SYNTHESIS AND IN-VITRO STUDY OF NOVEL (Z)-1-BENZHYDRYL-4-CINNAMYLPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS

Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize Z- 1-benzhydryl-4-cinnamylpiperazines by novel stereo selective synthetic method and evaluation of their anticancer properties.Methods: A series of novel (Z)-1-benzhydryl-4-cinnamylpiperazine derivatives (9a-j) were synthesized, starting from benzophenones in six steps. Wittig condensation of appropriate benzyltriphenyl phosphonium halides with various 1-benzhydryl- 4-(2-ethanal) piperazines (3a-j), and column purification over silica gel afforded pure Z- 1-benzhydryl-4-cinnamylpiperazines.Results: The structures of newly synthesized compounds 9a-j were established by 1H & 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. The anticancer potential (MTT assay) of synthesized compounds was tested against human cervical cancer (HeLa) and murine microglial (BV-2) cell lines. Results indicated that the most of the Z-derivatives exhibited moderate to good anticancer activity on both the cell lines over their E- antipodes.Conclusion: Compound 9i (cis- flunarizine) exhibited exceptionally superior activity against both HeLa and BV-2 cell lines with IC50 value of 13.23±3.51 µM and 23.1±4.12 µM respectively. Hence, this compound may be considered to be a potential lead molecule for further developmentÂ

Origin, Importance of Dictionary and Vocabulary with special reference to Agriculture : An out Look

The Dictionary in modern times is a user friendly tool, but is neglected in classrooms. The approaches , principles and politics of dictionaries converge on to the making of a tool that is easy and amenable as possible. Thus Dictionaries are always works in progress. This paper attempts to trace the changes in lexicography. From the perspective of the ELT, it briefly surveys the origin of Dictionaries, importance, the main issue raised here is the point that dictionaries are arguably the best aids available for our learners, to achieve learning process through a truly learner-centred approach

TRANSIENT THERMAL ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE EFFECT OF CUTTING FLUIDS ON HSS AND CARBIDE CUTTING TOOLS

The ordinary purpose of this examines have become to analyze the temperature performing on the cutting tool via the finite element approach. A machining device has a good manner to combine immoderate hardness with immoderate fracture power at prolonged temperature. An immoderate thermal conductivity is likewise the favoured device belongings because of the reality that it will reduce the tendency to close with the aid of thermal softening. The time period tool bit typically refers to a non-rotary reducing tool utilized in steel lathes, shapers, and planers. Such cutters also are frequently stated with the beneficial useful resource of the use of the set-word call of the single-point reducing device. The reducing location is ground to wholesome a selected machining operation and can be resharpened or reshaped as desired. The ground tool bit is held rigidly via a tool holder at the equal time as its far reducing. Originally, all device bits have been the made of immoderate carbon device steels with the excellent hardening and tempering. Since the introductions of high-pace metal, sintered carbide, ceramic and diamond cutters, the pleasant substances have frequently changed the sooner styles of tool steel in nearly all reducing packages. Most device bits these days are the manufactured from HSS, cobalt steel, or carbide. In this thesis soluble oil, water and palm kernel oil have been used as coolants in machining operations. Tungsten carbide and HSS decreasing machine are employed as a cutter with unique temperatures. Thermal assessment is achieved on the parametric version to decide the impact of numerous reducing fluids at the cutters

Luciferin Amides Enable in Vivo Bioluminescence Detection of Endogenous Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity

Firefly luciferase is homologous to fatty acyl-CoA synthetases. We hypothesized that the firefly luciferase substrate d-luciferin and its analogs are fatty acid mimics that are ideally suited to probe the chemistry of enzymes that release fatty acid products. Here, we synthesized luciferin amides and found that these molecules are hydrolyzed to substrates for firefly luciferase by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In the presence of luciferase, these molecules enable highly sensitive and selective bioluminescent detection of FAAH activity in vitro, in live cells, and in vivo. The potency and tissue distribution of FAAH inhibitors can be imaged in live mice, and luciferin amides serve as exemplary reagents for greatly improved bioluminescence imaging in FAAH-expressing tissues such as the brain

A Prospective-Comparative Study on Extremity of Stroke in Patients with and Without Atrial Fibrillation as a Clinical Predictor

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of ischemic stroke. It is critical to confirm the impact of AF on stroke outcomes. Objective: To assess the risk factors for stroke in conditions with or without atrial fibrillation. • To compare stroke severity and outcomes in stroke patients with or without atrial fibrillation. • To assess the vascular risk factors and co-morbid conditions Method: Analysis of the patient's medical information, such as age, gender, kind of stroke, location, mode of therapy, severity, and results. antithrombotic therapy) on 100 stroke victims (50 of them who exhibited AF and the other 50 without). Results: Age 61 to 80 were associated with a greater risk of strokes (33% non-AF, 14% AF), while age groups 81 and above were associated with a higher chance of atrial fibrillation (2% AF).men and females had the same incidence of AF (12% each), with the exception that females were more common in the non-AF group (47%) than men (29%). Patients with ischemic stroke were more prevalent (73%), but patients with hemorrhagic stroke (6% AF, 9% non-AF) were more likely to have it. The CHAD2DS2-VASc SCORE and AH showed that hypertensive people had a greater risk of stroke in both the AF (10%) and non-AF (46%) groups. Overall, the AF (10%) and non-AF (46%) groups had hypertension as the most common co-morbid disease, with antihypertensive medications being the commonest prescribed medicine (23% AF, 59% non-AF). Conclusion: The study concluded that if treatment methods for atrial fibrillation and stroke are given, patient outcomes can be improved with sufficient assessment and strict adherence

Demographics and Histopathological Patterns of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma at a Tertiary Level Referral Hospital in Hyderabad, India: A 5-Year Retrospective Study

Background: To study the demographics and histopathological patterns of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) reported at a tertiary level referral teaching hospital in Hyderabad, India. Materials and methods: An institutional retrospective study of biopsies sent to a tertiary level referral teaching hospital, Hyderabad. The data was collected year-wise for a period of 5 years from 2007 to 2011 with reference to age, sex, site involved and final diagnosis based on the histopathological findings. Results: A total of 1,005 oral biopsies were reviewed. Of these, OSCC was seen in 234 cases (23.28%). Buccal mucosa (47.7%) was the most frequently involved site followed by tongue (27.6%). Most of the OSCC patients were in the age group of 41 to 50 years, males and histopathologically well-differentiated (62%). Conclusion: This study showed that OSCC is widespread in the patients of this region

Enhanced optical limiting and nonlinear absorption properties of azoarene-appended phosphorus (V) tetratolylporphyrins

Optical limiting performance, third-order nonlinearity X(3), and nonlinear absorption properties have been investigated in a new class of azoarene phosphorus (V) porphyrins with charge transfer (CT) states. The introduction of axial azoarene groups into the phosphorus porphyrin structure is found to reduce the limiting threshold by a factor of 2 and lead to a rise in the second hyperpolarizability by 1 order of magnitude in the picosecond time regime and by 2 orders of magnitude in the nanosecond regime. The experimental data show reverse saturation of absorption in the nanosecond time regime and a saturation of the nonlinear absorption above a fluence of 0.5 J/cm2 in the picosecond regime. The presence of the CT state reduces saturation of excited-state absorption (ESA) in the S1 → Sn transition through the S1 → CT transition. Faster CT → T1 transition increases the ESA from T1 → Tn states in the nanosecond regime. A self-consistent theoretical analysis based on rate equations is used to estimate the high-lying excited-state lifetimes and absorption cross sections from the experimental results

Contribution of two-photon and excited state absorption in 'axial-bonding' type hybrid porphyrin arrays under resonant electronic excitation

Two-photon absorption (2PA) and excited state absorption (ESA) properties of 'axial-bonding' type hybrid porphyrin arrays are investigated in the picosecond regime under single-photon resonant excitation condition. A crossover from reverse saturable absorption (RSA) to saturable absorption (SA) and back to RSA is observed with the increase of excitation intensity. In the corresponding intensity ranges, third- and fifth-order phase conjugate signals from degenerate four wave mixing are observed. These observations are explained using rate equations for population densities in a three-level energy scheme. At higher intensities, 2PA is found to be dominant contributor to nonlinear absorption compared to ESA

Nonlinear absorption properties of 'axial-bonding' type tin(IV) tetratolylporphyrin based hybrid porphyrin arrays

The nonlinear absorption properties of 'axial-bonding' type hybrid porphyrin arrays based on a tin(IV) tetratolylporphyrin (SnTTP) scaffold are studied with picosecond and nanosecond pulses. The effect of different central metal atoms substituted adjacent to the tin(IV) porphyrin in the oligomer structure is discussed. In the picosecond regime the lifetimes of the excited singlet states and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes dominate leading to interesting switching of nonlinear absorption behaviour. The TPA cross-section (σTPA) is found to be as high as 396 × 10-46 cm4 s photon-1 molecule-1, for an oligomer with Sn and Ni porphyrin macrocycles. However, in the nanosecond regime the optical limiting performance has increased considerably with increasing number of porphyrins in the array and excited state absorption is found to play a major role

Biological Activities and Phytochemical Constituents of Trailing Daisy Trilobata: A Review

The traditional system of medicinal plants have been found to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, analgesic properties etc. Plant-derived drugs are used to cure mental illness, skin diseases, tuberculosis, diabetes, jaundice, hypertension, and cancer. Wedelia Trilobata belongs to family Asteraceae. Leaf, stem, and flower of Wedelia trilobata show anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity. Phytochemical screening of the extract has been reported to show the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, saponins, and coumarins. Wedelia Trilobata is also used in reproductive problems, amenorrhea, chest cold, dry cough, and fever. The present review aims to the study was phytoconstituents, biological and pharmacological activities of Wedelia trilobata. This study suggested a possible use of Wedelia trilobata as a source of natural medicines as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic agents. Keywords: Wedelia Trilobata, Trialing daisy trilobata, Complaya trilobata(L), Sphagneticola Trilobata, pharmacological review