Application of waste wood for receiving building materials

Organic building materials include wooden materials and items, polymer-based materials and also organic binders and bitumen-based materials. The properties of wood, its application are described in the article

Application of waste wood for receiving building materials

Organic building materials include wooden materials and items, polymer-based materials and also organic binders and bitumen-based materials. The properties of wood, its application are described in the article

Evidence for preferential copackaging of Moloney murine leukemia virus genomic RNAs transcribed in the same chromosomal site

BACKGROUND: Retroviruses have a diploid genome and recombine at high frequency. Recombinant proviruses can be generated when two genetically different RNA genomes are packaged into the same retroviral particle. It was shown in several studies that recombinant proviruses could be generated in each round of HIV-1 replication, whereas the recombination rates of SNV and Mo-MuLV are 5 to 10-fold lower. The reason for these differences is not clear. One possibility is that these retroviruses may differ in their ability to copackage genomic RNAs produced at different chromosomal loci. RESULTS: To investigate whether there is a difference in the efficiency of heterodimer formation when two proviruses have the same or different chromosomal locations, we introduced two different Mo-MuLV-based retroviral vectors into the packaging cell line using either the cotransfection or sequential transfection procedure. The comparative study has shown that the frequency of recombination increased about four-fold when the cotransfection procedure was used. This difference was not associated with possible recombination of retroviral vectors during or after cotransfection and the ratios of retroviral virion RNAs were the same for two variants of transfection. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that a mechanism exists to enable the preferential copackaging of Mo-MuLV genomic RNA molecules that are transcribed on the same DNA template. The properties of Mo-MuLV genomic RNAs transport, processing or dimerization might be responsible for this preference. The data presented in this report can be useful when designing methods to study different aspects of replication and recombination of a diploid retroviral genome

ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE POSSIBILITY FOR CREATING IT CLUSTERS IN Kazakhstan REGIONS1

The paper is devoted to the development of general methodological approaches to evaluate and identify the possibility for creating IT clusters in Kazakhstan regions. The present study considers the formation of IT clusters as growth poles. These poles are based on the establishing the groups of interconnected companies and institutions in IT industry linked by commonalities. The analysis of previous literature has shown that this approach is a novel approach to IT clusters formation. The study employs methods, which focus on analyzing and identifying IT clusters in the interests of innovative development and the possibility of spreading information technology in Kazakhstan regions. We propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form to assess innovative potential and industry specialization. This assessment allows to objectively and realistically define a potentially important region for creating IT cluster. The empirical analysis has identified certain trends in possibilities to create IT clusters in the cities of Almaty and Astana. Therefore, these regions play the role of specialized platforms for a new generation. This platform is to provide a multiplier effect on the development of the agglomeration and located in close territories or periphery. The results of this research can be used to elaborate important strategic documents in the field of the development of the IT industry, digital technology, knowledge-based and high-tech sectors in Kazakhstan on the way to Industry 4.0. © 2018 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

Evaluation of interspecific populations of grapevine in breeding for complex resistance to fungal diseases and phylloxera

Roentgenoscopy was used as a method to determine the quality of hybrid seeds and to predict the development of viable plants from interspecific hybridization. The seeds were grouped into five classes of quality (embryo classes) depending on embryo size and degree of endosperm development As the index number of a class increased, the proportion of plantlets and vigorous plants produced also increased. In order to evaluate genotypic peculiarities of the original forms and seedlings, the seedlings were studied at the juvenile stage of ontogeny. Analysis of development of the hybrids studied during 5-6 years under conditions of complex infection pressure at a special planting site made it possible to evaluate the degree of their resistance to phylloxera, pathogenic soil microflora and fungal diseases and to eliminate susceptible genotypes. The heritability of resistance to fungal diseases (mildew, oidium, grey rot) and phylloxera was studied, conclusions were made concerning the combining ability of the original forms, and these forms were evaluated as donors of the desirable characters. Using transgressive resistant hybrids as donors in backcrossing provided improved quality with a broad range of resistance variability, which made it possible to select promising genotypes

Analysis of the Digital Readiness and the Level of the ICT Development in Kazakhstan’s Regions

The level of digital readiness and the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) are key factors of any innovation policy. This research has highlighted the development of analysis of the degree of digital readiness and assessment methods of digital transformations, which can be used at various levels of business management to formulate digital transformation strategies. The present study investigates the theoretical framework in the field of innovation and spatial development considering the impact of the level of ICT. The research was conducted using index and economic-statistical methods based on a systematic approach. We developed a methodological tool adapted to the regional management level. The ICT development index, Krugman localisation index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index were modified to analyse digital readiness and ICT development at the regional level. The algorithm includes the following steps: assessment of the internet usage level; analysis of the degree of costs for the production of ICT; evaluation of the digital literacy rate of the population; evaluation of the degree of regional industry specialisation in the field of ICT. It was revealed that Kazakhstan’s regions have varying levels of ICT development, which is why they have different prerequisites and prospects for digitalising their economy. The agglomerations that could become “growth poles” of Kazakhstan’s knowledge-based economy were identified, such as Almaty city, Nur-Sultan city, Karaganda, and Aktobe regions. Government bodies can use the research findings for Kazakhstani territories’ digital modernisation

Analysis of the Digital Readiness and the Level of the ICT Development in Kazakhstan’s Regions

The level of digital readiness and the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) are key factors of any innovation policy. This research has highlighted the development of analysis of the degree of digital readiness and assessment methods of digital transformations, which can be used at various levels of business management to formulate digital transformation strategies. The present study investigates the theoretical framework in the field of innovation and spatial development considering the impact of the level of ICT. The research was conducted using index and economic-statistical methods based on a systematic approach. We developed a methodological tool adapted to the regional management level. The ICT development index, Krugman localisation index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index were modified to analyse digital readiness and ICT development at the regional level. The algorithm includes the following steps: assessment of the internet usage level; analysis of the degree of costs for the production of ICT; evaluation of the digital literacy rate of the population; evaluation of the degree of regional industry specialisation in the field of ICT. It was revealed that Kazakhstan’s regions have varying levels of ICT development, which is why they have different prerequisites and prospects for digitalising their economy. The agglomerations that could become “growth poles” of Kazakhstan’s knowledge-based economy were identified, such as Almaty city, Nur-Sultan city, Karaganda, and Aktobe regions. Government bodies can use the research findings for Kazakhstani territories’ digital modernisation

Оценка неравенства распределения доходов и образования в регионах Казахстана

Важной социальной проблемой является вопрос неравномерного распределения доходов. В связи с этим актуальным становится изучение региональных различий в распределении доходов в развивающихся странах, таких как Казахстан. Цель исследования - оценка влияния доходов, социальных расходов и неравенства на образование и затраты на образование в различных регионах Казахстана. В отличие от предыдущих научных работ в этой области, в данной статье анализируются панельные данные о распределении человеческого капитала и доходов в 17 регионах Казахстана. Для статистической оценки использован показатель дифференциации, отражающий степень социального и экономического неравенства. На основе предложенной методики проанализированы различия в уровне образования. Согласно полученным данным, неравенство меняется с течением времени и влияет как на образование, так и на затраты на образование в различных сферах. Неравенство доходов несколько выше в Карагандинской и Восточно-Казахстанской областях; в других регионах доходы распределены более равномерно, примерно на 0,05 коэффициента Джини. Спецификация регрессии показывает, что в крупных мегаполисах, таких как Шымкент, Алматы и Астана, исследуемые показатели оказывают большее влияние, тогда как в Мангистауской и Северо-Казахстанской областях их воздействие меньше. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность образования для сокращения региональных различий и достижения равномерного распределения доходов.In the current social conditions, the problems of inequality associated with the uneven distribution of income in society is an important research problem. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the level of regional differences in income distribution in developing countries like Kazakhstan. The study aims to assess the influence of income, social expenditures, and inequality in the distribution of education and education costs between different regions of Kazakhstan. Unlike previous scientific papers in this area, this paper uses panel data on the distribution of human capital and income in 17 regions of Kazakhstan. The methodological framework of the research is represented by methods of statistical assessment of economic inequality, such as the indicator of differentiation, reflecting the degree of social and economic inequality. Based on the proposed methodology, we analysed the disparity in the level of education and obtained data on the standard deviations of the distribution of education for the population of the regions of Kazakhstan. According to these data, inequality changes over time and affects the distribution of education and education costs between different areas. Income inequality is slightly higher in Karaganda and East-Kazakhstan regions; other areas have a more equitable income distribution by about 0.05 Gini coefficients. The regression specification shows that large megacities like Shymkent, Almaty, and Astana have a more significant influence, while Mangystau and North-Kazakhstan regions have minor power. The obtained results emphasise the importance ensuring access to education for reducing regional disparities and achieving stability in income distribution.Статья подготовлена при поддержке Комитета науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан, проект AP09259332 «Трансформация экономического сознания общества в условиях патологии экономики (на примере Республики Казахстан)».The article has been prepared with the support of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the project AP09259332 “Transformation of the economic conscious of society in the conditions of the pathology of the economy (on the example of the Republic of Kazakhstan)”

Анализ цифровой готовности и уровня развития информационных и коммуникационных технологий в регионах Казахстана

Ключевыми аспектами инновационной политики являются цифровая готовность и применение информационных и коммуникационных технологий. В статье представлены методы анализа уровня цифровой готовности и оценки цифровых трансформаций, которые могут быть использованы для разработки стратегий цифровой трансформации на всех уровнях управления бизнесом. Теоретические основы в области инноваций и пространственного развития были рассмотрены с учетом влияния информационных и коммуникационных технологий. В исследовании применялись индексный и экономикостатистический методы, опирающиеся на системный подход. Разработанная методика была адаптирована для оценки уровней управления в регионах. Для анализа цифровой готовности и развития информационных и коммуникационных технологий на региональном уровне были использованы модифицированные показатели: индекс развития информационных и коммуникационных технологий, индекс локализации Кругмана и индекс Херфиндаля - Хиршмана. Предложенный в статье алгоритм состоит из следующих этапов: оценка уровня использования интернета, анализ затрат на производство информационных и коммуникационных технологий, оценка уровня цифровой грамотности населения, оценка степени отраслевой специализации регионов в сфере информационных и коммуникационных технологий. Выявлено, что разный уровень развития информационных и коммуникационных технологий в регионах Казахстана влияет на перспективы цифровизации их экономики. Определены агломерации, которые могут стать полюсами роста экономики знаний в Казахстане - г. Алматы, г. Нурсултан, Карагандинская и Актюбинская области. Полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы государственными органами Казахстана для цифровой модернизации регионов страны.The level of digital readiness and the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) are key factors of any innovation policy. This research has highlighted the development of analysis of the degree of digital readiness and assessment methods of digital transformations, which can be used at various levels of business management to formulate digital transformation strategies. The present study investigates the theoretical framework in the field of innovation and spatial development considering the impact of the level of ICT. The research was conducted using index and economic-statistical methods based on a systematic approach. We developed a methodological tool adapted to the regional management level. The ICT development index, Krugman localisation index and Herfindahl-Hirschman index were modified to analyse digital readiness and ICT development at the regional level. The algorithm includes the following steps: assessment of the internet usage level; analysis of the degree of costs for the production of ICT; evaluation of the digital literacy rate of the population; evaluation of the degree of regional industry specialisation in the field of ICT. It was revealed that Kazakhstan's regions have varying levels of ICT development, which is why they have different prerequisites and prospects for digitalising their economy. The agglomerations that could become “growth poles” of Kazakhstan's knowledge-based economy were identified, such as Almaty city, Nur-Sultan city, Karaganda, and Aktobe regions. Government bodies can use the research findings for Kazakhstani territories' digital modernisation.Статья подготовлена на основе научного исследования, проведенного в рамках грантового проекта ИРН BR05236639 «Казахстанский путь к наукоемкой экономике на основе третьей технологической модернизации: стратегия, модели и механизмы развития».The article has been prepared based on the conducted scientific research, the grant-funding project IRN BR05236639 “Kazakhstan’s path to a knowledge-based economy based on the third technological modernization: strategy, models and mechanisms of development”