1,137 research outputs found
Itinerant-localized dual character of a strongly-correlated superfluid Bose gas in an optical lattice
We investigate a strongly-correlated Bose gas in an optical lattice.
Extending the standard-basis operator method developed by Haley and Erdos to a
boson Hubbard model, we calculate excitation spectra in the superfluid phase,
as well as in the Mott insulating phase, at T=0. In the Mott phase, the
excitation spectrum has a finite energy gap, reflecting the localized character
of atoms. In the superfluid phase, the excitation spectrum is shown to have an
itinerant-localized dual structure, where the gapless Bogoliubov mode (which
describes the itinerant character of superfluid atoms) and a band with a finite
energy gap coexist. We also show that the rf-tunneling current measurement
would give a useful information about the duality of a strongly-correlated
superfluid Bose gas near the superfluid-insulator transition.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Neutrino-driven explosions twenty years after SN1987A
The neutrino-heating mechanism remains a viable possibility for the cause of
the explosion in a wide mass range of supernova progenitors. This is
demonstrated by recent two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with detailed,
energy-dependent neutrino transport. Neutrino-driven explosions were not only
found for stars in the range of 8-10 solar masses with ONeMg cores and in case
of the iron core collapse of a progenitor with 11 solar masses, but also for a
``typical'' progenitor model of 15 solar masses. For such more massive stars,
however, the explosion occurs significantly later than so far thought, and is
crucially supported by large-amplitude bipolar oscillations due to the
nonradial standing accretion shock instability (SASI), whose low (dipole and
quadrupole) modes can develop large growth rates in conditions where convective
instability is damped or even suppressed. The dominance of low-mode deformation
at the time of shock revival has been recognized as a possible explanation of
large pulsar kicks and of large-scale mixing phenomena observed in supernovae
like SN 1987A.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures; review proceeding for "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years
After: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters" AIP, New York, eds. S. Immler, K.W.
Weiler, and R. McCra
Core-Collapse Supernovae: Modeling between Pragmatism and Perfectionism
We briefly summarize recent efforts in Garching for modeling stellar core
collapse and post-bounce evolution in one and two dimensions. The transport of
neutrinos of all flavors is treated by iteratively solving the coupled system
of frequency-dependent moment equations together with a model Boltzmann
equation which provides the closure. A variety of progenitor stars, different
nuclear equations of state, stellar rotation, and global asymmetries due to
large-mode hydrodynamic instabilities have been investigated to ascertain the
road to finally successful, convectively supported neutrino-driven explosions.Comment: 8 pages, contribution to Procs. 12th Workshop on Nuclear
Astrophysics, Ringberg Castle, March 22-27, 200
Fast Hamiltonian sampling for large scale structure inference
In this work we present a new and efficient Bayesian method for nonlinear
three dimensional large scale structure inference. We employ a Hamiltonian
Monte Carlo (HMC) sampler to obtain samples from a multivariate highly
non-Gaussian lognormal Poissonian density posterior given a set of
observations. The HMC allows us to take into account the nonlinear relations
between the observations and the underlying density field which we seek to
recover. As the HMC provides a sampled representation of the density posterior
any desired statistical summary, such as the mean, mode or variance, can be
calculated from the set of samples. Further, it permits us to seamlessly
propagate non-Gaussian uncertainty information to any final quantity inferred
from the set of samples. The developed method is extensively tested in a
variety of test scenarios, taking into account a highly structured survey
geometry and selection effects. Tests with a mock galaxy catalog based on the
millennium run show that the method is able to recover the filamentary
structure of the nonlinear density field. The results further demonstrate the
feasibility of non-Gaussian sampling in high dimensional spaces, as required
for precision nonlinear large scale structure inference. The HMC is a flexible
and efficient method, which permits for simple extension and incorporation of
additional observational constraints. Thus, the method presented here provides
an efficient and flexible basis for future high precision large scale structure
inference.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
The cross-frequency mediation mechanism of intracortical information transactions
In a seminal paper by von Stein and Sarnthein (2000), it was hypothesized
that "bottom-up" information processing of "content" elicits local, high
frequency (beta-gamma) oscillations, whereas "top-down" processing is
"contextual", characterized by large scale integration spanning distant
cortical regions, and implemented by slower frequency (theta-alpha)
oscillations. This corresponds to a mechanism of cortical information
transactions, where synchronization of beta-gamma oscillations between distant
cortical regions is mediated by widespread theta-alpha oscillations. It is the
aim of this paper to express this hypothesis quantitatively, in terms of a
model that will allow testing this type of information transaction mechanism.
The basic methodology used here corresponds to statistical mediation analysis,
originally developed by (Baron and Kenny 1986). We generalize the classical
mediator model to the case of multivariate complex-valued data, consisting of
the discrete Fourier transform coefficients of signals of electric neuronal
activity, at different frequencies, and at different cortical locations. The
"mediation effect" is quantified here in a novel way, as the product of "dual
frequency RV-coupling coefficients", that were introduced in (Pascual-Marqui et
al 2016, http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.05343). Relevant statistical procedures are
presented for testing the cross-frequency mediation mechanism in general, and
in particular for testing the von Stein & Sarnthein hypothesis.Comment: https://doi.org/10.1101/119362 licensed as CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
International license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Luminescence properties of piezoelectric single crystals with langasite structure
ArticleJOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE. 122: 205-207 (2007)journal articl
The Cosmic Web from Perturbation Theory
Context: Analyzing the large-scale structure (LSS) with galaxy surveys
demands accurate structure formation models. Such models should ideally be fast
and have a clear theoretical framework to rapidly scan a variety of
cosmological parameter spaces without requiring large training data sets. Aims:
This study aims to extend Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT), including
viscosity and vorticity, to reproduce the cosmic evolution from dark matter
N-body calculations at the field level. Methods: We extend LPT to an Eulerian
framework, dubbed eALPT. An ultraviolet regularisation through the spherical
collapse model provided by Augmented LPT, turns out to be crucial at low
redshifts. This enables modelling the stress tensor, with this introducing
vorticity. The model has two free parameters apart from the choice of
cosmology, redshift snapshots, cosmic volume, and the number of
particles-cells. Results: We find that the cross-correlation of the dark matter
distribution as compared to N-body solvers increases at Mpc
and from 55\% with the Zel'dovich approximation (70\% with
ALPT), to 95\% with three timesteps eALPT, and power spectra within
percentage accuracy up to Mpc.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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