1,099 research outputs found
Classical calculation of relativistic frequency-shifts in an ideal Penning trap
The ideal Penning trap consists of a uniform magnetic field and an
electrostatic quadrupole potential. In the classical low-energy limit, the
three characteristic eigenfrequencies of a charged particle trapped in this
configuration do not depend on the amplitudes of the three eigenmotions. No
matter how accurate the experimental realization of the ideal Penning trap, its
harmonicity is ultimately compromised by special relativity. Using a classical
formalism of first-order perturbation theory, we calculate the relativistic
frequency-shifts associated with the motional degrees of freedom for a spinless
particle stored in an ideal Penning trap, and we compare the results with the
simple but surprisingly accurate model of relativistic mass-increase.Comment: 8 pages, 0 figures, 1 table; Accepted manuscript subsequently
published with a slightly extended description of the perturbative metho
Perspektiven der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge: Endbericht ; Studie im Auftrag der Wirtschaftskammer Wien
aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Executive Summary; Einleitung; AbschĂ€tzung der zukĂŒnftigen Bedeutung der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge; Möglichkeiten der Erweiterung der Anspruchsberechtigten fĂŒr eine betriebliche Altersvorsorge; Steuerliche Behandlung der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge; Erfolgsbeteiligung von Arbeitnehmern als Instrument der betrieblichen Altersvorsorge; Zusammenfassung; Literaturverzeichnis; Tabellenverzeichnis; Abbildungsverzeichnis
Mittelfristige Prognose der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2009-2013: Jahresmodell LIMA/05 ; Ăkonometrisches Forschungsprogramm des Instituts fĂŒr Höhere Studien
aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung und Zusammenfassung; Die internationale Konjunktur; Die österreichische AuĂenwirtschaft; Perspektiven der Inlandskonjunktur; MonetĂ€re Prognose; Tabellenanhang
A note on some asymptotic properties of the logarithmic series distribution
SUMMARYFormulae are given to calculate S(x, R) = âÎŁrâR+1 x7/r9 the remainder term in the logarithmic series, which are valid for high values of R and values of x close to unity. These are of value when dealing with extreme values of the parameters appearing in the logarithmic series distribution such as have arisen in C. B. William's recent study of the possible distribution of the number per species for all the insects in the world. Bounds are given for the errors involved when making the recommended approximations. The calculation of the median of the distribution is also discussed
Prognose der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2010-2012: Jahresmodell LIMA/05 ; Ăkonometrisches Forschungsprogramm des Instituts fĂŒr Höhere Studien
aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung und Zusammenfassung; Die internationale Konjunktur; Die österreichische AuĂenwirtschaft; Perspektiven der Inlandskonjunktur; MonetĂ€re Prognose; Tabellenanhang
Prognose der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2008-2009: Jahresmodell LIMA/05 ; Ăkonometrisches Forschungsprogramm des Instituts fĂŒr Höhere Studien
aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung und Zusammenfassung; Die internationale Konjunktur; Die österreichische AuĂenwirtschaft; Perspektiven der Inlandskonjunktur; MonetĂ€re Prognose; Tabellenanhang
Spatially Resolved Ballistic Optoelectronic Transport Measured by Quantized Photocurrent Spectroscopy
Prognose der österreichischen Wirtschaft 2009-2010: Jahresmodell LIMA/05 ; Ăkonometrisches Forschungsprogramm des Instituts fĂŒr Höhere Studien
aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung und Zusammenfassung; Die internationale Konjunktur; Die österreichische AuĂenwirtschaft; Perspektiven der Inlandskonjunktur; MonetĂ€re Prognose; Tabellenanhang
Differential Cell Sensitivity between OTA and LPS upon Releasing TNF-α
The release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by ochratoxin A (OTA) was studied in various macrophage and non-macrophage cell lines and compared with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a standard TNF-α release agent. Cells were exposed either to 0, 2.5 or 12.5 ”mol/L OTA, or to 0.1 ”g/mL LPS, for up to 24 h. OTA at 2.5 ”mol/L and LPS at 0.1 ”g/mL were not toxic to the tested cells as indicated by viability markers. TNF-α was detected in the incubated cell medium of rat Kupffer cells, peritoneal rat macrophages, and the mouse monocyte macrophage cell line J774A.1: TNF-α concentrations were 1,000 pg/mL, 1,560 pg/mL, and 650 pg/mL, respectively, for 2.5 ”mol/L OTA exposure and 3,000 pg/mL, 2,600 pg/mL, and 2,115 pg/mL, respectively, for LPS exposure. Rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, rat hepatocytes, human HepG2 cells, and mouse L929 cells lacked any cytokine response to OTA, but showed a significant release of TNF-α after LPS exposure, with the exception of HepG2 cells. In non-responsive cell lines, OTA lacked both any activation of NF-ÎșB or the translocation of activated NF-ÎșB to the cell nucleus, i.e., in mouse L929 cells. In J774A.1 cells, OTA mediated TNF-α release via the pRaf/MEK 1/2-NF-ÎșB and p38-NF-ÎșB pathways, whereas LPS used pRaf/MEK 1/2âNF-ÎșB, but not p38-NF-ÎșB pathways. In contrast, in L929 cells, LPS used other pathways to activate NF-ÎșB. Our data indicate that only macrophages and macrophage derived cells respond to OTA and are considered as sources for TNF-α release upon OTA exposure
Azacitidine front-line in 339 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia: comparison of French-American-British and World Health Organization classifications
- âŠ