Development and implementation of a clinical pathway approach to simulation-based training for foregut surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Contemporary demands on resident education call for integration of simulation. We designed and implemented a simulation-based curriculum for Post Graduate Year 1 surgery residents to teach technical and nontechnical skills within a clinical pathway approach for a foregut surgery patient, from outpatient visit through surgery and postoperative follow-up. METHODS: The 3-day curriculum for groups of 6 residents comprises a combination of standardized patient encounters, didactic sessions, and hands-on training. The curriculum is underpinned by a summative simulation pathway repeated on days 1 and 3. The pathway is a series of simulated preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative encounters in following up a single patient through a disease process. The resident sees a standardized patient in the clinic presenting with distal gastric cancer and then enters an operating room to perform a gastrojejunostomy on a porcine tissue model. Finally, the resident engages in a simulated postoperative visit. All encounters are rated by faculty members and the residents themselves, using standardized assessment forms endorsed by the American Board of Surgery. RESULTS: A total of 18 first-year residents underwent this curriculum. Faculty ratings of overall operative performance significantly improved following the 3-day module. Ratings of preoperative and postoperative performance were not significantly changed in 3 days. Resident self-ratings significantly improved for all encounters assessed, as did reported confidence in meeting the defined learning objectives. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional surgical simulation training focuses on technical skills in isolation. Our novel pathway curriculum targets an important gap in training methodologies by placing both technical and nontechnical skills in their clinical context as part of managing a surgical patient. Results indicate consistent improvements in assessments of performance as well as confidence and support its continued usage to educate surgery residents in foregut surgery

Anisotropic Optic Conductivities due to Spin and Orbital Orderings in LaVO3 and YVO3: First-Principles Studies

The anisotropy of low energy (0$\sim$5eV) optical excitations in strongly correlated transition-metal oxides is closely related to the spin and orbital orderings. The recent successes of LDA+$U$ method in describing the magnetic and electronic structures enable us to calculate the optical conductivity from first-principles. The LaVO$_3$ and YVO$_3$, both of which have $3d^2$ configuration and have various spin and orbital ordered phases at low temperature, show distinct anisotropy in the optical spectra. The effects of spin and orbital ordering on the anisotropy are studied in detail based on our first-principles calculations. The experimental spectra of both compounds at low temperature phases can be qualitatively explained with our calculations, while the studies for the intermediate temperature phase of YVO$_3$ suggest the substantial persistence of the low temperature phase at elevated temperature.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by PR

SwiftR HEV Throttle Control System

This project aims to provide a simple, robust, and low-cost control system for\ud the SwiftR HEV that is transparent to the driver. Implemented on an Altera MAX\ud programmable logic device, the system monitors vehicle speed via a tachometer pulse\ud signal and controls the throttle resistance input to the existing motor controllers\ud (manufactured by Roanoke Controls). A digital potentiometer chip (DS 1267) is used to\ud increment or decrement the throttle setting. For electrical safety, the entire system is\ud powered by the main battery pack and isolated from the vehicle chassis. The system\ud correctly tracks motor speed and varies the throttle accordingly