Klejnoty i odzież w świetle kobiecych testamentów szlacheckich z terenu Wielkopolski (XVII wiek)

During the Old Polish period, wills of the nobility were made to transfer property to the beneficiary heirs, revealing evident family relationships. The testators frequently included the record regarding movable possessions, e. g., such as jewels and clothing. The wills of noblewomen show that women had movable assets intended for children, grandchildren, husbands, or siblings. The jewels and clothing mentioned in the records to testified their financial standing. Among the most commonly traded precious items are gold and silver, including chains, pearls, rings, bracelets, and earrings. The wills included various types of outerwear such as coats, cloaks, yupkas, and undergarments such as dresses, skirts and alamodes. Headgear, including caps, hems, and clasps, were also often mentioned in testaments. The testators also had clothing accessories, such as belts, dress sleeves, aprons, cottons, and silver or gilded buttons.W okresie staropolskim testamenty szlacheckie spisywano w celu przepisania majątku na rzecz spadkobierców. Widoczne były także relacje panujące w rodzinie. Testatorki często decydowały się na zapis ruchomości, wśród których znajdowały się m. in. klejnoty i odzież. Testamenty szlachcianek pokazują, że kobiety dysponowały ruchomościami na rzecz dzieci, wnuków, małżonków czy rodzeństwa. Wymieniane w aktach ostatniej woli klejnoty i odzież świadczyły także o ich pozycji majątkowej. Do najczęściej wymienianych klejnotów należą złote i srebrne: łańcuchy, perły, pierścienie, manele i zausznice. Wśród legowanej odzieży wierzchniej znajdowały się płaszcze, szuby, jupki, a z odzieży spodniej zapisywały sukienki, spódnice, alamody. W testamentach pojawiały się także nakrycia głowy, w tym różnego rodzaju czapki, rąbki i podwiki. Testatorki dysponowały również różnego rodzaju dodatkami do odzieży. Wymieniano pasy i paski, rękawy do sukni, fartuchy, bawełnice oraz guzy wykonane zwykle ze srebra lub pozłacane

Inelastic Neutron and X-ray Scattering from Incommensurate Magnetic Systems

Neutrons and X-rays are powerful probes for studying magnetic and lattice excitations in strongly correlated materials over very wide ranges of momentum and energy transfers. In the focus of the present work are the incommensurate magnetic systems MnSi and Cr. Under application of a magnetic field, helically ordered MnSi transforms into a weak itinerant ferromagnet. Using polarized neutrons we demonstrate that the Stoner excitations are spin flip excitations. The amplitude (longitudinal) fluctuations associated with the magnon modes are already strong far away from T_C. Interestingly, even the non spin flip excitations associated with the Stoner modes are observable. In Cr, we have observed Kohn anomalies in the phonon spectrum at those incommensurate positions in reciprocal space, where the spin density wave is observed. The corresponding phonon and magnon modes are not coupled. In addition, an anomalous softening of a transverse phonon branch along the N-H zone boundary line is observed that is caused by strong electron phonon coupling. High resolution neutron scattering indicate that the low energy Fincher-Burke excitations may rather correspond to localized modes in momentum and energy and not to propagating collective modes. Finally, we demonstrate that in the near future it may become feasible to investigate excitations in very small samples thus allowing to measure the dynamics of strongly correlated materials under extreme conditions and in the vicinity of quantum phase transitions

Fault tolerant model predictive control of open channels

Automated control of water systems (irrigation canals, navigation canals, rivers etc.) relies on the measured data. The control action is calculated, in case of feedback controller, directly from the on-line measured data. If the measured data is corrupted, the calculated control action will have a different effect than it is desired. Therefore, it is crucial that the feedback controller receives good quality measurement data. On-line fault detection techniques can be applied in order to detect the faulty data and correct it. After the detection and correction of the sensor data, the controller should be able to still maintain the set point of the system. In this paper this principle using the sensor fault masking is applied to model predictive control of open channels. A case study of a reach of the northwest of the inland navigation network of France is presented. Model predictive control and water level sensor masking is applied.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version