COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FISH DIVERSITY IN TWO LENTIC WATER BODIES OF BHADRAVATHI TALUK, KARNATAKA

The fish diversity of the Nagappanakere tank and Kudligere tank in relation to physico-chemical parameters was studied by monthly samples taken from February 2010 to January 2011. In this study, Nagappanakere tank supported 13 fish species belonging to 04 orders, 06 families and 12 genera. While, Kudligere tank supported 18 fish species belonging to 04 orders, 07 families and 15 genera. Among fish families Cyprinidae was dominant in both the water bodies. In Nagappanakere tank as far as biodiversity status (IUCN-1994) is concerned, 03 species is Not assessed (23.08 %), 06 species as lower risk-near threatened (46.15 %), vulnerable 02 species (15.38%), lower risk least concern is one (7.70%) and 01 species included under the category of Data deficient (7.69%). However, in Kudligere tank 01 species is endangered (5.55 %), 07 species as lower risk-near threatened (38.89 %), vulnerable 02 species (11.11%), lower risk least concern is one (5.55%) , 06 species included under the category of Not assessed (33.33%) and 01 species consider as Data deficient with 5.55%. Physico-chemical characteristics responsible for the occurrence and distribution of fishes in these water bodies are discussed. Hence, proper management and utilization of this fish wealth is necessary to take up the sustainable steps to monitor and conserve fish health

ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY IN DUGLAPURA LAKE OF CHIKMAGALUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

The fishes plays an important role in human health and national economy. The current study was undertaken with the purpose of assessing the fish diversity in Duglapura lake of Chikmagalur district, Karnataka during June to December 2009. The present study has shown that lake supports low fish diversity and hence 12 fish species were recorded belonging to 4 orders, 6 families and 11 genera. Among the families Cyprinidae was the most dominant in the assemblage composition with 58.33% and rest of the families viz., Channidae, Cichlidae, Gobiidae, Notopteridae and Heteropneustidae each with 8.33% respectively. As far as Biodiversity status is concerned (IUCN-1994), 05 fish species are categorized into LR-nt, 3 Not assessed 3 Vulnerable and one as LR-lc respectively. Economic value of fishes is discussed in this paper. Therefore, for the proper management and utilization of this fish wealth, it is necessary to take up the sustainable steps to monitor and conserve this fish health in this lake

Shrimp Aquaculture: Diseases, Health Management, Exotic Introduction and Regulations

India has vast natural resources suitable for the development of aquaculture in the marine, brackishwater and freshwater environments. A long coast line 8118 km along with 3.5 million ha of estuaries and 3.9 million ha of backwaters, our potential for the development is immense. It is estimated that an area of 1.2 million ha are suitable for the development of brackishwater aquaculture. A major share of this potential area lies in the states of West Bengal (34 per cent) and Gujarat (32 per cent) where they greatly remain under utilized. Andhra Pradesh has been leading the country with its enterprising farmers both in utilization (50 per cent) of the potential land and in quantity produced. The latest estimates places the total brackishwater area developed for aquaculture at 1,90,000 ha with a national average of 16 per cent

Secured System Layer Routing Protocols On Imperative Sensor Nodes

Sensor technology has shown tremendous development in the field of data environment like tracking and detection. The participating sensor nodes are prone to failure because of limited resources or limitations in security. The topology of the networks is highly dynamic in nature because of frequent failure of the sensor nodes. The Quality of Service (QoS) support to highly dynamic networks is one of the challenging tasks. In wireless sensor organize, security is a fundamental position in well-lit of its utilization in applications like monitoring, tracking, controlling, surveillance etc. Secure correspondence is greatly critical in conveying key data precisely and on the time through asset imperative sensor nodes. A 3 stage approach gives a secure message conveyance alternative to amplify the message conveyance proportion under antagonistic assaults. Firstly, we have outlined the system layer routing assaults on WSNs. Also, we have given a scientific categorization of secure routing protocols of WSNs. Thirdly, we have given a subjective correlation of existing secure routing protocols. The above quantitative secure investigation on the proposed routing convention in light of the criteria proposed

Randomized double blind comparative study on efficacy and safety of oral oxaceprol 200 mg versus oral diclofenac 50 mg in patients with moderate osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis of knee is the most common form of arthritis globally, approximately 250 million people are suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee alone throughout the world. It is a chronic joint disease leading to cause cartilage degradation that involves synovial Inflammation, Subchondral bone remodelling, and Formation of osteophyte pathologically, which leads to cause pain, joint destruction and difficulty in walking. Aim of the current study was to compare the safety and efficacy of oxaceprol 200 mg versus diclofenac 50 mg in patients with moderate osteoarthritis and to determine cost-effectiveness between these two drugsMethods: this is a randomized controlled study, in our study total of 94 patients were screened, of which 85 patients met inclusion & exclusion criteria. In this, 78 members gave written informed consent, they were randomly assigned by double-blind fashion into two treatment groups (oxaceprol and diclofenac). Results were analyzed by applying paired and unpaired student t-test by using SPSS softwareResults: In our study, both oxaceprol and diclofenac were extremely significant in reducing joint pain and joint stiffness and improving physical activity, but when comparing with one another oxaceprol group showed better results in improving physical activityConclusions: From our study, it is concluded that oxaceprol is equally efficacious as diclofenac in reducing knee pain, joint stiffness but more efficacious than diclofenac in improving physical activity of patients by enhancing bone remodelling

Comparison of different brands of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants: a cost analysis study

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are structurally distinct drugs prescribed for reducing muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants are manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies with variable price. The present study, aimed to analyze the cost variation of various brands of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants, so as to help the physician to choose the cost effective treatment.Methods: Current index of medical stores (CIMS) April 2018 and online literature were used as information guide to review the prices of drugs used in the treatment of musculo skeletal pain and spastic neurological disorders.Results: Among anti spasmodic group, thiocolchicoside 4 mg shows maximum price variation of 337.5%, whereas carisoprodol 350 mg shows the least variation of 0.1%. It is evident from antispastic group that baclofen 10 mg shows maximum price variation of 93.91% and 5 mg of Baclofen shows the least variation of 11.22%. It is observed that, among anti spastic group, a percentage prize variation of 93.91 for 10 mg and 11.22 for 5 mg baclofen. Largest % prize variation is seen in metaxalone + diclofenac sodium (400+50) mg as 525% and the least variation is observed in tolperisone+ paracetamol (150+325) mg as 3.88%.Conclusions: Centrally acting orally effective skeletal muscle relaxants are commonly prescribed for painful musculoskeletal and spastic neurological disorders. Physicians should give due importance for the cost of the drugs while selecting appropriate drug for musculo skeletal disorders

Results of unicompartmental osteoarthritis knee treated with high tibial osteotomy: a case series

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) being a re-emerged common procedure in orthopaedic practice now, which is safe and relatively simple and cost-effective technique requiring careful selection of subjects and precision of technique. Background: In isolated medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis (OA) of knee, in a physiologically young and high demanding individual, where preservation of knee is required, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty are not considered as treatment options. HTO is an excellent treatment option where the requirement of technical skills and infrastructure are less and high-volume low-cost surgeries can be performed with minimum instrumentation. 20 selected patients with unicompartmental OA of knee who attended the OPD of orthopaedics, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital were the subjects of this study, during the period of study from June 2020 to May 2021. In our study, average age was 55.9 years; higher incidence among females; higher incidence of OA in left knee; 80% of cases presented at Kellgren and Lawrence grade 2 and 3; most of the cases were having BMI within normal range and varus deformity of knee; plate and screw fixation after HTO provides more rigid fixation than staples alone. In this study, we got 60% good and 30% fair results after 6 months to 1 year of follow-up. Successful HTO is a very effective alternative low-cost surgery that makes it possible to delay or avoid knee arthroplasty in well selected patients

Synthesis of AgInS2 nanoparticles Directly in Poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) Matrix: Photoluminescence quenching studies

Inorganic semiconductor AgInS, nanoparticles and P3HT/AgInS2 composite was synthesized by decomposition of silver indium xanthate. The synthesized nanoparticles and composite were characterized by XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy. PL quenching of the composite demonstrate that the electron transfer from polymer to inorganic NPs through ex-situ solution blending is less efficient in PL quenching as compared to in-situ synthesis