BÖBREK HASTALIKLARINDA TÜBÜLOİNTERSTİSYEL FİBROZİS MEKANİZMALARI

TÜBÜLOİNTERSTİSYEL ZEDELENMENİN, BÖBREK HASTALIKLARINDA KRONİK BÖBREK YETMEZLİĞİNE GİDİŞTE ORTAK BİR YOL OLARAK BULUNDUĞU SAPTANMIŞTIR

Expression of CD44 and major histocompatibility complex class II antigens correlate with renal scarring in primary and systemic renal diseases

Objective: Phenotypical changes in the tubular epithelial cells (TEC) seem to be important in the progression of renal diseases. The present study was designed to identify the relation between the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens and CD44 by TEC, with parameters of renal scarring in primary and systemic renal diseases

Quantitative assesment of angiogenesis and mast cells in gastric carcinomas

Purpose: To investigate the possible effects of anjiogenesis and mast cell accumulation on the prognostic factors of gastric carcinomas and to evaluate the role of mast cells on angiogenesis. Methods: 33 patients who underwent gastrectomy because of gastric carcinoma were included in this study. Paraffin sections from tumor tissues and non-neoplastic mucosa of 33 patients were stained with Anti-Human Factor 8 related antigen with standard streptavidin - biotin immun peroxidase method. Microvessels were quantified by a stereological method and vascular surface density (VSD), microvessel number (NVES) and maximum microvessel numbers (N(VES-MAX)) were calculated. Tumors and surrounding mucosa were also stained with Toludine Blue stain to show mast cells in tumor and surrounding tissue. Mast cells were counted as described elsewhere and calculated in cubic millimeter. Microvessel and mast cell counts were compared between early and advanced TNM stages, tumor sizes, histopathologic types and metastatic lymph node numbers. Correlation between microvessel and mast cell counts was also evaluated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between tumors and surrounding mucosa, early and advanced TNM stages, lymph node numbers, tumor sizes and histological types in terms of VSD, NVES and N(VES-MAX). Mast cell counts were also not different among these groups except that tumous with metastasis showed significantly increased number of mast cells (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our study does not support the hypothesis that tumor vascularity predicts tumor behaviour and that mast cells induce anjiogenesis in gastric carcinoma. Mast cells on the other hand may be helpful in predicting metastatic disease in gastric carcinoma

Glomerular HLA DR DP DQ expression in renal diseases

The expression of major histocompatibility antigens class II (MHC II) in renal diseases has been studied extensively in the tubulo-interstitial compartment, while there are few articles about their expression in the glomeruli. In this series, glomerular expression of HLA DR DP DQ is evaluated in a total of 62 cases of pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis and systemic diseases with renal manifestations in order to identify their relationship with disease status and renal scarring. Formaline fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from renal biopsy and nefrectomy specimens were stained by an antibody against HLA DR DP DQ by the streptavidin biotin method. Autopsy kidneys were used as control tissues. In order to understand the significance of glomerular HLA DR DP DQ expression in renal tissues, the results were correlated with glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation by Spearman and Pearson correlation tests. Disease groups were compared with Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests in independent samples. Increased expression was identified in cases with chronic pyelonephritis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis compared with autopsy kidneys. On the other hand, when all the cases were considered, no correlation was found between glomerular HLA expression and glomerular sclerosis (p=0.458, r=-0.104), tubular atrophy (p=0.9, r=0.018) interstitial fibrosis (p=0.725, r=-0.049) and inflammation (p=0.987, r= 0.002). As there are few cases in each disease category, it is hard to reach definite conclusions about the different nature of HLA class II antigen expression in renal diseases. But their effect on renal scarring is not indicated by this study

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in laryngeal preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a member of gelatinases, is particularly important in the digestion of nonfibrillary and denaturated collagens; thus, it may play a role in tissue remodeling and in the invasion of malignant cells. The expression of MMP-2 has not yet been described in preneoplastic lesions of the larynx thus far. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the expression of MMP-2 plays a role in early laryngeal carcinogenesis

p53 protein overexpression and its prognostic significance in adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary glands

Purpose: To evaluate p53 protein overexpression in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary glands and examine its relation with tumor stage, nodal stage, histological subtype and prognosis of disease. Materials and methods: Fifteen primary ACC cases of the salivary glands were evaluated. Sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were stained with anti p53 protein antibody recognising both wild type and mutant forms, by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the streptavidine-biotin method. The staining was scored as negative, weak, moderate and strongly positive. The results were correlated with tumor stage, lymph node stage, histologic subtype and prognosis. Results: Eight (53.33%) of the cases were positive, all with weak staining except for a case with metastatic lymph nodes which showed a strong staining for p53 protein. Seventy five percent of T4 cases and 66% of predominantly solid ACC subtype cases were p53 positive. Statistical analysis could not be performed since the number of cases was small. However, the findings suggest p53 protein overexpression in advanced and solid subtype cases. Two of 10 cases with adequate follow up were disease-free after 44 and 60 months, despite the fact that they were p53 positive. Of the 8 cases with tumor recurrence or disease-related death, 3 (37.5%) were p53 positive. Conclusion: These results do not point to a role of p53 protein overexpression as a prognostic factor for ACC of the salivary glands

Use of technetium-99m HMPAO scintigraphy for the detection of amiodarone lung toxicity in a rabbit model

Amiodarone (AD) is a very effective anti-arrhythmic drug, but its use is often associated with serious pulmonary complications such as pneumonitis and interstitial pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the amount of amiodarone intake land the related development of lung toxicity) and the lung uptake of technetium-99m labelled D,L-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). Eighteen white female New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups and fed AD by gavage at doses of 10 (group A), 50 (group B) or 150 (group C) mg/kg daily. Tc-99m-HMPAO scintigraphy was performed at baseline and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of drug intake. Anterior images of 1 min duration were acquired at 30 min after the injection of 37 MBq Tc-99m-HMPAO. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on the lungs (L) and the upper limb (B) as the background. L/B ratios were calculated using the mean counts. In groups A and B histopathological evaluation of the lungs of all rabbits was performed at the end of the 4 weeks of AD intake, while in group C it was performed at 2 weeks because of increased mortality. At baseline, mean L/B ratios for groups A, B and C were 2.8 +/-0.3, 2.8 +/-0.3 and 2. 8 +/-0.4, respectively. After 3 weeks of AD intake, L/B ratios increased to 4.1 +/-0.6 and 4.8 +/-0.6 in groups A and B, respectively. The L/B ratio was 3.6 +/-0.2 after 1 week of AD intake in group C. The correlation coefficients between the lung uptake of Tc-99m-HMPAO and AD doses for groups A, B and C were r=0.51 (P=0.037), r=0.74 (P=0.0002) and r=0.96 (P=0.0001), respectively. Histopathological findings related to AD lung toxicity, such as interstitial pneumonitis and foamy alveolar macrophages, were observed more frequently in groups B and C than in group A. According to our findings, Tc-99m-HMPAO lung uptake is correlated with AD dose. Tc-99m-HMPAO lung imaging can demonstrate AD-induced lung injury

Extensive local invasive epi-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland

Purpose: Epi-myoepithelial carcinomas (EMC) of the salivary glands are rare, low grade malignant neoplasms with high propensity for recurrence. Local invasion into muscles and nerves has been noted at presentation, but extensive invasion even to the auditory canal and foramen jugulare has not been previously described. Herein, the case of a 62-year old male patient with a deep parotid region mass extending to the auditory canal is presented. The histology from the auditory canal showed a clear cell tumor, as only actin and S100 positivity was observed, without any epithelial differentiation. Proper diagnosis could be made after resection. EMC are known as low grade malignancies, but this case describes another feature of them. They can be extensively invasive and aggressive