The Effects of Internal Stress and Lithium Transport on Fracture in Storage Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Fracture of storage particles is considered to be one of the major reasons for capacity fade and increasing power loss in Li-ion batteries. In this work, we tackle the problem by merging a coupled model of mechanical stress and diffusion of Li-ions with a phase field description of an evolving crack. The novel approach allows us to study the evolution of the Li concentration together with the initiation and growth of a crack in an arbitrary geometry and without presuming a specific crack path

High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis – Technology and Modeling

In the global quest to renounce from fossil fuels, a large demand for the renewable production of hydrogen via water electrolysis exists. In this context, the solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) is an interesting technology due to its high efficiency resulting from elevated operating temperatures of up to 900 °C. Physical modeling plays a vital role in the development of SOEs, as it lowers experimental costs and provides insight where measurements reach limits. A main challenge for modeling SOEs is the multitude of physical effects, occurring and interacting on various spatial and temporal scales. This requires assumptions and simplifications, particularly when increasing scope and dimensions of a model. In this review, we discuss the different approaches currently available in literature

A Modified Electrochemical Model to Account for Mechanical Effects Due to Lithium Intercalation and External Pressure

For a battery cell, both the porosity of the electrodes/separator and the transport distance of charged species can evolve due to mechanical deformation arising from either lithium intercalation-induced swelling and contraction of the active particles or externally applied mechanical loading. To describe accurately the coupling between mechanical deformation and the cell\u27s electrochemical response, we extend Newman\u27s DualFoil model to allow variable, non-uniform porosities in both electrodes and the separator, which are dynamically updated based on the electrochemical and mechanical states of the battery cell. In addition, the finite deformation theory from continuum mechanics is used to modify the electrochemical transport equations to account for the change of the charged species transport distance. The proposed coupled electrochemomechanical model is tested with a parameterized commercial cell. Our simulation results confirm that mass conservation is satisfied with the new formulation. We further show that mechanical effects have a significant impact on the cell\u27s electrochemical response at high charge/discharge rates

anti-Tricyclo­[4.2.1.12,5]deca-3,7-diene-9-endo,10-endo-diol

The title compound, C10H12O2, was synthesized as a candidate for further functionalization. The asymmetric unit comprises two independent mol­ecules, both of which are situated on a center of symmetry. Both mol­ecules are involved in a network of hydrogen bonding, with each alcohol group participating in one hydrogen bond as a donor and in a second hydrogen bond as an acceptor

The Effects of Internal Stress and Lithium Transport on Fracture in Storage Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Fracture of storage particles is considered to be one of the major reasons for capacity fade and increasing power loss in Li-ion batteries. In this work, we tackle the problem by merging a coupled model of mechanical stress and diffusion of Li-ions with a phase field description of an evolving crack. The novel approach allows us to study the evolution of the Li concentration together with the initiation and growth of a crack in an arbitrary geometry and without presuming a specific crack path