Pro- and antioxidants and risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in the elderly

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an increasing global problem carrying heavy social and economic costs. Coronary heart disease is responsible for about 50% of cardiovascular mortality, which itselfs accounts for 30-50% of all deaths in developed nations t. It is the major cause of premature death, in women as in men - women lagging behind men by some ten years in this age-related disease. Knowledge on risk factors for CHD has accumulated in recent years. Research evidence now lends strong support to the view that CHD is in part preventable by reduction of modifiable risk factors. The greater the number of risk factors known to be causally related to the disease, the greater the power to reduce the disease burden in the community by reducing the levels of such pathogenic risk factors, though depending on the modifiability of the risk factors and their strength related to disease. Diet is among the modifiable risk factors and provides a simple and non-pharmacologic method for prevention of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease

Оценка влияния горных работ на формирование поля напряжений и деформирование выработок в условиях шахты «Нестор»

Наведено результати аналітичних та експериментальних досліджень з оцінки впливу гірничих робіт на напружено-деформований стан покрівлі в умовах шахти «Нестор».The results of analytical and experimental studies on the impact of mining on the stress-strain state of the roof in the mine "Nestor"

Sex differences in risk factor management of coronary heart disease across three regions

Objective To investigate whether there are sex differences in risk factor management of patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD), and to assess demographic variations of any potential sex differences. Methods Patients with CHD were recruited from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East between 2012-2013. Adherence to guideline-recommended treatment and lifestyle targets was assessed and summarised as a Cardiovascular Health Index Score (CHIS). Age-adjusted regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for women versus men in risk factor management. Results 10 112 patients (29% women) were included. Compared with men, women were less likely to achieve targets for total cholesterol (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.59), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.64), and glucose (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.87), or to be physically active (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.81) or non-obese (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.90). In contrast, women had better control of blood pressure (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.44) and were more likely to be a non-smoker (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.22) than men. Overall, women were less likely than men to achieve all treatment targets (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.93) or obtain an adequate CHIS (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.91), but no significant differences were found for all lifestyle targets (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.02). Sex disparities in reaching treatment targets were smaller in Europe than in Asia and the Middle East. Women in Asia were more likely than men to reach lifestyle targets, with opposing results in Europe and the Middle East. Conclusions Risk factor management for the secondary prevention of CHD was generally worse in women than in men. The magnitude and direction of the sex differences varied by region

Dietary antioxidants and risk of myocardial infarction in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have shown dietary antioxidants to be inversely correlated with ischemic heart disease. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether dietary beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E were related to the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in an elderly population. DESIGN: The study sample consisted of 4802 participants of the Rotterdam Study aged 55-95 y who were free of MI at baseline and for whom dietary data assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were available. During a 4-y follow-up period, 124 subjects had an MI. The association between energy-adjusted beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E intakes and risk of MI was examined by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Risk of MI for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of beta-carotene intake was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.83; P for trend = 0.013), adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, pack-years, income, education, alcohol intake, energy-adjusted intakes of vitamin C and E, and use of antioxidative vitamin supplements. When beta-carotene intakes from supplements were considered, the inverse relation with risk of MI was slightly more pronounced. Stratifica

Serum ferritin and risk of myocardial infarction in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study

BACKGROUND: Elevated body iron stores have been suggested to be a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether elevated serum ferritin concentrations, other indicators of iron status, and dietary iron affected the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in an elderly population. DESIGN: A nested, case-control study of 60 patients who had their first MI and 112 age- and sex-matched control subjects embedded in the population-based cohort of the Rotterdam Study. RESULTS: The age- and sex-adjusted risk of MI for subjects with serum ferritin concentrations > or = 200 microg/L was 1.82 (95% CI: 0.90, 3.69; P = 0.096). The odds ratio (OR) was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.64; P = 0.078) for the highest tertile of serum ferritin and was only slightly altered in a multivariate model. Risk of MI associated with the highest tertile of ferritin was most evident in current or former smokers (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.47; P for trend = 0.008) and in subjects with hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.11; P for trend = 0.056) or diabetes (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.12, 7.67; P for trend = 0.027). No association with risk of MI was observed for tertiles of serum iron, serum transferrin, or total dietary iron. For dietary heme iron, risk of MI was significantly increased in a multivariate model in which dietary energy, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol were adjusted for (OR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.17, 15.87; P for trend = 0.031). CONCLUSION: In the presence of other risk factors, serum ferritin may adversely affect ischemic heart disease risk in the elderly