Die Cholecystektomie und die Adrenalektomie in Single Port-Technik - Ergebnisse aus dem Klinikum St. Georg in Leipzig

Die Single Port-Operationsmethode stellt eine neue Technik auf dem Gebiet der Minimal-invasiven Chirurgie dar. Hierbei werden operative Eingriffe über nur einen Zugang durchgeführt. Über diese Minimalisierung des Zugangstraumas werden die Ziele eines besseren kosmetischen Ergebnisses durch weniger und kleinere Narben, einer schnelleren Rekonvaleszenz mit kürzerer Hospitalisierung und einer daraus resultierenden höheren Patientenzufriedenheit verfolgt. In dieser Arbeit wurde diese Operationsmethode anhand von Patienten evaluiert, die sich einer Cholecystektomie oder einer Adrenalektomie in Single Port-Technik am Klinikum St. Georg in Leipzig unterzogen. Zur Analyse der potentiellen Vor- und Nachteile dieser Methode wurden die intra- und postoperativen Daten der Patienten retrospektiv ausgewertet und es fanden Nachuntersuchungen statt. Im Rahmen dieser Nachuntersuchungen wurde das kosmetische Ergebnis der Operationsnarben anhand der Vancouver Scar Scale beurteilt. Weiterhin kam zu der Beantwortung zweier Fragebögen durch die Patienten, bei denen die postoperative Lebensqualität und die subjektive Patientenzufriedenheit ermittelt wurde. In der Auswertung aller Ergebnisse zeigte sich, dass es sich bei dem Single Port-Verfahren innerhalb unseres Patientenkollektivs um eine gut durchführbare und sichere Technik handelt, die mit einem verbesserten kosmetischen Ergebnis und einer sehr hohen Patientenzufriedenheit einhergeht. Nachteilig steht dem eine derzeitig noch signifikant längere Operationszeit, bedingt durch die anspruchsvollere operative Handhabung und die höheren Materialkosten gegenüber

Untersuchung der Superflare-Aktivität bei sonnenartigen Sternen

During the last centuries historic observations revealed the magnetic activity of the sun. The large-scaled poloidal magnetic field reverses during a cycle of about 11 years. Especially during the maximum of particular cycles, dark sunspots can occur on the solar surface, which can store a huge amount of magnetic energy. If magnetic reconnection happens in the solar atmosphere, strong explosions and eruptions of material can be generated, which are called Flares. It is of special interest to study numerous stars with properties similar to the sun to draw meaningful statistics on flares in high energy ranges. In previous studies the first 120 d and 500 d of Kepler-data have been investigated (Maehara u. a., 2012; Shibayama u. a., 2013). It could be shown, that sun-like stars are able to create flares which are one to six orders of magnitude larger than the strongest events on the sun (called superflares). These results provide a challenge for theorists working on hydrodynamical dynamo-models of partly convective stars with spectral type similar to the sun. This thesis presents a data analysis for the full data-set of Kepler-observations (observation time span 3,4 yr). A special aim of this work is to estimate an absolute and relative superflare frequency for sun-like Kepler-stars and to compare these results with the sun. Results of a rough reinvestigation of several so far known sun-like superflare stars are presented which turn out the necessity for a more detailed analysis strategy. A key aspect of the improved data analysis is to minimize the false alarm probability. Using the sample of sun-like stars within the Kepler field of view, a relative superflare frequency of one event per 100 yr for superflares with energies up to 1034 erg was estimated which is more than one order of magnitude larger than in previous studies

No variations in transit times for Qatar-1 b

The transiting hot Jupiter planet Qatar-1 b was presented to exhibit variations in transit times that could be of perturbative nature. A hot Jupiter with a planetary companion on a nearby orbit would constitute an unprecedented planetary configuration, important for theories of formation and evolution of planetary systems. We performed a photometric follow-up campaign to confirm or refute transit timing variations. We extend the baseline of transit observations by acquiring 18 new transit light curves acquired with 0.6-2.0 m telescopes. These photometric time series, together with data available in the literature, were analyzed in a homogenous way to derive reliable transit parameters and their uncertainties. We show that the dataset of transit times is consistent with a linear ephemeris leaving no hint for any periodic variations with a range of 1 min. We find no compelling evidence for the existence of a close-in planetary companion to Qatar-1 b. This finding is in line with a paradigm that hot Jupiters are not components of compact multi-planetary systems. Based on dynamical simulations, we place tighter constraints on a mass of any fictitious nearby planet in the system. Furthermore, new transit light curves allowed us to redetermine system parameters with the precision better than that reported in previous studies. Our values generally agree with previous determinations.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Transit Timing Analysis in the HAT-P-32 system

We present the results of 45 transit observations obtained for the transiting exoplanet HAT-P-32b. The transits have been observed using several telescopes mainly throughout the YETI network. In 25 cases, complete transit light curves with a timing precision better than $1.4\:$min have been obtained. These light curves have been used to refine the system properties, namely inclination $i$, planet-to-star radius ratio $R_\textrm{p}/R_\textrm{s}$, and the ratio between the semimajor axis and the stellar radius $a/R_\textrm{s}$. First analyses by Hartman et al. (2011) suggest the existence of a second planet in the system, thus we tried to find an additional body using the transit timing variation (TTV) technique. Taking also literature data points into account, we can explain all mid-transit times by refining the linear ephemeris by 21ms. Thus we can exclude TTV amplitudes of more than $\sim1.5$min.Comment: MNRAS accepted; 13 pages, 10 figure

Job satisfaction of foreign-national physicians working in patient care: a cross-sectional study in Saxony, Germany

Background: Physician migration is gaining attention worldwide. Despite increasing numbers of foreign physicians in Germany, their perceptions on working in Germany remain unexplored. Within a large survey on Saxon physicians, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether foreign-national physicians’ job satisfaction differed from German physicians'' job satisfaction. Methods: The study was designed as a comprehensive cross-sectional survey. All physicians ≤40 years and registered with the State Chamber of Physicians of Saxony (n = 5956) were mailed a paper-pencil questionnaire, of which 2357 were returned (response rate = 40 %). Questionnaires addressed socio demographics and assessed job satisfaction by asking participants to rate their satisfaction with the overall job situation and 20 different aspects on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very dissatisfied to 5 = very satisfied). Results: Ten percent of participants were foreign-national physicians. The three main countries of origin were the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland. Foreign-national physicians were more satisfied with aspects related to patient care, such as "possibility to treat patients as you deem optimal" and "relationship with patients". However, they were less satisfied with aspects related to human relations, such as "work atmosphere", relationship with co-workers, and "social status". Foreign-national physicians were also less satisfied with the aspect "work enjoyment". Conclusions: Further research on determinants promoting foreign-national physicians'' job satisfaction is needed as their professional well-being may influence quality of patient care. Measures teaching cross-cultural competence and awareness may be beneficial for both foreign-national and German physicians