Development of a short-length turbojet combustor Summary report, 3 Jun. 1965 - 18 Apr. 1967

Performance tests of short length, gas turbine combustors with atomized or vaporized fuel injectio

Physico-chemical stability of flaxseed oil with natural antioxidant mixtures during heating

An optimization study has been carried-out to evaluate synergistic effects of natural antioxidants on physico-chemical characteristics of flaxseed oil during heating. Results showed that the use of oleoresin rosemary extract, sage extract and citric acid improved the stability of the oil during 20 times of frying. This study also revealed that the addition of these antioxidants effectively retarded flaxseed oil deterioration after as early as 5 times of frying of potato chips. Analyses from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) indicated that for all physico-chemical characteristics of flaxseed oil evaluated, all mathematical models or equations could be developed with high confidence, where all R2 values greater than 0.87. From this study, the highest R2 (0.98) was shown by yellow colour, followed by absorbance at 268 nm (0.97), saturated /unsaturated fatty acid ratio (0.95), absorbance at 232 nm (0.93), and AnV (0.92). R2 values for four other parameters were 0.88 (PV and IV) and 0.87 (FFA and red colour). This meant that the R2 values obtained from this study were all satisfactory and considered accurate enough, not only for prediction purposes, but also for optimization purposes

Nutritional Status of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Objectives. This is a pilot study of the dietary intake and nutrient status of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method. Nutritional assessment of 43 children aged 6–12 with ADHD was performed using a 3-day food record, 24-hour recall, and serum assessors. Results. Macronutrient intake and consumption of Low-Nutrient Foods were comparable to population norms; however, 66% were found to be deficient in zinc and 23% in copper. Conclusions. This pilot study reports the food intake and nutrient status of children with ADHD and shows a predisposition for low zinc and copper status in ADHD

Fatty acid, mineral and heavy metal contents of different Malaysia fish species

Fish are popularly recognized as an excellent source of lipids that are composed of a wide range of important fatty acids. Fish also contain good quality protein and are an adequate source of many vitamins (e.g. fat soluble A, D, E and the water soluble B-complex), in addition to important minerals such as calcium and phosphorous. We recently investigated the fatty acid (FA) profiles, mineral and heavy metal contents of 13 different species of commonly consumed, wild marine fin-fish found off Langkawi Island, a popular Malaysian tourist destination. The fish species were “jenahak” (Lutjanus agentimaculatus), “kebasi” (Anadontostoma chacunda), “duri” (Arius umatranus), “tenggiri batang” (Scomberomorus commersonii), “kembong” (Rastrelliger kanagurta), “kintan” (Psettodes crumei), “kerisi” (Pristipomoides typus), “kerapu” (Epinephelus sexfasciatus), “gelama keling” (Sciaena dussumieri),“malong” (Congresax talabon), “laban” (Cynoglossus lingua), “yu 9” (Scolidon sorrakowah) and “bagi” (Aacnthurs nigrosis). The overall findings reveal that all fish showed a considerable amount of unsaturated fatty acids particularly those with 4, 5 and 6 double bonds. Two physiologically important n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docasahaexaenoic acid (DHA), made up more than 50% of the total PUFAs. It can be concluded that fin fish found in Langkawi Island coastal areas are beneficial for human health as they have considerable amounts of PUFAs, especially AA and DHA fatty acids. In the case of heavy metal analysis, the result reveals the safety of the consumption of fish from the human health point of vie

Complete Genomic Sequence of Bacteriophage B3, a Mu-Like Phage of \u3ci\u3ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u3c/i\u3e

Bacteriophage B3 is a transposable phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this report, we present the complete DNA sequence and annotation of the B3 genome. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the B3 genome is 38,439 bp long with a G+C content of 63.3%. The genome contains 59 proposed open reading frames (ORFs) organized into at least three operons. Of these ORFs, the predicted proteins from 41 ORFs (68%) display significant similarity to other phage or bacterial proteins. Many of the predicted B3 proteins are homologous to those encoded by the early genes and head genes of Mu and Mu-like prophages found in sequenced bacterial genomes. Only two of the predicted B3 tail proteins are homologous to other well-characterized phage tail proteins; however, several Mu-like prophages and transposable phage D3112 encode approximately 10 highly similar proteins in their predicted tail gene regions. Comparison of the B3 genomic organization with that of Mu revealed evidence of multiple genetic rearrangements, the most notable being the inversion of the proposed B3 immunity/early gene region, the loss of Mu-like tail genes, and an extreme leftward shift of the B3 DNA modification gene cluster. These differences illustrate and support the widely held view that tailed phages are genetic mosaics arising by the exchange of functional modules within a diverse genetic pool

Synergistic effect of rosemary, sage and citric acid on fatty acid retention of heated flaxseed oil

A study to optimize the use of oleoresin rosemary extract (OR), sage extract (OS) and citric acid (CA) in flaxseed oil during heating was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the natural antioxidants used in this study retarded oil deterioration, as evidenced by retention of fatty acids profiles. Results from this study revealed that the addition of OR and OS effectively retarded flaxseed oil deterioration after 20 times of frying of potato chips. Five type of fatty acids, namely C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were found in the oil, with all fatty acids having very good correlations with addition of natural antioxidants used during the frying. Mathematical models to predict the fatty acid composition of flaxseed oil after the frying could be developed with high confidence for all types of fatty acids. Therefore, for optimization purposes, the use of the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was chosen because it covers all individual fatty acids present in the oil. After 20 fryings, the ratio best predicted the efficacy of natural antioxidants in preserving flaxseed oil with R2 of 0.954. Further analysis showed that after 20 fryings, all three antioxidants had a significant effect on the ratio. Based on these results, a combination of 0.064% oleoresin rosemary extract, 0.061 sage extract and 0.041% citric acid can be recommended for use in flaxseed oil before deep-fat frying

Application of an Equilibrium Vaporization Model to the Ablation of Chondritic and Achondritic Meteoroids

We modeled equilibrium vaporization of chondritic and achondritic materials using the MAGMA code. We calculated both instantaneous and integrated element abundances of Na, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Si, Ti, and K in chondritic and achondritic meteors. Our results are qualitatively consistent with observations of meteor spectra.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; in press, Earth, Moon, and Planets, Meteoroids 2004 conference proceeding

L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate supplementation increases blood folate concentrations to a greater extent than folic acid supplementation in Malaysian women

Background: Folic acid fortification of grains is mandated in many countries to prevent neural tube defects. Concerns regarding excessive intakes of folic acid have been raised. A synthetic analog of the circulating form of folate, l-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (l-5-MTHF), may be a potential alternative. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of folic acid or l-5-MTHF supplementation on blood folate concentrations, methyl nutrient metabolites, and DNA methylation in women living in Malaysia, where there is no mandatory fortification policy. Methods: In a 12-wk, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial, healthy Malaysian women (n = 142, aged 20–45 y) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the following supplements daily: 1 mg (2.27 μmol) folic acid, 1.13 mg (2.27 μmol) l-5-MTHF, or a placebo. The primary outcomes were plasma and RBC folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations. Secondary outcomes included plasma total homocysteine, total cysteine, methionine, betaine, and choline concentrations and monocyte long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) methylation. Results: The folic acid and l-5-MTHF groups had higher (P < 0.001) RBC folate (mean ± SD: 1498 ± 580 and 1951 ± 496 nmol/L, respectively) and plasma folate [median (25th, 75th percentiles): 40.1 nmol/L (24.9, 52.7 nmol/L) and 52.0 nmol/L (42.7, 73.1 nmol/L), respectively] concentrations compared with RBC folate (958 ± 345 nmol/L) and plasma folate [12.6 nmol/L (8.80, 17.0 nmol/L)] concentrations in the placebo group at 12 wk. The l-5-MTHF group had higher RBC folate (1951 ± 496 nmol/L; P = 0.003) and plasma folate [52.0 nmol/L (42.7, 73.1 nmol/L); P = 0.023] at 12 wk than did the folic acid group [RBC folate, 1498 ± 580 nmol/L; plasma folate, 40.1 nmol/L (24.9, 52.7 nmol/L)]. The folic acid and l-5-MTHF groups had 17% and 15%, respectively, lower (P < 0.001) plasma total homocysteine concentrations than did the placebo group at 12 wk; there were no differences between the folic acid and l-5-MTHF groups. No differences in plasma vitamin B-12, total cysteine, methionine, betaine, and choline and monocyte LINE-1 methylation were observed. Conclusion: These findings suggest differential effects of l-5-MTHF compared with folic acid supplementation on blood folate concentrations but no differences on plasma total homocysteine lowering in Malaysian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01584050