Temperature and growth regulator effects on growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

Tesis para obtener el grado de Master of Science, de la University of Florida, en 1998Changes in concentration/composition of carbohydrate and hormones in different plant parts have been related with photoperiod and temperature, which are considered major factors regulating growth and development in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). The major objectives of this research were to determine how the exposure of detached and attached strawberry plants to differential temperatures may affect carbohydrate concentration/composition, and plant growth and development, and to examine flower and runner production patterns in plants exposed to growth regulators. In growth chamber experiments, under floral inductive conditions growth regulators either had no affect or decreased floral initiation, compared to the control. Under non-inductive conditions for flowering, growth regulators either decreased leaf number or increased runner length and daughter plant number. In field experiments, most growth regulator treatments did not increase total flower number. No consistent early flowering or fruit production was obtained by using growth regulators in the conditions of these experiments. Northern (Canada) grown ‘Sweet Charlie’ transplants had greater initial soluble carbohydrate concentration in the crown and roots, greater root starch concentration, and increased early and total marketable yields, fruit number, and average fruit weight compared with southern (Florida) grown transplants. Hence, better yielding performance of northern grown transplants might be related to a greater carbohydrate concentration, especially in the roots. In experiments where mother/daughter plants were grown at the same temperature, attachment and high temperature decreased root soluble carbohydrate concentration and promoted runner formation in mother and daughter plants, suggesting that changes in carbohydrate concentration in the roots may be correlated with changes in vegetative growth. In experiments where attached mother/daughter plants were grown in differential temperature regimes, daughter plants affected flowering in mother plants, and mother plants affected vegetative growth in daughter plants. High temperatures enhanced vegetative growth while lower temperatures enhanced flowering. These results suggest that growth and development in attached strawberry plants are affected by the growth conditions of both the older and the younger plant, that temperature is as important as photoperiod and that carbohydrate concentration in the roots is sensitive to temperature. Further research needs to be done in order to clarify the relationship between hormones, temperature, carbohydrates and plant growth and development in strawberry.EEA FamailláFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

Manual de buenas prácticas agrícolas para la producción de frutilla

Trabajo desarrollado en el año 2010, en el marco del Proyecto “Desarrollo de bases para el diseño de un sistema de producción integrada de frutilla adaptable a las principales cuencas frutilleras argentinas” del Programa Nacional Hortalizas, Flores y Aromáticas.EEA FamailláFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

Horticultura: realidad y perspectivas de un sector clave

Por definición, las hortalizas son un conjunto de plantas cultivadas generalmente en huertas o regadíos, que se consumen como alimento, ya sea de forma cruda o cocinadas, y que incluye las verduras y las legumbres. Las hortalizas abarcan cultivos intensivos (p.e. lechuga, tomate), semi-extensivos (p.e. papa, batata) y extensivos (p.e. poroto, garbanzo). La problemática de la horticultura argentina es multidimensional, compleja, condicionada por aspectos ambientales, culturales, sociales y económicos. Naturalmente, en un territorio nacional tan diverso y heterogéneo, la impronta de la horticultura está tallada por particularidades locales que condicionan las estrategias de cada región. Sin embargo, existen problemáticas comunes que permiten establecer ejes centrales de mejora.EEA FamailláFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

Estimación de superficie cultivada con batata en Argentina al 2021

La información estadística sobre las producciones es un insumo fundamental para el desarrollo de políticas públicas que las beneficien. En el caso de las producciones hortícolas, su dinámica y diversidad hacen más difícil la cuantificación y actualización de la informacion. A fin de hacer un aporte y aproximar un dato más certero y con el foco puesto en la batata, se realizó una consulta a los principales referentes del cultivo en la distintas regiones del país a través del Programa Nacional de Hortalizas, Flores, Aromáticas y Medicinales.Fil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Piola, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; Argentin

Foreign invasive pests Drosophila suzukii (Matsamura) and Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) threaten fruit production in northwestern Argentina

The sub-tropical region of northwestern Argentina (Tucuman province) shelters a major soft fruit production and exporting industry. Drosophila suzukii (spotted-wing Drosophila; SWD) is a major global pest of soft fruits because females can lay eggs under the epidermis of healthy, ripening fruit. Recently, Argentina was invaded by the SWD, which has quickly spread to all cardinal points, showing a great ability of adaptation to different climates and fruit crops. We report for the first t ime the presence of two invasive drosophilid species, SWD and Zaprionus indianus (African fig fly), in the sub-tropical rainforest of the Yungas (KöppenGeiger climate classification CWa), adjacent to a high-value fruit production region, in the province of Tucumán (northwestern Argentina). Both species were recovered from wild guava fruit (Psidium guajava). The SWD was found in healthy, ripe fruit attached to the trees (65%) and in damaged fruit collected from the ground (35%), while Z. indianus was only recovered from damaged fruit collected from the ground (100%). Zaprionus indianus, SWD, and other drosophilids accounted for 86.6%, 7.1%, and 6.3%, respectively, of the total of drosophilids found. The presence of both invasive insects in the region, especially SWD, is a threat for the local berry industry. Since SWD can complete its life cycle in guavas, these fruits would allow the sustainability of SWD populations during the seasons in which commercial berry crops are not in production.Berry growers and plant protection agencies should promptly take measures to limit these pests? dispersion to commercial fruit fields.EEA FamailláFil: Escobar, Lorena Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Ovruski Alderete, Sergio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

Physalis (goldenberry): native fruit species of the sub-Andean Yungas with high cultivation potential in Argentina = Physalis (uchuva): especies frutales nativas de las Yungas subandinas con alto potencial de cultivo en Argentina

El objetivo de esta revisión es destacar y poner en prospectiva el potencial y la factibilidad que tiene el cultivo de especies nativas de las Yungas subandinas, Physalis peruviana y P. pubescens, en Argentina. Ambas producen frutos de similares características entre sí, siendo casi indistinguibles. Algunas denominaciones del fruto son Physalis, uchuva, capulí, aguaymanto, Cape goosberry o goldenberry. Es una fruta exótica de creciente interés mundial, fundamentalmente por sus propiedades nutracéuticas y excelentes precios en Europa y EE.UU., donde se considera fruta “speciality”. Crece en ambientes con rangos térmicos de 5 a 35°C, con temperatura base de 6,29°C y óptima de 21°C. Necesita suministro de agua constante, con demanda en el rango de 1000 a 1800 mm de precipitación bien distribuidos durante el año. Las principales plagas son Epitrix cucumeris (Coleoptera), Chloridea (Heliothis) subflexa (Lepidoptera) y Liriomyza sp. (Diptera). El patógeno más importante es Fusarium oxysporum, le siguen Phoma sp., Pythium sp., Cercospora physalidis y Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. El fruto puede ser afectado por patógenos de postcosecha como Botrytis sp., Cladosporium, Pestalotia y Phomopsis. En Tucumán, INTA Famaillá realizó pruebas de adaptación con ambas especies de Physalis, verificándose su viablidad agronómica. El NOA se ha desarrollado como polo agroexportador de berries frescos hacia el hemisferio norte, donde también se encuentran los principales mercados consumidores de uchuva, constituyendo una oportunidad. La transformación de la uchuva permite la elaboración de productos estables sensorialmente agradables, que amplían las posibilidades de comercialización y permiten el agregado de valor (pulpa, néctares, jugos, mermeladas, deshidratados, barras energéticas, salsas, helados, etc.).The objective of this review is to highlight the potential and feasibility of the cultivation of native species of the sub-Andean Yungas, Physalis peruviana and P. pubescens, in Argentina. Both species produce fruits with similar characteristics, being almost indistinguishable. Some names of the fruit are Physalis, cape gooseberry, capulí, aguaymanto, Cape goosberry or goldenberry. It is an exotic fruit of worldwide growing interest, mainly for its nutraceutical properties and excellent prices in Europe and the US, where it is considered a "speciality" fruit. It grows in environments with thermal ranges from 5 to 35°C, with a base temperature of 6.29°C and an optimal temperature of 21°C, requiring a constant supply of water, with demands in the range of 1000 to 1800 mm of precipitation, well distributed throughout the year. The main pests are Epitrix cucumeris (Coleoptera), Chloridea (Heliothis) subflexa (Lepidoptera) and Liriomyza sp. (Diptera). The most important pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum, followed by Phoma sp., Pythium sp., Cercospora physalidis and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The fruit can be affected by postharvest pathogens such as Botrytis sp., Cladosporium, Pestalotia and Phomopsis. In Tucumán, INTA-Famaillá carried out adaptation tests with both Physalis species, verifying their agronomic viability. Argentina’s northwestern region has developed as an agro-export hub for fresh berries to the northern hemisphere, where the main consumer markets for goldenberry are located, constituting an opportunity. The processing of goldenberry allows the production of stable, sensory-pleasant products, broadening the possibilities of commercialization, and allowing the addition of value (pulp, nectars, juices, jams, dehydrated products, energy bars, sauces, ice cream, etc.).EEA FamailláFil: Quiroga, Rolando Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

First record of Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Argentina = Primer registro de Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en Argentina

The first records of Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Argentina are reported. Larvae from this species were captured in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) leaflets heavily infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranichidae) in Famaillá, province of Tucumán, Argentina (27°03’S, 65°25’W). In 2015 (June, September and October), 16 larvae were collected; in 2016 (October, November and December), 23 larvae; and in 2017 (September, October and November), 49 larvae. Since F. curtistylus was found associated to a mite of agricultural importance in strawberry crops, this predatory gall midge has a potential for being considered a biological control agent.Se presenta los primeros registros de Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en Argentina. Las larvas de esta especie fueron capturadas en folíolos de frutilla (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fuertemente infestados con Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranichidae) en Famaillá, provincia de Tucumán, Argentina (27°03'S, 65°25'O). En 2015 (junio, septiembre y octubre) se recolectaron 16 larvas; en 2016 (octubre, noviembre y diciembre), 23 larvas; y en 2017 (septiembre, octubre y noviembre), 49 larvas. Dado que F. curtistylus se encontró asociado a un ácaro de importancia agrícola en los cultivos de frutilla, este mosquito depredador tiene un potencial para ser considerado un agente de control biológico.EEA FamailláFil: Funes, Claudia Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Lorena Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Palavecino, Braian Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

First record of Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Argentina

The first records of Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Argentina are reported. Larvae from this species were captured in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) leaflets heavily infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranichidae) in Famaillá, province of Tucumán, Argentina (27º03’S, 65º25’W). In 2015 (June, September and October), 16 larvae were collected; in 2016 (October, November and December), 23 larvae; and in 2017 (September, October and November), 49 larvae. Since F. curtistylus was found associated to a mite of agricultural importance in strawberry crops, this predatory gall midge has a potential for being considered a biological control agent. Highlights Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) larvae are mite predators in Brazil and the USA. During 3 years, in Tucumán, Argentina, Diptera larvae were observed feeding on eggs, protonymphal and adult stages of two-spotted spider mite, in strawberry leaves heavily infested with. Leaflets with larvae were placed in Petri dishes with the bottom covered with smooth plaster base, and kept humid until adults emerged. Adult specimens (males and females) were identified by Dr. Raymond Gagné, as Feltiella curtistylus, first record for Argentina. Due to prey specificity, this predatory gall midge has a potential for been considered in augmentative biological control strategies in strawberry.The first records of Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Argentina are reported. Larvae from this species were captured in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) leaflets heavily infested with Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranichidae) in Famaillá, province of Tucumán, Argentina (27º03’S, 65º25’W). In 2015 (June, September and October), 16 larvae were collected; in 2016 (October, November and December), 23 larvae; and in 2017 (September, October and November), 49 larvae. Since F. curtistylus was found associated to a mite of agricultural importance in strawberry crops, this predatory gall midge has a potential for being considered a biological control agent. Highlights Feltiella curtistylus Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) larvae are mite predators in Brazil and the USA. During 3 years, in Tucumán, Argentina, Diptera larvae were observed feeding on eggs, protonymphal and adult stages of two-spotted spider mite, in strawberry leaves heavily infested with. Leaflets with larvae were placed in Petri dishes with the bottom covered with smooth plaster base, and kept humid until adults emerged. Adult specimens (males and females) were identified by Dr. Raymond Gagné, as Feltiella curtistylus, first record for Argentina. Due to prey specificity, this predatory gall midge has a potential for been considered in augmentative biological control strategies in strawberry

Accumulation Pattern Of Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate In Strawberry Runner Plants And Its Influence On Plant Growth And Fruit Production

The pattern of total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) nursery runner plants, cv. ‘Camarosa’, was determined for three growing seasons. Plant growth and fruit production patterns were also evaluated. The experiments were carried out on plants propagated in high latitude (41°50' N) and high elevation (1292 m) nurseries in Siskiyou County, California. Plants were sampled beginning in late summer through early autumn and analyzed for dry mass (DM) and TNC. Plants from different digging dates were established in growth chambers (GC) at UC Davis or fruit evaluation plots in Irvine, California. In the nursery, TNC concentration in storage tissues increased steadily from the second week of September to the third week of October, and crown and root TNC concentration was positively correlated with the accumulation of chilling units (hours ≤7.2°C). The root TNC concentration consistently increased from 6 to 10% DM from mid-September to the first week of October. Transplant growth and fruiting pattern were affected by digging date. Overall, the roots were more sensitive to chilling in terms of TNC accumulation, than the crowns. Therefore, roots would be the appropriate organ for assessing TNC status and potential digging dates of strawberry nursery runner plants early in the fall.EEA FamailláFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Larson, Kirk D. University of California Davis. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Weinbaum, Steven A. University of California Davis. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: DeJong, Theodore M. University of California Davis. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados Unido

Differential Response Of Early And Intermediate Flowering Strawberry Cultivars To Nursery Late-Season Nitrogen Applications And Digging Date

The response of ‘Ventana’, an early flowering cultivar, and ‘Camarosa’, an intermediate flowering cultivar, to nursery late-season nitrogen (N) applications and digging date were studied in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, runner plants dug on September 20 and October 11 from a high-latitude nursery in California, were established in growth chambers set at 25°/15ºC day/night temperature, 12-h photoperiod, and grown for 90 days. Compared to the first experiment, in the second experiment plants received extra N (foliar-applied) in the nursery in late summer, and runner plants were not grown in GC but in open field (Irvine, California). In the second experiment, runner plants were dug on Sept 20 and Oct 2. In both experiments, plants dug in September were exposed to ~100 chilling units (CU: hours ≤7.2°C) and plants dug in October were exposed to ~300 CU. As a result, October-dug plants had greater crown and root dry weight, and greater concentration of starch and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in leaves, crowns and roots, compared to September-dug plants. In control plants, from September to October, root TNC concentration increased in ‘Camarosa’ from ~6% to ~11%, and in ‘Ventana’ from ~14% to ~21%, and leaf N concentration ranged from 1.47 to 1.81% in ‘Camarosa’, and from 1.60 to 1.96% in ‘Ventana’. Late summer N applications increased plant N concentration and early-season yields. Late-summer nursery N applications reduced dead leaf biomass (DLB) and dead leaf area (DLA) in both cultivars, although ‘Ventana’ had lower DLB and DLA than ‘Camarosa’. ‘Ventana’ had a greater leaf number and flowered earlier, and had greater early fruit production than ‘Camarosa’. The genetic earliness of ‘Ventana’ would be correlated with the potential of the plant for accumulation of higher initial levels of leaf N and root TNC, and for having greater leaf longevity, compared to ‘Camarosa’.EEA FamailláFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Larson, Kirk D. University of California Davis. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Weinbaum, Steven A. University of California Davis. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: DeJong, Theodore M. University of California Davis. Department of Plant Sciences; Estados Unido