Culture restrictions as a trigger to the society development : history and modernity

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to analyze cultural restrictions, taboos and bans inherent in society at any stage of its existence and their role in spiritual and intellectual transformations. Design/Methodology/Approach: For the purpose of investigating and classifying numerous cultural alternations which acted as a trigger to spiritual and intellectual transformations challenging a nation's cognitive potential it seems necessary to fulfill three conditions described in the text. Findings: The authors emphasized the fact that culture consists of several layers: spiritual, intellectual and technical. With the degradation of any of these layers culture suffers. The authors formulated the idea that such restrictions occuring in the society as censorship, for example, are likely to be relevant as long as the society itself exists and more over they present a rather stable element of a society. Practical Implications: The results may be implemented into sociocultural practices for better understanding of some main laws and cornerstones forming cultural foundations. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study lies in the emphasis of the role of culture, especially its spiritual layer represented by religion, morale, philosophy, literature, art, history, in quite natural and unavoidable technological development and progresses.peer-reviewe

ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF ANTERIOR VITREOUS CORTEX

Introduction. The vitreous body (VB) is limited  by anterior cortex (AC) layers, consisting of densely interconnected collagen fibers. There is no consensus regarding the structural AC organization and its relationship with the structures of the eyeball.Purpose. To study the anatomical and topographical features of the anterior cortical layers of VB.Material  and  methods.  We  developed an  original method  for contrasting the VB structures  using an ultra-fine Vitreokontrast suspension based on a water-insoluble inorganic salt of barium sulfate in the isotonic solution. The study was performed in 20 cadaveric donor eyes. the  original technology.  Dissection was carried  out  according to a proposed original technology. The scleral incision was made at a 4mm distance from the limbus along the circumference. Then we cut the sclera between the rectus muscles, then the petals of choroid and retina were formed, and also they were cut off. Then we cut the sclera between the rectus muscles, then the petals of choroid and retina were formed, and also cut them off. We stained the vitreous structures using the Vitreokontrast suspension with a sequential removal of the anterior cortex up to the posterior lens capsule.Results. After the cortex removal in the cadaveric donor eyes several membranous structures  (on an average of four) were detected with a covering the retrolental space with an ability to exfoliate, with sites of the attachment to the Wieger ligament and fibers of ciliary zonula and pars plana. After the removal of the membranous structures and their restaining a layer of vitreous fibers was contrasted on the posterior capsule of the lens in the area of Berger space projection. Conclusion. The study revealed no case of a true full anterior cortex detachment. The anterior cortex exfoliation occurred with the formation of a multilayer membranous structure, covering the posterior surface of lens and ciliary body.The presence of vitreous fibers closely associated with the posterior capsule of the lens in the projection area  of Berger space, allows to suppose a possibility of retrolental bag existence, one of walls of which is associated with the posterior lens capsule

Determination of the probability of the damage to the health of workers in aluminium production due to the exposure to toxic substances

In the electrolytic aluminium production fluorides in the form of hydrogen fluoride and solid fluorides, alumina-containing dust, carbon monoxide, resinous substances and benz(a)pyrene are released into the air of the working zone representing a hazard to the workers' health. The paper presents the results of the researches of the working conditions of the workers employed in the electrolytic aluminium production. The concentrations of toxic substances in the air of working areas of those engaged in anode works and electrolysis, and crane operators are given; on their basis the risks of occupational diseases (fluorosis), of acute toxic effects, of chronic intoxication, and of cancer are calculated. The average-shift concentrations of hydrogen fluoride in the air of working areas of those engaged in electrolysis are 0.40-0.46 MPC, soluble fluorine salts - 0.31-0.38 MPC, insoluble fluorine salts -0.08-0.09 MPC. In the air of the working areas of those engaged in anode works MPC excess is noted for the aerosols of mostly fibrogenic action - in 1.25 times, for resinous substances - in 1.10 times. In the air of the working areas of those engaged in electrolysis MPC excess for resinous substances is registered in 1.06 times. The average-shift concentration of insoluble fluorine salts, and carbon monoxide in the air of the working areas of those engaged in anode works and electrolysis and crane operators are within the MPC. The risk of occupational disease development (fluorosis) due to the air pollution of the working zone in the aluminium production for the workers of the major occupational groups is ranging from 0.045 to 0.0482. Hydrogen fluoride is the most hazardous contaminant in air of the working zone contributing more than 55 % to the risk of fluorosis. The risk of acute toxic effects for the workers of the major occupational groups associated with the achievement of the concentrations of the contaminants in the air of the working areas of their maximum values are ranging from 0.181 to 0.230

Problems of procedural rights abuse

In this article, the monographic and scientific publications, the practice of unfair realization of rights by the participants of the process are analyzed based on the analysis of certain international legal act

The assessment of blue lupine varieties according to productivity and adaptability in the conditions of Kirov region

The article provides the results of the comparative study of grain productivity of 7 blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties bred by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Lupine in the conditions of Kirov region on sod-podzolic light loamy soil. It has been established that the yield of the seeds of blue lupine varied 1.5-2 times over the years of cultivation (2000-2022) depending on the weather conditions. Over 3 years on the average the varieties Bryansky kormovoy and Siderat were the most productive, 46-287 and 281 g/m2, respectively. Even in extremely unfavorable for blue lupine 2022 (by environment condition index of 62) these varieties significantly exceeded the control (Vitayz – 135.8 g/m2) in yield, by 72.9 and 61.1 %. The coefficient of adaptability of the varieties Siderat 46, Smena, Uzkolistny 53, Bryansky kormovoy was over 100 %. The productivity structure elements of blue lupine, namely: the number of beans per plant, the number of grains per bean and mass of 1000 seeds depended on hydrothermal conditions of the growing period. Under favorable conditions the number of beans per plant and the size of seeds increased. The number of grains per bean was the most stable indicator. The average duration of the growing period of lupine varieties was 84-91 days. In hot and dry weather of 2022 the ripening began 5-7 days earlier than long-time average annual periods. The varieties with highly developed side branching had a longer growing period – Bryansky kormovoy, Uzkolistny 53 and. Vitayz. During the year favorable by hydrothermal conditions the raw protein content in lupine seeds was 30.8-36.5 %. In unfavorable years it decreased by 20-45 % depending on the variety

Современные представления о возможности применения антиангиогенных препаратов в качестве адъювантной терапии при неоваскулярной глаукоме

The article analyzes literature data on the use of modern antiangiogenic drugs in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) presenting information on the mechanisms of action of inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as adjuvant therapy in NVG, as well as the clinical effectiveness of these drugs in modulating the activity of ocular tissue healing processes after surgical treatment of glaucoma.The article also considers the results of studies on the use of VEGF inhibitors bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept by different routes of administration. Usage of these drugs is indicated to require taking into account the contraindications, as well as the possibility of side effects associated with the intravitreal route of drug administration. The effects of anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of NVG have been noted to be temporary and last 4–6 weeks, so the result of using a combination of these drugs and standard methods of treating the disease is assumed to be more pronounced and lasting.Выполнен анализ данных литературы о применении современных антиангиогенных лекарственных средств в лечении неоваскулярной глаукомы (НВГ). Приведены сведения о механизмах действия ингибиторов сосудистого фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF) в качестве адъювантной терапии при НВГ, а также клинической эффективности этих препаратов в отношении модулирования активности процессов заживления тканей глаза после хирургического лечения глаукомы.Рассмотрены результаты исследований применения ингибиторов VEGF: бевацизумаба, ранибизумаба и афлиберцепта при разных путях введения. Указано, что при использовании этих препаратов следует учитывать противопоказания к их применению, а также возможность возникновения побочных эффектов, связанных с интравитреальным путем введения. Отмечено, что эффекты анти-VEGF препаратов в лечении НВГ носят временный характер и длятся обычно 4–6 недель, в связи с этим предполагается, что более выраженным и длительным может быть результат использования комбинации этих лекарственных средств и стандартных методов лечения заболевания

Proliferative activity of salivary tumor cells

Salivary carcinomas comprise 2-3 % of malignant tumors of the head and neck. The basic method of morphological study in early diagnostics is aspiration puncture with a fine needle (FNAB). Complex histologic structure and great diversity of morphological items complicate cytologic diagnostics of salivary tumors considerably. Immunocytochemical examination must be used to reduce the errors, it enables to reveal neoplastic cells at early stages of malignization. High proliferative activity of tumor cells is one of their biological peculiarities. Accuracy in differential diagnostics between benign and malignant tumors is improved through determination of mitotic index combined with a fine needle aspiration puncture

Macro-microscopic study of posterior vitreous detachment variants in an ex vivo experiment

Purpose. The key to understanding the development of any vitreoretinal pathology is a presence of a clear conception to possible variants of changes in the anatomical and topographic relationships of the posterior cortical layers of the vitreous body and the retinal internal limiting membrane (ILM) in a formation of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).An original method of macro-microscopic examinations of anatomical objects proposed by professor V.P. Vorobyov, which includes investigations of morphological objects whose dimensions lie in the boundary area between macroscopic parameters studied by anatomists and microstructures studied by histologists, discover a new boundary area for the study of anatom ical structures.However, it has not been practically used in ophthalmology until now. The study of a process for changes in the vitreoretinal interface during the PVD occurrence is difficult due to a complexity of simulation, a possibility of visualization, and an absence of approved protocols for macro-microscopic research.Purpose. To study variants of anatomical and topographical changes in the vitreoretinal interface during the formation of induced PVD in ex vivo experiments using the method of macro-microscopic examination.Material and methods. The study was performed in 24 eyeballs of cadaver donors. To assess changes in the vitreoretinal interface in the process of PVD induction, an original method of dissection was used, that allows to isolate layer-by-layer the cortical layers of the vitreous body and the retinal ILM, with a possibility of further evaluation of changes in the vitreoretinal interface by the macro-microscopic examination. Salt barium sulfate suspension Video-contrast was used with the purpose to contrast vitreous fibers. Macroscopic investigation was carried out using the Topcon OMS-800 operating microscope with an indication from x8 to x21 magnification, microscopic changes were evaluated by the light microscopy method with x50, x100, x200, x400 x630 magnification using the Leica DM LB2 microscope with the subsequent photo r egistration.Results. During the macro-microscopic study, three variants of possible changes in the vitreoretinal interface during the development of induced PVD were revealed, which were interpreted as the normal (true) PVD and abnormal PVD, which occurred both with the formation (the variant A) of vitreoschisis zones (exfoliation of the cortical layers of the vitreous body) and with the zones of retinal ILM exfoliation (the variant B).Conclusion. The proposed method of macro-microscopic investigation of the vitreoretinal interface allows to dissect isolated sequentially layerby- layer the cortical layers of the vitreous body and the retinal ILM with subsequent fixation on a special substrate according to the original method and the possibility to carry out a histological section and its evaluation by the light m icroscopy method. The application of the developed method allows to accurately assess changes in the vitreoretinal interface on any isolated site of the vitreoretinal surface. The presented work demonstrates possibilities for the application of the method to detect variants of changes in the vitreoretinal interface within the formation of i nduced PVD

Estimation of carcinogenic risk for aluminium workers health

The research aim was the estimation of carcinogenic risk tor aluminium workers health. Average shift concentrations of resinous substances and benz(a)pyrene in working zone air were defined. The levels of carcinogenic risk which exceed admissible one in 2.5-2.84 times were calculated and were the largest ones in the workers engaged in electrolysis. The medical technology “The automated information system of occupational risk estimation for health of the workers of industrial tnterprises" was developed.Целью исследования явилась оценка канцерогенного риска для здоровья работников алюминиевого производства. Определены среднесменные концентрации смолистых веществ и 6енз(а)пирена в воздухе рабочей зоны. Рассчитаны уровни канцерогенного риска, которые превышают приемлемый в 2,5-2,84 раза и являются наибольшими у электролизников. Разработана медицинская технология ‘Автоматизированная информационная система оценки профессионального риска для здоровья работников промышленных предприятий”

Oil and gas:a blessing for the few. Hydrocarbons and inequality within regions in Russia

Building on earlier work on regional inequality in Russia the article seeks to demonstrate that the regional oil and gas abundance is associated with high within-region inequality. It provides empirical evidence that hydrocarbons represent one of the leading determinants of an increased gap between rich and poor in the producing regions. The discussion focuses on a possible cluster of geographic, economic and political factors underlying the phenomenon