Required conditions for and coincident 1/1-mode activity associated with the nonlocal electron heat transport effect on TFTR

A database of 71 distinct and randomly collected cold pulse cases from TFTR is analyzed. Observations show a striking parameter regime cutoff for the presence of nonlocal transient transport and coincident MHD (1/1-mode) activity as well as for changes in the radial speed of the nonlocal transport effect and changes in the sawtooth period. A nontrivial link is demonstrated between electron heat transport and MHD properties through observation of a common cutoff in the parameter n{sub e}(0)/T{sub e}(0){sup 1/2} and a common threshold in injection size for radial speed and sawtooth period changes. Auxiliary heating (via energetic neutral beams) destroys whatever process is responsible for the nonlocal transport effect, unless the discharge contains significant amounts of injected tritium. These observations are preliminary, but they represent important circumstantial evidence for mysterious propagation of changes in some MHD-related phenomenon as being responsible for a large fraction of electron heat transport. This propagation is then probably a function of n{sub e}(0)/T{sub e}(0){sup 1/2}, ion mass, and possibly beam power. An analysis of Ohmic cases shows that the cutoff in n{sub e}(0)/T{sub e}{sup 1/2} indicates the nonlocal transport effects may occur when the electrons are collisionally thermally decoupled from the ions

Non-local heat transport, rotation reversals and up/down impurity density asymmetries in Alcator C-Mod ohmic L-mode plasmas

Several seemingly unrelated effects in Alcator C-Mod ohmic L-mode plasmas are shown to be closely connected: non-local heat transport, core toroidal rotation reversals, energy confinement saturation and up/down impurity density asymmetries. These phenomena all abruptly transform at a critical value of the collisionality. At low densities in the linear ohmic confinement regime, with collisionality ν[subscript *] ≤ 0.35 (evaluated inside of the q = 3/2 surface), heat transport exhibits non-local behaviour, core toroidal rotation is directed co-current, edge impurity density profiles are up/down symmetric and a turbulent feature in core density fluctuations with k[subscript θ] up to 15 cm[superscript −1] (k[subscript θ]ρ[subscript s] ~ 1) is present. At high density/collisionality with saturated ohmic confinement, electron thermal transport is diffusive, core rotation is in the counter-current direction, edge impurity density profiles are up/down asymmetric and the high k[subscript θ] turbulent feature is absent. The rotation reversal stagnation point (just inside of the q = 3/2 surface) coincides with the non-local electron temperature profile inversion radius. All of these observations suggest a possible unification in a model with trapped electron mode prevalence at low collisionality and ion temperature gradient mode domination at high collisionality.United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DE-FC02-99ER54512)United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (Postdoctoral Research Program

Safe and Healthy Para sport project (SHAPE): a study protocol of a complex intervention within Para sport

Elite Para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries, illnesses and other health issues. Despite this, there are few prevention programmes in Para sport, and many of the existing prevention programmes are not adapted to Para athletes. To improve the success of preventive measures, it has been suggested that sports safety work should facilitate health promotion, including athlete health education. Therefore, the overarching aim of this project is to evaluate an accessible health promotion web platform as part of a complex intervention that aims to improve knowledge of athlete health in Para sport. In this protocol, the development, future implementation and evaluation of the intervention are described. To inform the implementation and use of such interventions, it is recommended to involve end users in the development and implementation process. Therefore, a participatory design process, including athletes and the sports organisation, was used to develop an accessible health promotion web platform. To evaluate this complex intervention, a process evaluation combining quantitative evaluation assessing causal pathways with qualitative methods assessing multifaceted pathways will be used. The primary outcomes are injury/illness incidence, athlete health parameters, health literacy and user behaviour. A cohort of elite Para athletes (n=150) from Sweden and South Africa will be invited to participate. This project will be the first that aims to improve athlete health in Para sport through pragmatic and accessible health promotion. It is a boundary-crossing project that will be conducted in a real-world sport setting, including athletes with different socioeconomic backgrounds.</jats:p

Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sportâ The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2012

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147044/1/pmr2255.pd

Consensus statement on concussion in sport—the 5 th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016

The 2017 Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) consensus statement is designed to build on the principles outlined in the previous statements1–4 and to develop further conceptual understanding of sport-related concussion (SRC) using an expert consensus-based approach. This document is developed for physicians and healthcare providers who are involved in athlete care, whether at a recreational, elite or professional level. While agreement exists on the principal messages conveyed by this document, the authors acknowledge that the science of SRC is evolving and therefore individual management and return-to-play decisions remain in the realm of clinical judgement. This consensus document reflects the current state of knowledge and will need to be modified as new knowledge develops. It provides an overview of issues that may be of importance to healthcare providers involved in the management of SRC. This paper should be read in conjunction with the systematic reviews and methodology paper that accompany it. First and foremost, this document is intended to guide clinical practice; however, the authors feel that it can also help form the agenda for future research relevant to SRC by identifying knowledge gaps

The Concussion Recognition Tool 5th Edition (CRT5)

The Concussion Recognition Tool 5 (CRT5) is the most recent revision of the Pocket Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 that was initially introduced by the Concussion in Sport Group in 2005. The CRT5 is designed to assist non-medically trained individuals to recognise the signs and symptoms of possible sportrelated concussion and provides guidance for removing an athlete from play/sport and to seek medical attention. This paper presents the development of the CRT5 and highlights the differences between the CRT5 and prior versions of the instrument