Status of child well-being among rural families in Manmunai South West DS division of Batticaloa District: impact of an agricultural livelihood project

Sustainable livelihood development projects are a vital modern method in fighting against poverty and reducing unemployment. An agricultural livelihood project had been implemented by the World Vision Lanka, a non-governmental organization in Manmunai South West Divisional Secretariat Division of Batticaloa District during the period 2010 – 2015. The project was channeled through four activities; family development, goat rearing, cattle rearing and poultry development in all Grama Niladhari divisions. The present study was implemented with the objective to identify the extent to which the implemented agricultural livelihood project changes the child well-being status among the people. Questionnaires were administered to 100 randomly selected project beneficiaries through personal interview in five GN Divisions. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS. The results reveal that majority of the beneficiaries have succeeded in their income generating activities. Significant satisfaction reported for goat and cattle rearing. Child well-being indicators changed positively in comparison with the status before the implementation of the project. Further, beneficiaries are satisfied about the wellbeing of their children. The said income generating activities need to be intensified to sustain the present status. Therefore, relevant authorities should take needed actions to intensify the income generating activities of the rural populace in the area

The Scientific Society and the Spiritual Society in the Novel ‘Iraiyuthir Kaadu’

People's lives are intended to various changes in today's society.  Novel literature is required in particular to record those changes because novel and society are intertwined.  Indira Soundarrajan's ‘Irayuthir Kaadu’ is a testament to the social history novel which is a mix of historical and contemporary events.  The research area of this article is the scientific society and the spiritual society of the above-mentioned novel.  The Sociological Approach has been adopted for this research to analyze the dependency of people on technological gadgets and the state of spirituality in today’s society

Bharathi and Parakalar Announcing Separation Unendurable

Some devotional literatures appeared by portraying the Lord as the superior male and the soul as a woman to make people to realize the philosophy of surrender.  Bharati, who realized the aspiration of woman, and Thirumangaiyalwar (Parakalar), who realized the superiority of the Lord, created verses by assuming themselves as the heroine to express their devotion to Thirumal. The expression of love is manifested only in Separation unendurable.  The purpose of this study is to compare the part of Kannan Pattu, ‘Kannan – En Kaadhalan’ composed by Bharathiar with the Thirumadals ‘Siriya Thirumadal’ and ‘Periya Thirumadal’ composed by Thirumangaiyalwar to reveal the inseparable sorrows caused to both of them by the separation of Kannan.  The Descriptive Approach has been adopted for this research to express the sorrows of the departed heroines, the psychological approach to explore how the heroines’ love is felt, and the comparative approach to compare the two's feelings of separation

MYH9-related disorder, a probable May–Hegglin anomaly case series: A tertiary care experience

AbstractObjective/backgroundMay–Hegglin anomaly (MHA) is a rare familial bleeding disorder characterized by a triad of thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, and Döhle-like inclusion bodies within the leukocytes. The clinical spectrum as well as the pathophysiology of this entity is not well defined. The objective of this work is to present a series of three cases of MHA diagnosed in our hospital, where the patients presented with variable bleeding manifestations, thrombocytopenia, and giant platelets.Materials and MethodsWe studied three cases of possible MHA. In addition to the clinical examination, complete hemogram, and peripheral blood smear examination, these patients were also subjected to coagulation studies. Although bleeding symptoms varied among these patients, platelet aggregation tests with various agonists showed a normal response.ResultsConsistent findings of this entity noted in our patients were mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia, giant platelets, and Döhle-like inclusions within the leukocytes.ConclusionA diagnosis of MHA could be made based on a thorough peripheral blood smear examination, which also helps to avoid a misdiagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia

A prospective study on blunt injury abdomen

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal trauma continues to account for a large number of trauma related injuries and deaths. Motor vehicle accidents, accidental fall are leading causes of blunt and penetrating trauma to abdomen. Blunt abdominal trauma is one of the leading preventable causes of the unnatural death in developed and developing countries. Blunt trauma is particularly deceptive as the clinical manifestations of the injury may be delayed for hours or days even though internal damage is serious and sometimes lethal. In open cases of abdominal trauma the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management will be easier but closed cases of abdominal trauma offers a great challenge to the treating surgeon. Injuries to the abdominal viscera, caused by blunt trauma, are particularly common in civilian life. The blunt trauma differs from penetrating trauma, as the different organs are characteristically injured by compression from blunt straining. The solid organs such as spleen, liver, kidney, pancreas, etc., are the most vulnerable, while the hollow viscera like stomach, intestines and bladder are less likely to be involved. The outstanding features of injury to solid organ are the haemorrhage and shock, while in hollow visceral injury shock follows with the development of peritonitis. The aim of this study is to analyse the incidence of hollow viscus perforation and solid organ injuries and find out the morbidity and mortality in blunt abdominal trauma. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To evaluate the age and sex incidence of the involved patient population. 2. To evaluate the different organ systems involved in various modes of presentations as a primary tool in early diagnosis. 3. To find a possible treatment protocol cases of blunt trauma to the abdomen following road traffic accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 162 cases of blunt trauma following road traffic accidents admitted in all the surgical units at Thanjavur Medical College Hospital during the period of September 2016 to September 2017 The cases were selected with accurate history of trauma including the mode of injury, the time elapsed since injury till admission and history of primary resusitation documented carefully. Based on a careful history and meticulous physical examination combined with adjunctive investigations, a decision to operate or to manage conservatively was taken. Baseline laboratory parameters like blood urea, blood sugar, serum electrolytes and blood grouping was done in all cases. Plain x-ray abdomen in an erect posture was taken for all stable patients. Other investigations appropriately taken for associated injuries. Ultra sonogram and CT scan abdomen was not done as a routine diagnostic investigation, however few cases were subjected to the same in view of special circumstances. A performa of each case including the case, sex, mode of injury, and an accurate history suggesting the mode of injury was compiled. Personal history of previous trauma or surgeries and alcohol or drug intoxication was specifically sought for. Plain skiagram of the abdomen and four quadrant aspiration was done in all the cases. 17 All the patients were resusitated with ringer lactate solution and blood before surgical intervention. All the patients were manadatorily maintained on nasogastric suction, intravenous fluid replacement and broad spectrum antibiotics. Selected cases were catheterised. Post operative complications were specifically sought for and treated appropriately. DISCUSSION: In our study of blunt injury abdomen, caused due to road traffic accidents, 162 cases were admitted in thanjavur medical college and hospital from september 2016 to september 2017. Males accounted for 103 patients [45%]. Vijay malhotra et al also reported similar sex incidence in the landmark 1998 study. The proportionate majority of males could account for the male preponderance involved in road traffic accidents, also to a certain exten by their aggressive behaviour. Solid organ injuries like liver and spleen injuries due to direct compressive forces resulting from collision. Bowel injuries might have been contributed by deceleration shear stess and sudden increase in abdominal pressure. 49 cases [30.2%] were hemodynamically unstable at presentation and required aggressive reusitation. The connectialt and suffolk show a 44% shock incidence at presentation. 20 cases died among 162 cases, in which peritonitis waas the cause of death in 15 cases and 5 patients died due to hypovolemic shock, this is due to late presentation after which they have treated in mofsul hospitals and was referred to TMCH. Physical examination revealed abdominal bruises in 62 cases, abdominal pain and distension in 70 cases. Guarding found in all cases. Rigidity was noticed in 20 patients. Davis et al reported abdominal pain in 75% of the patienst, rigidity and rebound tenderness in 25%

Vaccines against Group B Coxsackieviruses and Their Importance

The group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) exist in six serotypes (CVB1 to CVB6). Disease associations have been reported for most serotypes, and multiple serotypes can cause similar diseases. For example, CVB1, CVB3, and CVB5 are generally implicated in the causation of myocarditis, whereas CVB1 and CVB4 could accelerate the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, no vaccines against these viruses are currently available. In this review, we have analyzed the attributes of experimentally tested vaccines and discussed their merits and demerits or limitations, as well as their impact in preventing infections, most importantly myocarditis and T1D