(R1501) Rotational and Hall Current Effects on a Free Convection MHD Flow with Radiation and Inclined Magnetic Field

Rotational and Hall current effects on a free convection MHD flow with Radiation and inclined magnetic field are studied here. Electrically conducting, viscous, and incompressible fluid is taken. The flow is modelled with the help of partial differential equations. The analytical solutions for the velocity, concentration, and temperature are solved by the Laplace integral transform method. The outcomes acquired have been examined with the help of graphs drawn for different parameters like Hartmann number, Hall current parameter, inclination of magnetic field, angular velocity and radiation parameter, etc. The variation of the Nusselt number has been shown graphically. It is observed that Hall current parameter and inclination of magnetic field reduces the resistive effect of the applied external magnetic field. Such a study assumes importance because both rotation and Hall current induce secondary flow in the flow-field. The conclusion of the study may be useful in the field of solar physics, rotating magnetic stars, rotating MHD induction machine energy generator and many industrial applications

Morphometry and Geomorphological Investigations of the Neugal Watershed, Beas River Basin, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh Using GIS Tools

An attempt has been made to study the detailed morphometric and geomorphological characteristics of the Neugal Watershed, which is a part of the Beas River Basin, in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India.  For detailed study of this watershed, geographical information system (GIS) was used in the evaluation of slope, linear stream ordering and relief aspects of morphometric parameters and also in presentation of geomorphological subdivisions of the basin. Surface Tools in ArcGIS-10 software and ASTER (DEM) were used in the preparation of watershed boundary, slope-aspect and different thematic maps like drainage density, slope and relief. More than eight morphometric parameter of different aspects have been computed. It is observed that the stream frequency decreases as the stream order increases and the densities of 1st order streams are higher in the northern, southern and south-eastern part of the Neugal watershed area. Based on the relationship between absolute and relative relief in the study area, it can be indicated that the relative relief increases with the increase in the absolute relief and shows active correlation. In Neugal watershed, the slope is controlled by the structure, and the erosional processes which have resulted in varied landform leading to environmental hazards. Keywords: Morphometric parameters, Geomorphological analysis, Neugal watershed, Relief, Environmental hazard

Management of stripe rust of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using fungicides

Under field conditions, various fungicide molecules were validated for their effectiveness on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. consecutively for three years under artificial field epiphytotic conditions. Seven fungicides viz., propiconazole 25%EC (tilt @ 0.1%), tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (folicur @ 0.1%), triademefon 25%WP (bayleton @ 0.1%), propiconazole 25%EC (tilt @ 0.05%), tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (folicur @ 0.05%), triademefon 25%WP (bayleton@ 0.05%), and mancozeb 75%WP (dithane M45 @ 0.2%) with variousconcentrations were tested for their effectiveness in controlling barley stripe rust severity. All fungicide applications resulted in lower disease severity and higher grain yields than untreated check plots. All the fungicides @ 0.1% concentrations reduced disease severity ranging from 87.8% to 95.6% except Mancozeb @ 0.2% (34.4%). Significant higher yield was obtained with Propiconazole @ 0.1% (26.7 q/ha) followed by Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (25.2 q/ha) and Triademefon @ 0.1% (24.5 q/ha). The present study revealed propiconazole as the most effective fungicide for the control of stripe rust of barley under epiphytotic conditions

Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in surface water quality of Ghaggar River (North-Western, India) utilized for drinking and agricultural purposes

In the present study, statistical analyses (descriptive and principal component analysis) were applied to Ghaggar River surface water data set monitored in the month of June 2006 and 2007 to check spatio-temporal variations in water quality. From these, two summer observations were taken into consideration because in summer season, high concentrations are observed for different water constituents. The various physico-chemical constituents like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, F-, SO42- and PO43- were analyzed. Statistical results revealed that water quality variables were totally different during the two summer observations.Keywords: Principal component analysis, spatio-temporal variations, water quality, summer season

Original research article on cystic ovarian lesions diagnosed as teratomas - a 2 year study in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The incidence of dermoid cyst accounts for approximately 20% of all ovarian tumours. They occur more commonly in reproductive age group of women and are usually unilateral. This study is conducted to evaluate the clinical and pathologic presentation of mature cystic teratomas. Dermoid cyst is the most common type of ovarian germ cell tumor.Methods: A 2yr retrospective and prospective study is done at tertiary care centre hospital of which around 180 patients with ovarian cysts were included of which 29 cases are diagnosed as teratomas are included. . Hysterectomy specimens along with adnexa were received for histopathological examination, and tissues were fixed in 10% formalin for processing.  Sections were processed routinely with paraffin embedding and stained with haematoxylin and eosin.Results: Cystic teratomas constituted 16.1% of all ovarian cystic lesions diagnosed and treated at our institution during the study period. The median of age was 34years. Abdominal or pelvic pain was the most frequent symptom for presentation in 62%of the cases. The rate of bilateral cystic teratomas of the ovary was 7%. The incidence of torsion was 3.3%, and was the highest in all complications. Histopathological evaluation has detected 96.6 % cases of mature teratomas, and 3.4% cases of immature teratomas.Conclusions: Mature cystic teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor and accounts for about 33% of all ovarian neoplasm

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: to treat or not to treat

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected individuals can either be due to the disease itself or due to associated infections/malignancies. The treatment for HLH requires immunosuppressive therapy but administering immunosuppressive therapy to an already immunosuppressed patient (HIV infection) is complex. We present two such cases of HLH in patients infected with HIV. In the first case, no alternate cause for HLH was found even after extensive investigations and it was attributed to the uncontrolled HIV replication. Patient was started on dexamethasone for the same but succumbed to hospital acquired pneumonia. The second patient was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma but he succumbed to his illness before initiating immunosuppressive therapy for HLH. We report these cases to highlight the dilemma and a need for further research in this direction

ANEMIA AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN ELDERLY.

 Objective: The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia among elderly in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 234 elderly aged 60 and above in slums of West Delhi. 5 ml blood was collected from 116 elderly and was analyzed for hemoglobin, Vitamin B12 and homocysteine. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <130 g/L and <120 g/l for male and female, respectively, Vitamin B12 deficiency as serum Vitamin B12 <203 pg/ml and hyperhomocysteinemia as serum homocysteine >15 μmol/l.Results: The overall prevalence of anemia, Vitamin B12 deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia among elderly was 57.76%, 36.36%, and 57.57%, respectively. Among anemic elderly, 33.33% and 64.15% had Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively.Conclusion: More than half of the elderly population was anemic, while one-third was having Vitamin B12 deficiency

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULT POPULATION IN SLUMS OF WEST DELHI

Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of hypertension in adult population residing in slums of West Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult population of 18-59 years residing in urban slums of West Delhi. Blood pressure was measured using digital machine (OMRON). The data obtained were analyzed for percent prevalence, mean, standard deviation, and median. Joint National Committee (JNC)on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC)VI and JNC VII criteria were used to classify hypertension.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 25.3%. The prevalence was higher (27.9%)in males than females (22.8%)and also in the age group 46-59 years (43.0%)as compared to 18-45 years (19.8%). The overall prevalence of prehypertension, Stage I and Stage II hypertension, respectively, was 35.2%, 16.1% and 9.2%.Conclusion: A one-fourth of the adult population is hypertensive. Early diagnosis and treatment are advisable, besides awareness about dietary and lifestyle modification

Warm-water Dasycladaceae algae from the Late Ordovician of the Parahio Valley, Spiti, India

Warm-water Dasycladaceae algae Mastopora and Cyclocrinites were for the first time recorded from the Takche Formation (Upper Ordovician–lower Silurian), Parahio Valley, Spiti, India. They are preserved as external and internal moulds of the non-globular or possibly bulb-like cortical skeleton showing flattened thalli with a high degree of compaction. The occurrence of abundant cyclocrinitid remains in the Takche Formation indicates that the Spiti region of the northwestern Himalaya must have been located at about 30° palaeolatitude during the Late Ordovician and early Silurian. The cyclocrinitids were warm-water algae and their extinction at the end of the Ordovician is related to cooling and glaciations. The cyclocrinitids in the Ordovician are known from several localities in central and southern Asia, including Kazakhstan and western China

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed