RELATION OF SWIMMING PROPULSION AND MUSCLE FORCE MOMENT

Based on 3D video analyses of swimming movements new hypotheses on the mechanisms of propulsion could be deduced. Applying the hydrodynamic basic equation the forces at the limbs were estimated and the joint moments were calculated by summing across the body segments. These muscle force moments are related to the velocity of the centre of gravity of the body (eG) as a measure for the propu'lsion within a movement cycle. Simultaneously they serve as controlling data for dry land strength training

Crucial role of SLP-76 and ADAP for neutrophil recruitment in mouse kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Neutrophils trigger inflammation-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), a frequent and potentially lethal occurrence in humans. Molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation have proved elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that SLP-76 (SH2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kD) and ADAP (adhesion and degranulation promoting adaptor protein) are involved in E-selectin-mediated integrin activation and slow leukocyte rolling, which promotes ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI in mice. By using genetically engineered mice and transduced Slp76(-/-) primary leukocytes, we demonstrate that ADAP as well as two N-terminal-located tyrosines and the SH2 domain of SLP-76 are required for downstream signaling and slow leukocyte rolling. The Tec family kinase Bruton tyrosine kinase is downstream of SLP-76 and, together with ADAP, regulates PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ)- and PLCγ2 (phospholipase Cγ2)-dependent pathways. Blocking both pathways completely abolishes integrin affinity and avidity regulation. Thus, SLP-76 and ADAP are involved in E-selectin-mediated integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment to inflamed kidneys, which may underlie the development of life-threatening ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI in humans

“Nobody has the answer, but we need some map, even to go into the unknown”: A Conversation with Arjun Appadurai on Research, Speculation and Future Thinking

Arjun Appadurai is a cultural- anthropologist born in Mumbai (1949) and based between New York, where he is Paulette Goddard Professor in Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University, and Berlin, where he is currently Mercator Fellow at the International Research Training Group Temporalities of Future in Latin America at the Freie Universität Berlin, funded by the German Research Foundation DFG.In this conversation, PhD candidates at the IRTG Elis de Aquino and Luis Kliche address some of the different and diverse themes that occupy Appadurai’s career, from digital capitalism to education, as well as Appadurai’s experience with Latin American researchers and institutions, in an exercise to imagine the possible future horizons at the global and local level.This interview was carried out online in December 2020

PRINCIPLE AND TVVO FORMS OF SWIMMING PROPULSION

Propulsion in water is primarily done by generating torque in the shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle. To do this water resistance is used as support. By the of arm movements the body is pulled through the water, by the leg movements it is pushed. Locomotion is also found without any direct backward motion of the water

Supertertiary protein structure affects an allosteric network

The notion that protein function is allosterically regulated by structural or dynamic changes in proteins has been extensively investigated in several protein domains in isolation. In particular, PDZ domains have represented a paradigm for these studies, despite providing conflicting results. Furthermore, it is still unknown how the association between protein domains in supramodules, consitituting so-called supertertiary structures, affects allosteric networks. Here, we experimentally mapped the allosteric network in a PDZ:ligand complex, both in isolation and in the context of a supramodular structure, and show that allosteric networks in a PDZ domain are highly dependent on the supertertiary structure in which they are present. This striking sensitivity of allosteric networks to the presence of adjacent protein domains is likely a common property of supertertiary structures in proteins. Our findings have general implications for prediction of allosteric networks from primary and tertiary structures and for quantitative descriptions of allostery

Child Abuse Reporting by Mandated Reporters in Schools

Child maltreatment has proven to be a mainstream issue in the United States, with millions of children being referred to state welfare systems for investigation or alternative response intervention. Research has identified mandated reporters as being responsible for reporting the majority of these cases. Amongst those identified as mandated reporters, education personnel refer the greatest number of children for suspicion of child abuse or neglect, partly because of their ongoing contact daily; however, many of the cases they report are unsubstantiated. Past research findings have concluded that mandated reporters in schools lacked proper child abuse training. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of training for child abuse reporting with mandated reporters in schools in relation to consistency in reporting of child abuse. Prosocial behavior theory underpinned the research. A semistructured interview was used for data collected from a sample of 10 school professionals. Analysis used a modified van Kaam method, with active processes and member checking for confirming data trustworthiness. Key findings of this study included that school professionals’ felt the need for ongoing training throughout the school year, rather than an annual update. Desired training would include more information regarding the process of identifying reportable child abuse, along with safely managing relationships between parent and school during the process. Results of this research may provide information for contributing to the training process and content made available to increase consistent reporting by these mandated school reporters leading to positive social change