Faint High Latitude Carbon Stars Discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Methods and Initial Results

We report the discovery of 39 Faint High Latitude Carbon Stars (FHLCs) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey commissioning data. The objects, each selected photometrically and verified spectroscopically, range over 16.6 < r* < 20.0, and show a diversity of temperatures as judged by both colors and NaD line strengths. At the completion of the Sloan Survey, there will be many hundred homogeneously selected and observed FHLCs in this sample. We present proper motion measures for each object, indicating that the sample is a mixture of extremely distant (>100 kpc) halo giant stars, useful for constraining halo dynamics, plus members of the recently-recognized exotic class of very nearby dwarf carbon (dC) stars. Motions, and thus dC classification, are inferred for 40-50 percent of the sample, depending on the level of statistical significance invoked. The new list of dC stars presented here, although selected from only a small fraction of the final SDSS, doubles the number of such objects found by all previous methods. (Abstract abridged).Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, Sep. 2002, 40 pages, 7 figures, AASTeX v5.

New insights on the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy from SDSS: a larger radius and no tidal tails

We have investigated the spatial extent and structure of the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy using deep wide-field multicolor CCD photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our study covers an area of 27 square degrees around the center of the Draco dwarf. We show that the spatial distribution of Draco's red giants, red horizontal branch stars and subgiants down to i=21.7 mag does not provide evidence for the existence of tidally induced tails or a halo of unbound stars. The radial profile can be fit by King models as well as by a generalized exponential. The core radius and the limiting (or tidal) radius along the major axis are 7.7' and 40.1', respectively, making Draco 40% larger than previously measured. Down to our magnitude limit tidal effects can only exist at a level of 10^-3 of the central surface density of Draco or below. The regular structure of Draco found from the new data argues against it being a portion of an unbound tidal stream and lends support to the assumption of dynamical equilibrium. We estimate Draco's total mass to be 2.2 - 3.5 times 10^7 solar masses. We obtain an overall mass-to-light ratio of 146+-42 or 92+-28 solar masses depending on the details of the mass and luminosity estimates. In summary, our results strengthen the case for a strongly dark matter dominated, bound stellar system. (Abstract strongly abridged).Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures (in part with degraded resolution). Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa

Whole-Genome Sequencing Uncovers Two Loci for Coronary Artery Calcification and Identifies Arse as a Regulator of Vascular Calcification

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a measure of atherosclerosis and a well-established predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) events. Here we describe a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CAC in 22,400 participants from multiple ancestral groups. We confirmed associations with four known loci and identified two additional loci associated with CAC (ARSE and MMP16), with evidence of significant associations in replication analyses for both novel loci. Functional assays of ARSE and MMP16 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) demonstrate that ARSE is a promoter of VSMC calcification and VSMC phenotype switching from a contractile to a calcifying or osteogenic phenotype. Furthermore, we show that the association of variants near ARSE with reduced CAC is likely explained by reduced ARSE expression with the G allele of enhancer variant rs5982944. Our study highlights ARSE as an important contributor to atherosclerotic vascular calcification, and a potential drug target for vascular calcific disease

Accounting and Medicine: An Exploratory Investigation into Physicians’ Attitudes Toward the Use of Standard Cost-Accounting Methods in Medicine

diagnostic related groups (DRGs), evidence based best practices (EBBP), grounded theory methodology, health care ethics, physician practices,

Whole-genome sequencing uncovers two loci for coronary artery calcification and identifies ARSE as a regulator of vascular calcification.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a measure of atherosclerosis and a well-established predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) events. Here we describe a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CAC in 22,400 participants from multiple ancestral groups. We confirmed associations with four known loci and identified two additional loci associated with CAC (ARSE and MMP16), with evidence of significant associations in replication analyses for both novel loci. Functional assays of ARSE and MMP16 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) demonstrate that ARSE is a promoter of VSMC calcification and VSMC phenotype switching from a contractile to a calcifying or osteogenic phenotype. Furthermore, we show that the association of variants near ARSE with reduced CAC is likely explained by reduced ARSE expression with the G allele of enhancer variant rs5982944. Our study highlights ARSE as an important contributor to atherosclerotic vascular calcification, and a potential drug target for vascular calcific disease