マイクロファイナンス ト チンジョウ コウドウ インド バンガロール ノウソン ケン ノ ソンミン シュウカイ ノ ジレイ カラ

This paper inquires into political behavior of microfinance members at Gram Sabha meetings in Bangalore Rural District, India. The field research data of participatory observation conducted from Jan to Feb, 2006, show that poor women of microfinance groups tried to take political actions as unusual way when they need to have direct contact with government officials and political leaders. Poor women always acted in obedience to patriarchal norms and abstained from addressing any contentions in public meetings. They moved to petition their government officials only when formal procedures of Gram Sabha meetings had been finished. According to State Human Development Report published by Government of Karnataka in 2006, poor women engaging in microfinance activity have become much self-confident owing to their rich experiences of business negotiations with bankers and other stakeholders. As far as the findings of the field survey, however, poor women\u27s success in economic activities has not changed their mind to make the same political claims as men do in Gram Sabha. Most of poor women prefer informal group petition to formal public allegation. Several factors may affect their unique political attitudes. First, poor women are careful not to act ageinst traditional and ideal image of Hindu women, which is typically portrayed as Sita in Ramayana. Secondly, they do not have any political ambitions to acquire agenda-controlling power of Gram Sabha meeting. Finally, their political aims can be fulfilled only by informal group petition. Poor women have the advantage of group action because they have mutual trust nurtured by microfinance activities. The above suppositions on poor women\u27s petitions are analyzed in depth with observation data and interview records, especially referring to the recent political context of revitalizing Gram Sabha institution in India

Quantitative study of near equilibrium in dissociative mechanism of nickel in silicon

The dissociative mechanism of nickel in silicon has been studied experimentally, assuming the near equilibrium represented by CiCV / Cs = Ci eq C eq / Cs eq , where subscripts i, V, and s represent interstitial nickel atoms, vacancies, and substitutional nickel atoms, respectively, superscript eq represents the thermal equilibrium, and CA is the concentration of component A. However, the assumption of the near equilibrium has not yet been verified experimentally, because it is difficult to measure CV in silicon. In the present work, the simultaneous diffusion equations of the dissociative mechanism of nickel in silicon are solved numerically by double-precision FORTRAN without assuming the near equilibrium under the condition of in-diffusion of nickel into a silicon specimen, and the establishment of the near equilibrium is verified. It is also clarified that the near equilibrium is a transitional process which continues until the thermal equilibrium is reached. After the near equilibrium is reached, the very small difference of two nearly equal terms is an important factor in solving the diffusion equations. In other words, high accuracy is necessary to solve the diffusion equations. Concerning this, it is verified that the accuracy of double-precision FORTRAN is sufficiently high to solve the diffusion equations in the present work

1.Biominerals

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科　環境科学Editor : Tazaki, Kazue, Cover:Scanning electoron microscopic photograph of Gallionella sp. in biomats of Aso caldera, Kyusyu, Japan. Various shapes of Gallonella sp. are shown (image:Moriichi, Shingo).COE, 金沢大学 水・土壌環境領域シンポジウム「地球環境における微生物の役割」, 日時：2002年12月4日（水）13：00～, 場所：金沢大学理学部3階第一実験

Techniques for Structural Characterization of Amorphous Materials and an Application to Diatoms

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科Scedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto

Semantic Scene Difference Detection in Daily Life Patroling by Mobile Robots using Pre-Trained Large-Scale Vision-Language Model

It is important for daily life support robots to detect changes in their environment and perform tasks. In the field of anomaly detection in computer vision, probabilistic and deep learning methods have been used to calculate the image distance. These methods calculate distances by focusing on image pixels. In contrast, this study aims to detect semantic changes in the daily life environment using the current development of large-scale vision-language models. Using its Visual Question Answering (VQA) model, we propose a method to detect semantic changes by applying multiple questions to a reference image and a current image and obtaining answers in the form of sentences. Unlike deep learning-based methods in anomaly detection, this method does not require any training or fine-tuning, is not affected by noise, and is sensitive to semantic state changes in the real world. In our experiments, we demonstrated the effectiveness of this method by applying it to a patrol task in a real-life environment using a mobile robot, Fetch Mobile Manipulator. In the future, it may be possible to add explanatory power to changes in the daily life environment through spoken language.Comment: Accepted to 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2023