THE FIRST RECORD OF RUBUS APRICUS IN HUNGARY – ON THE SOUTHERNMOST POINT OF THE DISTRIBUTION AREA

Rubus apricus Wimmer, a species of Rubus ser. Hystrix, is reported from Hungary for the fi rst time. Th is Central European nemophilous bramble species was found at one locality in the Belső-Somogy region, SW Hungary; this record represents by far the southernmost point of the distribution area. The paper presents the morphological features and the distribution of the species, the characterisation of the newly discovered locality and the assessment of the possible ways of the introduction. Th e Hungarian locality is situated in an approximately 80 years old, mixed Scots pine plantation on mesic-slightly wet acidic sandy soil. Th e origin of the stand is dubious, both the introduction by saplings or seeds used during forest regeneration and a natural colonisation as a consequence of a long distance endozoochorous dispersal event are possible. The latter variation is strengthened by the presence of several other Central European bramble species in the pine plantations of the region

Adatok a Kisalföld flórájához és növényföldrajzához = Data to the flora and geobotany of Kisalföld (Lesser Plain) region, NW Hungary

Abstract – Lesser Plain (Kisalföld) – divided among three countries (Austria, Hungary and Slovakia) – is the westernmost part of the lowland areas of the Pannonian Basin. Present paper provides a résumé of the authors’ floristic work from the Hungarian part of the area, describing localities, habitats and regional phytogeography of 57 taxa altogether. The localities were listed according to the classification of small geographic regions. The most important results of the study are as follows: • We recorded 5 species new to the region (Brachypodium rupestre, Bromus ramosus, Hypericum dubium, Lathyrus sphaericus, Tordylium maximum); all of them can be considered as submontanemontane elements. • We reported several species new to a microregion within the Lesser Plain: montane species in the W-SW part of the Plain (Cirsium rivulare, Dryopteris dilatata, Equisetum telmateia), loess-connected species mainly on the Moson Plateau (Agropyron cristatum, Allium atroviolaceum, Euphorbia salicifolia, Viola ambigua); and occurrences of species on sandy soils near the Lake Fertő (Draba nemorosa, Stipa pennata). • We explained the known localities of several salt tolerant species (e.g. Carex divisa, Crypsis alopecuroides, Juncus maritimus, Limonium gmelinii, Suaeda pannonica) from the Lake Fertő and its surroundings. • We assessed the role of the forest management and nature conservational actions in the distribution of some important tree species (Acer tataricum, Betula pubescens, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus petraea, Salix pentandra). • We discussed the regional nature conservational status of several protected and/or threatened species (e.g. Allium carinatum, Allium suaveolens, Carex strigosa, Hottonia palustris, Potamogeton coloratus, Stellaria palustris) in the Lesser Plain. The activities of the authors in the surroundings of Győr were supported by monitoring results gained during the Hungarian Little Plain project (LIFE08 NAT/H/000289). Keywords: floristic studies, geobotany, nature conservation, salt tolerant species, steppe flora | Összefoglaló – A Kisalföld flórája számos kistáj és növénycsoport tekintetében kifejezetten jól feltárt, de akadnak nagyon hiányosan ismert területei is, elsősorban a régió nyugati részén. A szerzők 2001– 2014 közötti terepkutatásaik legfontosabb kisalföldi eredményeit adják közre a dolgozatban, amely 57 taxon adatait tartalmazza. A Kisalföld magyarországi oldalára új 5 faj (Brachypodium rupestre, Bromus ramosus, Hypericum dubium, Lathyrus sphaericus, Tordylium maximum) felfedezése. Számos faj egyes kistájakra nézve jelent újdonságot, a legtöbb ilyen adat azokról a kistájakról származik, amelyeket korábban alig vizsgáltak (Fertő-medence, Kapuvári-sík, Mosoni-sík). Nagy jelentőségűek a Fertő- medence egyes sziki fajaival kapcsolatos megfigyelések (Carex divisa, Crypsis schoenoides, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda pannonica, S. prostrata), mivel előfordulások a Fertő magyar oldalán tisztázatlan volt. A szerzők elemezték egyes fafajok (Acer tataricum, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus petraea) őshonosságának kérdéskörét a térségben, továbbá értékelést adtak egyes védett vagy veszélyeztetett fajok (pl. Allium carinatum, Allium suaveolens, Betula pubescens, Carex strigosa, Potamogeton coloratus, Stellaria palustris) aktuális természetvédelmi helyzetéről is. Kulcsszavak: flórakutatás, növényföldrajz, sziki és erdőssztyep növényfajok, természetvédele

NEW STAGE OF THE INVASION: SPOROBOLUS VAGINIFLORUS (POACEAE) REACHED HUNGARY

Sporobolus vaginifl orus, a “for a long time expected” invasive alien of North American origin has now reached Hungary. Th e fi rst stands were recorded in 2015 in SW Hungary on the motorway M70 near Letenye; its occurrence was already foreseen in view of its expansion along the roads of Croatia and Slovenia. Similarly to other aliens (e.g. Senecio inaequidens, Plantago coronopus) arriving from the Adriatic direction on the newly constructed motorways the authors reckon with its further rapid expansion in Hungary

Re-evaluation of the Panicum capillare complex (Poaceae) in Croatia

The Panicum capillare complex includes several taxa, among them P. capillare L., which is usually considered to be an established alien throughout Europe, whereas other species are recorded only as casuals. A new representative of the complex, P. riparium H. Scholz was described from Germany in 2002, and shortly after its description was recorded in several countries on the continent. In the course of herbarium revisions and recent fi eld studies the authors documented several localities of the species in Croatia as well. The paper presents a new key for the determination of Croatian species of the complex and anticipates the invasion of P. riparium in the sub-Mediterranean regions of the Balkan Peninsula

An invader at the edge of the world: Sporobolus neglectus (Poaceae) discovered at a remote locality in Hungary

In 2016, Sporobolus neglectus, a new alien grass species of North American origin has been recognized in Hungary in a particular situation: within a widely isolated part of the Duna–Dráva National Park. Th e locality is situated S of Vízvár village on the right bank of the Drava River in the territory “Jama”, encompassed (excluding the eastern side bordered by Drava) from all directions by Croatian territories. S. neglectus composed a dense stand on 0.2 hectares in a secondary sandy grassland, its dominance is likely supported by the damages caused by wild boar. Th e establishment of the species in Jama territory is not in accordance with the inundations of the Drava River; also an accidental introduction from the Hungarian mainland seems to be very unlikely. Th e stand of S. neglectus was introduced here probably in connection with wild game feeding made by illegal hunters coming from Croatia. In view of the locality near Vízvár, the species is able to colonize barren sandy surfaces in mass; accordingly, it is a potential invader in the dry sandy grasslands of Hungary, especially in the neighbouring Belső-Somogy region

A célok és céltárgyak szerepe az eseményemlékezet és a fogalomalkotás fejlődésében = The role of goals and goal-objects in the development of event memory and concept formation

Vizsgálataink nyomán azt támasztottuk alá, hogy az önéletrajzi emlékezés kialakulását megelőzően kisgyermekek utánzásban megragadható felidézésére a noetikus emlékforma jellemző. Feltételezhetően az egyedi emlékek előhívása terén a korai időszakban az jelenti a korlátot, hogy kisgyermekek nem képesek ezen „noetikus” formához (az elsődleges reprezentációs formához) hozzákapcsolni a megtapasztalás kontextuális, megkülönböztető elemeit. Az „eseményfogalmak” és eseményemlékek kialakításában az oksági és a teleológiai (céloksági) interpretációs sémák játszanak főszerepet. Első kísérletünk eredménye, hogy egyszerű ismerős és új események utánzásos felidézése alkalmával kisgyermekek az események lényegi elemeit sikeresen felidézik, míg az eseménybe illesztett megkülönböztető jegyeket nem. Második kísérletünk arra keresi a választ, hogy a noetikus emlékformát milyen reprezentációs szervező elv támogatja. Vizsgálataink alátámasztják, hogy a célok olvasása alapvető szerepet kap az eseményemlékek organizációjában. Harmadik kísérletünk során a teleológiai hozzáállás és a kauzalitás emlékszervező szerepét, és e két intrepretációs séma hierarchikus viszonyát kívántuk tesztelni. Kétértelmű események utánzása nyomán azt tapasztaltuk, hogy az oksági szerveződéssel szemben a teleológiai értelmezés előnyt élvez. Negyedik kísérletünk alátámasztotta hogy az előzetes szándék erősíti a kauzális szervező elv használatát eseményemlékek kialakításánál. | Our studies have demonstrated that the nature of early memories (of young preverbal and just talking toddlers) collected in the form of imitation is mainly noetic. It is supposed that the main difficulty for infants in representing specific, distinct memories can be identified by the problem of integrating contextual features of experience with general, noetic forms of events. The general schemas of events can be captured after just one single exposure of them by infants, though their performance cannot be described as retrieval of episodic memories. The formulation of event-representation is lead by causal and teleological interpretative schemas. The most important result of the first line of our investigations is that infants re-enact the relevant features of both familiar and novel events, while they omit the embedded distinctive features of them. The aim of the second line of investigations was to find out the main organizational factor that results in noetic forms of representations. Our studies demonstrate the continued centrality of the teleological stance in encoding action sequences in terms of goals. The objective of the third line of studies was to highlight the relation of causal and teleological organisation of events. The imitative performance of ambiguous events revealed the advantage of teleological event organisation over causal interpretation. Our fourth experiment focuses on the role of convergent prior intentions in the coding of events

Solving the Maximum Popular Matching Problem with Matroid Constraints

We consider the problem of finding a maximum popular matching in a many-to-many matching setting with two-sided preferences and matroid constraints. This problem was proposed by Kamiyama (2020) and solved in the special case where matroids are base orderable. Utilizing a newly shown matroid exchange property, we show that the problem is tractable for arbitrary matroids. We further investigate a different notion of popularity, where the agents vote with respect to lexicographic preferences, and show that both existence and verification problems become NP-hard, even in the $b$-matching case.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure