Effect of harvest time on essential oil composition of thymbra spicata L. growing in flora of adıyaman

Thymbra spicata L. is an aromatic shrub growing wild in different regions of Turkey. This plant has traditionally been used for different purposes by local settlements. Leaves of Thymbra spicata were collected from Kahta district of Adi{dotless}yaman (684 m, 370 43' N, 380 39' E) in three different harvest time as follows: before flowering (10 May 2010), in flowering (21 May 2010) and after flowering stage (10 June 2010). Essential oil contents of the plant samples were determined by Hydro-distillation in Clevenger Apparatus with three hours. Composition of the essential oils was determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). All the laboratory analysis was performed with three replications. In conclusion, the highest and the lowest essential oil contents of Thymbra spicata were obtained from the full blooming harvests (3,56%) and after flowering (3,38%), respectively. The lowest essential oil content was found in before flowering harvest (3,10%). Besides essential oil contents, essential oil composition of Thymbra spicata was also affected by different harvest times

Essential oil contents and ethnopharmacological characteristics of some spices and herbal drugs traded in Turkey

In the present study, some spices and herbal drugs extensively used and traded in Turkey were studied for their essential oil contents. Additionally, some of their used parts, local uses, pharmaceutical traits and ethnopharmacological uses were given. Essential oil contents of investigated spices and herbs changed in a wide range. The rates varied from 0.025% in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) to 18.0% in clove (Syzygium aromaticum [L.] Merr. et Perry). As a result, the drugs investigated in the present study included high amount of essential oils and the rates were mostly higher than those in the national and international standards. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Seasonal and diurnal variability of essential oil and its components in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Cukurova

WOS: 000235933500002Turkish Oregano (Origanum onites L.) is one of the most commonly collected from nature as well as cultivated Origanum species in Turkey. In addition, Turkish Oregano is the most exported Origanum species from Turkey to the entire World. In this study, the seasonal and diurnal variability of the essential oil content in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Cukurova was studied from September 2000-August 2001. Monthly variability of the essential oil composition was also studied. The plant cuttings collected from the region were rooted in the greenhouse and transferred to the field in a split plot design with three replications. One year later from transplanting,fresh leaves from the top shoots were collected every week three times a day on Monday (at 08.(00), 12.(00) and 16.(00) o'clock) throughout the year. The content and composition of the essential oil were analysed in fresh leaf samples by hydrodistillation. The essential oil content changed according to the seasons and the hour of day. The highest essential oil content (% 1.92) was found in the post-flowering -at the beginning of the seed formation period in the afternoon harvests during the second half of June (40(th) week). The essential oil composition varied monthly and the highest value (% 73.65) of carvacrol, the main component of the essential oil, was obtained from the flowering period in May

Seasonal and diurnal variability of essential oil and its components in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Çukurova

Turkish Oregano (Origanum onites L.) is one of the most commonly collected from nature as well as cultivated Origanum species in Turkey. In addition, Turkish Oregano is the most exported Origanum species from Turkey to the entire World. In this study, the seasonal and diurnal variability of the essential oil content in Origanum onites L. grown in the ecological conditions of Cukurova was studied from September 2000-August 2001. Monthly variability of the essential oil composition was also studied. The plant cuttings collected from the region were rooted in the greenhouse and transferred to the field in a split plot design with three replications. One year later from transplanting, fresh leaves from the top shoots were collected every week three times a day on Monday (at 08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 o'clock) throughout the year. The content and composition of the essential oil were analysed in fresh leaf samples by hydrodistillation. The essential oil content changed according to the seasons and the hour of day. The highest essential oil content (% 1.92) was found in the post-flowering -at the beginning of the seed formation period in the afternoon harvests during the second half of June (40th week). The essential oil composition varied monthly and the highest value (% 73.65) of carvacrol, the main component of the essential oil, was obtained from the flowering period in May

Influence of fluctuating drying conditions during shade-, sun- and solar-drying on the quality of Lavandula officinalis L., Origanum syriacum L. and Thymbra spicata L.

WOS: 000254734100003L. officinalis, O. syriacum und T. spicata are increasingly cultivated in Turkey because of their essential oils. Due to the lack of drying facilities, drying is frequently performed directly in the sun or in the shade. Solar-drying would be an alternative. Objective of the research was to investigate the influence of the fluctuating drying conditions during shade-, sun- and solar-drying on drug quality in comparison with drying at a constant temperature of 40 degrees C. Essential oil content was analysed by Neo-Clevenger-distillation and flavor by Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME). In terms of essential oil content, results have shown that only for T spicata shade-drying is superior to the other methods. For L. officinalis and O. syriacum equal or higher oil contents were found for sun-drying and best results were achieved by solar-drying. In terms of flavor, slight shifts in the composition have been recorded for the different drying methods

Species Composition And Seasonal Dynamics Of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) In Igdir Plain, Turkey

A total of 24.752 larvae consisting of fourteen mosquito species (Aedes vexans, Anopheles hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.s., Culex deserticola, Cx. laticinctus, Cx. martinii, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. territans, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. dorsalis) were collected from permanent and temporary breeding areas in Igdir plain (Ararat Valley) from July through October, 2005 and April through October, 2006 periods. The most dominant species was Oc. dorsalis (33.69% of total catch) followed by An. maculipennis s.s. (23.02%), Ae. vexans (15.19%), Cx. theileri (11.3%), Oc. caspius (10.33%) and Cx. pipiens (2.25%). Except Oc. caspius, all of the species could be sampled in permanent breeding areas. On the other hand, only five species (Oc. dorsalis, Ae. vexans, Oc. caspius, Cx. theileri and An. maculipennis s.s.) were found in temporary breeding areas. The ratio of An. sacharovi in Maculipennis complex was 6.5% in Igdir plain

Effects of varying nitrogen doses on yield, yield components and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L.

Artemisia annua L. is an aromatic-antibacterial herb that destroys malarial parasites, lowers fevers and checks bleeding, and of which the secondary compound of interest is artemisinin. The objective of the present study was to determine yield, yield components and artemisinin content of A. annua L. grown under four nitrogen applications (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) in the Çukurova region of Turkey in 2004 and 2005. Field trials were conducted at Çukurova University, Agricultural Faculty Field Crops Department. In the study, plant height, number of branches, fresh herbage yield, dry herbage yield, fresh leaf yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and artemisinin content (by high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) were examined. By analysis of variance, nitrogen doses had no any statistical effect on the traits investigated except for artemisinin content. Artemisinin content of the dried leaves were significantly affected by nitrogen applications, which varied from 6.32 to 27.50 mg 100 g-1. Contents were from 120 and 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen for the years of 2004 and 2005, respectively. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The authors would like to express their appreciations to Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) which supported this study through project no. TOVAG-3228

A study on karyotypes of two species of Anoplius (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) in Kars plateau, Turkey [Türkiye-Kars platosunda İki Anoplius (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Türünün karyotipi]

In this study, karyotypes of two Pompilidae species [Anoplius viaticus (Linnaeus 1758) and Anoplius concinnus (Dahlbom 1845)] were studied. Based on metaphase studies, it was determined that Anoplius viaticus has 2n=28 chromosomes and that their karyotypes consisted of 3 metacentric, 2 submetacentric and 9 acrocentric chromosome pairs, and the fundamental number (NF) was 38. Metaphase studies of Anoplius concinnus gave the result that it had 2n=28 chromosomes, of which karyotype consisted of 2 metacentric, 4 submetacentric and 8 acrocentric chromosome pairs, and the NF was 40. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes for each species were found

Dipyrone ameliorates behavioural changes induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress: Gender differences

PubMedID: 27917785Purpose: Antidepressant effects of analgesics have been investigate in both clinical and experimental studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the analgesic-antipyretic drug, dipyrone, also had antidepressant-like effects. Methods: Depression-like effects were investigated in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model in both male and female mice. Cage changes, light-dark cycle reversal, cage tilting, wet floor, empty cage, foreign material on the floor and predator sounds were used to induce light stress at different times for six weeks. Dipyrone was administered intraperitoneally beginning from the third week. Splash, rota-rod (RR) and forced swimming (FST) tests were performed at the seventh week as behavioural tests to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of dipyrone. Coat state score (CSS) and weights of animals were recorded at seventh weeks. Results were analyzed using one or two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferonni post hoc test. Results: Weight of UCMS-exposed mice did not change compared with controls; however, significant changes were observed in CSS in both sexes of stressed mice (p < 0.05). RR latency decreased and immobility time enhanced in FST test in both sexes of stressed mice (p < 0.05). Grooming behaviour was not different between the groups in female mice, but different in male mice in the splash test. Dipyrone did not produce a significant change in CSS in the UCMS-exposed group but reversed the latency time and immobility time to normal values in both sexes of mice and augmented the number of grooming behaviour only in stressed male mice. Conclusion: These results indicate that dipyrone produce antidepressant-like effects to some symptoms of UCMS according to gender. © 2016 CIM

A Study on Karyotypes of Two Species of Anoplius (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) in Kars Plateau, Turkey

WOS: 000271098600018In this study. karyotypes of two Pompilidae species [Anoplius viaticus (Linnaeus 1758) and Anoplius concinnus (Dahlbom 1845)] were studied. Based on metaphase studies, it was determined that Anoplius viaticus has 2n=28 chromosomes and that their karyotypes consisted of 3 metacentric. 2 submetacentric and 9 acrocentric chromosome pairs, and the fundamental number (NF) was 38. Metaphase studies of Anoplius concinnus gave the result that it had 2n=28 chromosomes. of which karyotype consisted of 2 metacentric, 4 submetacentric and 8 acrocentric chromosome pairs, and the NF was 40. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes for each species were foun