom proizvodnom sustavu. Ukupno 36 koza u laktaciji podijeljeno je u tri skupine, svaka s po 12 koza, prema dobi: skupina I (dob 1-2 godine), skupina II (dob 3-5 godina) i skupina III (dob > 5 godina). Prosječna koncentracija hemoglobina u eritrocitima (334 g/l) i udio limfocita (73,71%), kao i koncentracija željeza (Fe 25,17 μmol/L) u krvi bile su više, dok je koncentracija uree (3,86 mmol/l) bila niža u skupini I u usporedbi sa skupinom III. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su prva objavljena analiza krvi (hematološki i biokemijski pokazatelji) za hrvatsku bijelu kozu. Utvrđene vrijednosti mogu biti korisne za razumijevanje metabolizma i zdravstvenog statusa ove pasmine koza, što pomaže u njezinom očuvanju, promociji i poboljšanju uzgoja

Krmiva s povećanim sadržajem antocijanina u hranidbi životinja

The word anthocyanin comes from the Greek words Anthos, meaning flower, and kyanose, meaning blue. Anthocyanins give red, purple, and blue colors to plants. In acidic conditions, they appear as red pigments and in alkaline conditions, they appear as blue pigments. The intensive nature of agricultural (animal) production, with a high density of individuals in animal production facilities, very often contributes to the occurrence of disorders and diseases in animals that threaten this production. A major problem for the animal organism is the effects and consequences of oxidative stress or excessive production of free radicals, which are the main cause of metabolic disorders in cows in the transition period, and antioxidants can prevent or at least mitigate these conditions. Anthocyanins as a source of natural antioxidants play an important role in increasing the antioxidant potential that protects the cell against oxidative damage. Some anthocyanin species may have an enhancing effect on mRNA expression and superoxide dismutase activity. The bioavailability of anthocyanins is relatively low due to poor absorption in the digestive tract. In our region, colored corn, wheat, barley, and sorghum can be used as anthocyanin sources in the domestic animal diet, black soybean, rye, and black and red rice also have high anthocyanin content. Purple corn can accumulate much more anthocyanins than commercial corn varieties.Krmiva s povećanim sadržajem antocijanina u hranidbi životinja. Riječ antocijanin dolazi od grčkih riječi anthos, što označuje cvijet te kyanose što označuje plavu boju. Antocijanini biljkama daju crvenu, ljubičastu i plavu boju. U kiselim uvjetima se pojavljuje kao crveni pigment, a u lužnatim kao plavi pigment. Intenzivan način poljoprivredne (stočarske) proizvodnje s velikom gustoćom jedinki unutar proizvodnih objekata za životinje vrlo često pridonosi pojavi poremećaja i bolesti životinja koje ugrožavaju tu proizvodnju. Veliki problem za životinjski organizam su učinci i posljedice oksidacijskog stresa, odnosno prekomjerne proizvodnje slobodnih radikala koji su glavni uzrok metaboličkih poremećaja kod krava u prijelaznom razdoblju, a antioksidansi mogu spriječiti ili barem ublažiti ta stanja. Antocijanini kao izvor prirodnih antioksidanata imaju važnu ulogu u povećavanju antioksidacijskog potencijala koji štiti stanicu od oksidacijske štete. Biodostupnost antocijanina je relativno niska s obzirom na relativno slabu apsorpcija u probavnom sustavu životinja. Neke vrste antocijanina mogu imati pospješujući učinak na ekspresiju mRNA i aktivnost superoksid dismutaze. Na našem području kao izvor antocijanina u hranidbi domaćih životinja ponajviše se može koristiti ljubičasti kukuruz, ljubičasta pšenica, ljubičasti ječam te ljubičasti sirak, ali valja spomenuti i crnu soju, raž te crnu i crvenu rižu koji također posjeduju značajni sadržaj antocijana. Ljubičasti kukuruz ima sposobnost nakupljanja značajno više antocijanina u odnosu na komercijalne sorte običnog kukuruza

Enrichment of small ruminant milk with selenium

Selen je važan element u tragovima koji sudjeluje u brojim fiziološkim i metaboličkim procesima u organizmu životinja i ljudi. Brojna su područja i regije u svijetu poznati po nedostatku selena u tlima, a samim time i u usjevima/proizvodima, što se odražava i na njegov nedostatak u životinja i ljudi. Posljednjih se godina sve više pozornosti poklanja iznalaženju optimalne metode/postupka u cilju obogaćivanja proizvoda selenom. Konzumacijom animalnih proizvoda obogaćenih selenom u humanoj prehrani moguće je zadovoljiti njihove nutritivne potrebe za selenom. Cilj ovoga rada je analizom i sintezom dostupne literature istražiti: (I) važnost selena za životinje i ljude, (II) sadržaj selena u mlijeku preživača s posebnim naglaskom na mlijeko malih preživača (ovaca i koza), (III) metode/postupke u procesu obogaćivanja mlijeka malih preživača selenom i to prije svega onih s naglaskom na hranidbeno modeliranje i prirodne postupke te (IV) neke od mogućnosti uporabe obogaćenoga mlijeka selenom u prehrani ljudi. Zaključno se može reći da su metode/ postupci usmjereni u obogaćivanje mlijeka malih preživača selenom za preporuku. Prije svega su to dodavanje organskih izvora selena u hranu ili provođenje postupka biofortifikacije krmiva selenom koji slovi kao prirodni postupak čime se postižu pozitivni učinci na zdravlje životinja, kao i pozitivni učinci pri konzumaciji mlijeka obogaćenoga selenom i u ljudi, osobito pri dužem nedostatku selena u hrani.Selenium is an important trace element that participates in numerous physiological and metabolic processes in animals and human organism. Many areas in the world are known for its lack of selenium in soil, and in crops/products, which is then reflected in its deficiency in animals and humans. In recent years, more attention has been paid to finding the optimal method/procedure in order to enrich the product with selenium. By consuming animal products enriched with selenium in the human diet, it is possible to meet their nutritional needs for selenium. By analyzing the available literature, the aim of this paper is to research: (I) the importance of selenium for animals and humans; (II) the selenium content in ruminants ´ milk with special emphasis on small ruminants milk (sheep and goats); (III) methods/procedures in enrichment of small ruminants´ milk with selenium, especially those with an emphasis on nutritional modeling and natural methods; and (IV) some of the possibilities of using milk enriched with selenium in human nutrition. In conclusion, the methods/procedures aimed at enrichment of small ruminants milk with selenium can be recommended. This includes the addition of organic sources of selenium in the diet, or biofortification of feed with selenium, also known as a natural process which may lead to positive effects on animal health, as well as positive effects on humans when consuming milk enriched with selenium, especially when selenium deficiency is prolonged

Metabolički profil krvi i acido-bazni status ovaca travničke pramenke u ekstenzivnom proizvodnom sustavu

The research aimed to determine the blood metabolic profile and acid-base status of lactating Travnik ewes in an extensive production system. The research was carried out on 108 lactating Travnik ewes, with an average age of 3-4 years, in their 3rd lactation. The ewes were kept on pasture, and had water and animal salt ad libitum. Hematological indicators were determined in whole blood, biochemical parameters in serum, and acid-base status was determined in plasma. The determined average values of hematological parameters were mostly within reference values, except the lower MCHC content and higher MCV content, which indicates the instability of erythrocyte constants. Average mineral concentrations were within the reference values, except for Ca and Fe concentrations which were lower and were influenced by higher milk excretion. Most of the biochemical indicators, enzyme activity, and indicators of the acid-base balance of lactating Travnik ewes’ blood were within the reference values. A high concentration of urea above the reference values was found, and concentrations of total proteins, albumins, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides at the upper limit or above the reference values were determined. Slightly lower GPx activity and higher SOD activity above reference values were determined. These indicators point to energy deficit, as well as poor grazing quality, and a lack of selenium in pasture plant species. When determining the blood metabolic profile of lactating Travnik ewes, the obtained results of the research should be considered, and they should be included in the development of reference values for the Travnik sheep breed.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi metabolički profil krvi i acido-bazni status ovaca travničke pramenke u ekstenzivnom proizvodnom sustavu. Istraživanje je provedeno na 108 ovaca travničke pramenke prosječne dobi 3 – 4 godine, u trećoj laktaciji. Ovce su boravile na pašnjaku, a vodu i stočnu sol imale su ad libitum. Hematološki pokazatelji određeni su u punoj krvi, biokemijski pokazatelji u serumu, a acido-bazni status u plazmi. Utvrđene prosječne vrijednosti hematoloških pokazatelja bile su u najvećoj mjeri u fiziološkim granicama, osim manje prosječne vrijednosti MCHC-a te veće vrijednosti MCV-a, što upućuje na nestabilnost eritrocitnih konstanti. Prosječne koncentracije minerala bile su u granicama referentnih vrijednosti, osim koncentracija kalcija i željeza koje su bile manje, a pod utjecajem su većeg izlučivanja mlijekom. Većina biokemijskih pokazatelja, aktivnosti enzima i pokazatelja acido-bazne ravnoteže krvi ovaca travničke pramenke bila je u granicama referentnih vrijednosti. Treba naglasiti utvrđenu veću koncentraciju uree te na gornjoj granici ili veće od referentnih vrijednosti koncentracije albumina, ukupnih proteina, ukupnog kolesterola, HDL i LDL-kolesterola i triglicerida, kao i manju aktivnost GPx te nešto veću SOD-a. To upućuje na energetski deficit te kvalitetu paše i nedostatak selena. Pri utvrđivanju metaboličkog profila travničke pramenke u obzir treba uzeti rezultate dobivenih istraživanja te ih uvažavati pri izradi referentnih vrijednosti za ovu pasminu

PROMJENA ACIDOBAZNE RAVNOTEŽE KRVI U LAKON OVACA TIJEKOM RAZLIČITIH STADIJA LAKTACIJE

The aim of the present study was to determine the acid-base balance in the blood of the Lacaune sheep during different lactation stages. Thirty lactating Lacaune sheep were involved in the research, and were monitored in the early (day 60), medium (day 120), and late lactation stages (day 180). The following parameters were determined in the blood plasma: pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide – pCO2, partial pressure of oxygen – pO2, total pressure of carbon dioxide – tCO2, oxygen saturation – sO2, actual base excess Cbase – B, standard base excess Cbase – Ecf and electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and HCO3- – bicarbonate), while total proteins – TP and albumin ALB were determined in the serum. Also, strong ion difference - SID, z value, anion gap - AG, weak anions, and cations - ATOTtp and ATOTalb, strong ion gap - SIG, unmeasured anions – XA and globulin concentrations were calculated. A significant effect of the lactation stage on most of the acid-base parameters in the blood of the Lacaune sheep was determined, except for pCO2, Cl-, z values and the SID. A significant increase of pO2, sO2, ATOTtp, ATOTalb, AG, SIGalb, SIGtp, XA, Na+, total proteins and albumins, as well as the decreased concentrations of K+ and Ca2+, were determined in the blood of the Lacaune sheep during lactation. During the medium stage of lactation, significant changes were determined in most of the acid-base parameters in the blood of the Lacaune sheep when compared to the other stages. A lactation stage may significantly affect the acid-base balance parameters in the blood of the Lacaune sheep, although the calculations of SIG, base excess (BE), and unmeasured anion (XA) values should also be included for the obtainment of a more comprehensive picture of the acid-base balance.Cilj rada bio je utvrditi acidobaznu ravnotežu u krvi lakon ovaca tijekom različitih stadija laktacije. Za istraživanje je odabrano 30 lakon ovaca u laktaciji, koje su praćene u ranome (60. dan), srednjem (120. dan) i kasnom stadiju laktacije (180. dan). U krvnoj plazmi utvrđeni su pH, parcijalni tlak ugljičnoga dioksida (pCO2), parcijalni tlak kisika (pO2), ukupni tlak ugljičnoga dioksida (tCO2), saturacija kisikom (sO2), stvarni i standardni višak baza (Ea i Ecf) i elektroliti (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- i HCO3 - – bikarbonati), a u serumu ukupni proteini (TP) i albumini (ALB). Također su izračunane sljedeće vrijednosti: razlika jakih iona (SID), z-vrijednost, anionski procjep (AG), slabi anioni i kationi (ATOTtp and ATOTalb), jaki ionski procjep (SIG), nemjereni anioni (XA) i koncentracije globulina. Utvrđen je značajan utjecaj stadija laktacije na većinu pokazatelja acidobazne ravnoteže u krvi lakon ovaca, osim sadržaja pCO2, Cl- , z-vrijednosti i SID-a. Utvrđeno je značajno povećanje sadržaja pO2, sO2, ATOTtp, ATOTalb, AG, SIGalb, SIGtp, XA, Na+, ukupnih proteina i albumina te smanjenje koncentracija K+ i Ca2+ u krvi lakon ovaca kako je laktacija odmicala kraju. Tijekom srednjega stadija laktacije utvrđene su značajne promjene većine pokazatelja acidobazne ravnoteže krvi lakon ovce u odnosu na druge stadije. Stadij laktacije može značajno utjecati na pokazatelje acidobazne ravnoteže krvi lakon ovaca te bi za potpuniju sliku pri izradi acidobazne ravnoteže trebalo uključiti i izračun SIG-a, viška baza (BE) i nemjerenih aniona (XA)

The influence of nucleotides, soy protein and individual amino acids in the starter mixture on external characteristics of calves

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti učinak dodavanja sojinog proteina, nukleotida te pojedinačnih aminokiselina u starter smjesu za telad na eksterijerne odlike i tjelesnu masu teladi. Pokus je proveden na 20 životinja ravnomjerno raspoređenih u dvije skupine, kontrolnu (K) i pokusnu (P) pri čemu je u svakoj skupini bio ujednačen omjer muške i ženske teladi. Istraživanje je trajalo od teljenja do prosječne starosne dobi od 91 dana. Praćenje tjelesnih mjera izvršeno je u četiri navrata uz pomoć Lydtinova štapa i mjerne vrpce. Mjerenje i vaganje provedeno je 6., 24., 50. i 91. dana prosječne starosti. Određivani su sljedeći pokazatelji: tjelesna masa, dužina tijela, visina grebena, opseg trupa, opseg prsa, širina prsa, dubina prsa, visina kuka te širina kuka. Na temelju dobivenih vrijednosti tjelesnih mjera izračunati su indeks anamorfoznosti, tjelesne kompaktnosti te indeks tjelesne dužine i prsa. Telad se napajala svježim nepasteriziranim punomasnim mlijekom u dva obroka dnevno, 3 L ujutro i 3 L navečer. Čvrsta hrana u obliku peletirane starter smjese i voda ponuđeni su ad libitum od četvrtog dana starosti do prosječne starosti od 63 dana. U starter smjesu pokusne skupine dodani su nukleotidi kvasaca, sojin proteinski koncentrat te dvije limitirajuće aminokiseline – metionin i lizin. Nakon toga, telad se hranila jednom dnevno s prijelaznim obrokom kroz 3 dana. Telad iz obje skupine je do 91. dana starosti hranjena jednom dnevno obrokom u obliku TMR-a. Ukupna ponuđena količina obroka bila je 4,1 kg ST/ tele/ dan. Kod dobivenih rezultata statistički značajna razlika nije utvrđena za promatrane pokazatelje, jedino vrijednosti indeksa anamorfoznosti imaju tendenciju viših vrijednosti (P = 0,055) kod kontrolne skupine. Prema dobivenim rezultatima zaključuje se kako dodavanje sojinog proteina, nukleotida te limitirajućih aminokiselina nije značajno utjecalo na većinu promatranih pokazatelja kod teladi te su potrebna daljnja istraživanja kako bi se utvrdio njihov učinak.The aim of this research was to compare the effect of adding soy protein, nucleotides and individual amino acids to the starter mixture for calves on the external characteristics and body weight of calves. The experiment was conducted on 20 animals evenly distributed in two groups, control (K) and experimental (P), where each group had an even ratio of male and female calves. The research lasted from calving to the average age of 91 days. Monitoring of body measurements was performed on four occasions with the help of Lydtin’s stick and measuring tape. Measurements and weighing were performed at 6, 24, 50 and 91 days of average age. The following indicators were determined: body mass, body length, withers height, body barel, chest girth, chest width, chest depth, hip height and hip width. Based on the obtained values of body measurements, the index of anamorphosis, body compactness and body length-chest were calculated. Calves were fed fresh unpasteurized whole milk in two meals a day, 3 L in the morning and 3 L in the evening. Solid food in the form of pelleted starter mixture and water were offered ad libitum from the fourth day of age until the average age of 63 days. Yeast nucleotides, soy protein concentrate and two limiting amino acids, methionine and lysine, were added to the starter mixture of the experimental group. After that, the calves were fed once a day a transitional meal for 3 days. Calves from both groups were fed TMR once a day until the 91st day of age. The total amount of ration offered was 4.1 kg DM/calf/day. In the obtained results, no statistically significant difference was found for the observed indicators, only the values of the anamorphosis index tend to be higher (P = 0.055) in the control group. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the addition of soy protein, nucleotides and limiting amino acids did not significantly affect most of the observed indicators in calves. Further research is needed to determine their effect