Value and Meaning Determinants of Professional Responsibility in Ordinary Representations of Russians

Background. The study of the value-meaning aspect of notions of professional responsibility is due to their potential impact on the efficiency of work and on psychological well-being of a specialist. The analysis of literary sources showed insufficient development of the emotional component of the studied phenomenon. Objectives. The article focuses on carrying out a structural and informative analysis of the views of Internet users on professional responsibility as well as on selecting value-meaning factors from the general context of representations. Study Participants. Users of the social network VKontakte and specialized Internet forums participated in the study. The number of author’s texts analysed was 1010. Each participant submitted one communication, i.e. the number of participants corresponds to the number of texts and amounts to 1,010 people. The total number of messages included 800 texts from the social network and 210 texts from the Internet forums. Methods. The study of ordinary representations of Internet users about professional responsibility is conducted with the help of statistical analysis of word occurrence frequency (PyMorphy2). Classification of the analyzed units (nouns, verbs, adjectives) is made on the basis of statistical processing and expert evaluation, structural elements of the phenomenon of “professional responsibility” and its value-meaning characteristics are shown. The analysis of contingency on the basis of testing with corpus of Russian language dataset RuTweetCorp, based on Bernoulli distribution, neuronetwork model of analysis of emotional background of messages (FastText), neuronetwork model Dostoevsky and dataset RuSentiment. Results. The conducted analysis allowed to present the structure of “professional responsibility”, to reveal cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. The study identified a fourth meta-structural component, never previously identified by other authors, which is related to the “God” construct. The value-meaning patterns of professional responsibility have been identified and described. The analysis of the emotional background of the messages made it possible to highlight the trend towards negative assessments of the phenomenon of “professional responsibility” at the current stage of society development. Conclusions. The approach proposed in the study allows to reveal the psychological essence of professional responsibility, to highlight the importance of the emotional component in the strategies of acceptance/avoidance of responsibility. The equation of professional responsibility with personal responsibility of a specialist has been revealed, while the notions of national, social, and corporate responsibility are manifested insignificantly. The study of professional responsibility through the value-meaning aspect can become the basis for analysis of social behavior in a person as a whole in the future

Structural and biochemical characterization of the exopolysaccharide deacetylase Agd3 required for Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm formation

The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is an important virulence factor of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Deletion of a gene encoding a putative deacetylase, Agd3, leads to defects in GAG deacetylation, biofilm formation, and virulence. Here, we show that Agd3 deacetylates GAG in a metal-dependent manner, and is the founding member of carbohydrate esterase family CE18. The active site is formed by four catalytic motifs that are essential for activity. The structure of Agd3 includes an elongated substrate-binding cleft formed by a carbohydrate binding module (CBM) that is the founding member of CBM family 87. Agd3 homologues are encoded in previously unidentified putative bacterial exopolysaccharide biosynthetic operons and in other fungal genomes. The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is an important virulence factor of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, the authors study an A. fumigatus enzyme that deacetylates GAG in a metal-dependent manner and constitutes a founding member of a new carbohydrate esterase family.Bio-organic Synthesi

Stone Age Yersinia pestis genomes shed light on the early evolution, diversity, and ecology of plague

The bacterial pathogenYersinia pestisgave rise to devastating outbreaks throughouthuman history, and ancient DNA evidence has shown it afflicted human populations asfar back as the Neolithic.Y. pestisgenomes recovered from the Eurasian Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age (LNBA) period have uncovered key evolutionary steps that led to itsemergence from aYersinia pseudotuberculosis-like progenitor; however, the number ofreconstructed LNBA genomes are too few to explore its diversity during this criticalperiod of development. Here, we present 17Y. pestisgenomes dating to 5,000 to 2,500y BP from a wide geographic expanse across Eurasia. This increased dataset enabled usto explore correlations between temporal, geographical, and genetic distance. Ourresults suggest a nonflea-adapted and potentially extinct single lineage that persistedover millennia without significant parallel diversification, accompanied by rapid dis-persal across continents throughout this period, a trend not observed in other pathogensfor which ancient genomes are available. A stepwise pattern of gene loss provides fur-ther clues on its early evolution and potential adaptation. We also discover the presenceof theflea-adapted form ofY. pestisin Bronze Age Iberia, previously only identified inin the Caucasus and the Volga regions, suggesting a much wider geographic spread ofthis form ofY. pestis. Together, these data reveal the dynamic nature of plague’s forma-tive years in terms of its early evolution and ecology