Fibroblasts in Sjögren’s Syndrome

The Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the exocrine glands, leading to dryness of mucosal surfaces, and often to severe systemic manifestations. Here, the immunomodulatory function of fibroblasts derived from salivary glands, a primary site affected by the Sjögren’s syndrome, is discussed. Specific subsets of these fibroblasts drive the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, which are associated with severe disease and which constitute a risk factor for the development of lymphoma in Sjögren’s syndrome. Single cell RNA-sequencing has provided new insights into subsets of fibroblasts in inflamed salivary glands and has provided evidence for the existence of shared inflammation-associated fibroblasts across chronically inflamed tissues. These findings support the concept of targeting the fibroblast compartment in Sjögren’s syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases. In addition to the immunomodulatory role of fibroblasts, the interaction of the epithelium with fibroblasts is essential for salivary gland homeostasis. Fibroblasts provide essential signals for the regeneration of salivary gland epithelial cells, which is disturbed in Sjögren’s syndrome, and leading to the loss of saliva secreting cells and subsequent hyposalivation

Eine Stärkung des globalhistorischen Ansatzes im Geschichtsunterricht: Chance oder Herausforderung für die Praxis des Geschichtsunterrichts?

Das Thema des Kommentars ist die globalgeschichtliche Perspektive und ihre Relevanz für das historische Lernen bzw. wie diese im Geschichtsunterricht eingenommen werden kann. Es wird argumentiert, dass der Geschichtsunterricht zentrale Probleme der Menschheit adressieren solle und dass insbesondere der postkoloniale Ansatz dafür große Chancen bietet. Abschließend wird untersucht, ob die globalgeschichtliche Perspektive eher als Herausforderung oder Chance für den Geschichtsunterricht zu sehen ist.Subject is the global historical perspective - its relevance for historical learning and how to implement it in history teaching. In this context, the fundamental problems of humanity are of central significance and it becomes clear, that especially the postcolonial approach gets a chance to be implemented. Finaly, it is examined, whether the global historical perspective is rather to be considered as challenge or chance for history teaching

Behavioral effects of nonconscious mimicry and social intentions: A Reverse Engineered Pitch

Using the pitching research template elaborated by Faff (2017) as basis, this paper discusses the reverse engineering process on the article “Behavioural effects of nonconscious mimicry and social intentions” by Wong, Hartley and Tombs (2017). The main objective is to reflect on the reverse engineering exercise while including major findings of the paper itemized. This paper adds an additional angle on the reverse engineering process, the pitching research template and Robert Faff’s efforts in creating a comprehensive research base

Die Beurteilung von Casein und dessen Derivaten, die zur Festigung von Malschichten und als Überzüge auf mineralischen Untergründen zur Anwendung kamen

[no abstract

Downregulation of FGF Signaling by Spry4 Overexpression Leads to Shape Impairment, Enamel Irregularities, and Delayed Signaling Center Formation in the Mouse Molar.

FGF signaling plays a critical role in tooth development, and mutations in modulators of this pathway produce a number of striking phenotypes. However, many aspects of the role of the FGF pathway in regulating the morphological features and the mineral quality of the dentition remain unknown. Here, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the FGF negative feedback regulator Sprouty4 under the epithelial keratin 14 promoter (K14-Spry4) to achieve downregulation of signaling in the epithelium. This led to highly penetrant defects affecting both cusp morphology and the enamel layer. We characterized the phenotype of erupted molars, identified a developmental delay in K14-Spry4 transgenic embryos, and linked this with changes in the tooth developmental sequence. These data further delineate the role of FGF signaling in the development of the dentition and implicate the pathway in the regulation of tooth mineralization. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research