Robotic-Movement Payload Lifter and Manipulator

A payload lifter/manipulator module includes a rotatable joint supporting spreader arms angularly spaced with respect to one another. A rigid arm is fixedly coupled to the joint and extends out therefrom to a tip. A tension arm has a first end and a second end with the first end being fixedly coupled to the tip of the rigid arm. The tension arm incorporates pivots along the length thereof. Each pivot can be engaged by or disengaged from the outboard end of a spreader arm based on a position of the spreader arm. A hoist, positioned remotely with respect to the module and coupled to the second end of the tension arm, controls the position of the spreader arms to thereby control the position of the rigid arm's tip. Payload lifter/manipulator assemblies can be constructed with one or more of the modules

A Versatile Lifting Device for Lunar Surface Payload Handling, Inspection and Regolith Transport Operations

Devices for lifting and transporting payloads and material are critical for efficient Earth-based construction operations. Devices with similar functionality will be needed to support lunar-outpost construction, servicing, inspection, regolith excavation, grading and payload placement. Past studies have proposed that only a few carefully selected devices are required for a lunar outpost. One particular set of operations involves lifting and manipulating payloads in the 100 kg to 3,000 kg range, which are too large or massive to be handled by unassisted astronauts. This paper will review historical devices used for payload handling in space and on earth to derive a set of desirable features for a device that can be used on planetary surfaces. Next, an innovative concept for a lifting device is introduced, which includes many of the desirable features. The versatility of the device is discussed, including its application to lander unloading, servicing, inspection, regolith excavation and site preparation. Approximate rules, which can be used to size the device for specific payload mass and reach requirements, are provided. Finally, details of a test-bed implementation of the innovative concept, which will be used to validate the structural design and develop operational procedures, is provided

The C-Band All-Sky Survey: Instrument design, status, and first-look data

The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS) aims to produce sensitive, all-sky maps of diffuse Galactic emission at 5 GHz in total intensity and linear polarization. These maps will be used (with other surveys) to separate the several astrophysical components contributing to microwave emission, and in particular will allow an accurate map of synchrotron emission to be produced for the subtraction of foregrounds from measurements of the polarized Cosmic Microwave Background. We describe the design of the analog instrument, the optics of our 6.1 m dish at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, the status of observations, and first-look data.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, published in Proceedings of SPIE MIllimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy V (2010), Vol. 7741, 77411I-1 - 77411I-1

Moving boundary problems for quasi-steady conduction limited melting

The problem of melting a crystal dendrite is modelled as a quasi-steady Stefan 5 problem. By employing the Baiocchi transform, asymptotic results are derived in the limit that 6 the crystal melts completely, extending previous results that hold for a special class of initial and 7 boundary conditions. These new results, together with predictions for whether the crystal pinches off 8 and breaks into two, are supported by numerical calculations using the level set method. The effects of 9 surface tension are subsequently considered, leading to a canonical problem for near-complete-melting 10 which is studied in linear stability terms and then solved numerically. Our study is motivated in 11 part by experiments undertaken as part of the Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment, in which 12 dendritic crystals of pivalic acid were melted in a microgravity environment: these crystals were 13 found to be prolate spheroidal in shape, with an aspect ratio initially increasing with time then 14 rather abruptly decreasing to unity. By including a kinetic undercooling-type boundary condition in 15 addition to surface tension, our model suggests the aspect ratio of a melting crystal can reproduce 16 the same non-monotonic behaviour as that which was observed experimentally. 1

POSaM: a fast, flexible, open-source, inkjet oligonucleotide synthesizer and microarrayer

DNA arrays are valuable tools in molecular biology laboratories. Their rapid acceptance was aided by the release of plans for a pin-spotting microarrayer by researchers at Stanford. Inkjet microarraying is a flexible, complementary technique that allows the synthesis of arrays of any oligonucleotide sequences de novo. We describe here an open-source inkjet arrayer capable of rapidly producing sets of unique 9,800-feature arrays

Interactions between state pension and long-term care reforms: an overview

In April 2016 major reforms to state pensions and long-term care will be implemented in Great Britain and England respectively. Their combined effects have received little attention despite interactions between the two systems. The long-term effects of both sets of reforms will depend on how details of the systems are set in the intervening years, and on how policies in other parts of the welfare system evolve. We will investigate the long-term impacts of alternative ways in which current pensions and long-term care financing reforms may evolve over the next 40 years to ensure that that there is widespread appreciation of the implications of any changes which may have significant long-term effects

Care and State Pension Reform - Interactions between state and pension long-term care reforms: a summary of findings

In April 2016 major reforms to state pensions were implemented in Great Britain. Reforms to the English long-term care financing system were also to be introduced in 2016 but have been postponed until 2020. The state pension reforms replace the existing two-tier state pension system with a single tier pension set just above the minimum income guaranteed through means-tested benefits. It affects only people reaching State Pension age from April 2016. The long-term care reforms introduce a cap on lifetime liability for care costs. To reach the cap, people will need to have eligible care needs for a considerable period, typically at least three years. The primary objective of the state pension reforms is to provide a clearer foundation for private pension saving and reduce reliance on means-tested benefits in retirement by setting the level of the new State Pension (nSP) above the level of the minimum income guaranteed by the means-tested benefit Pension Credit. The long-term care reforms introduce a lifetime limit on individual liability for care costs to provide protection against the risk that care costs could use up nearly all of an individual’s savings. The long-term effects of both sets of reforms will depend on how details of the systems are set in the intervening years, and in particular how components of the systems are adjusted each year – ‘uprated’ – for inflation. This report summarises the findings from a research project which aims to promote informed debate on how the reforms could evolve, highlighting the interactions between the two systems. Amongst other things, the study has analysed the impact of the reforms to 2030 under uprating assumptions consistent with current policy and under alternative uprating assumptions. A separate more detailed Technical Report of the analysis is available

CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e and fire influence tropical ecosystem stability in response to climate change

Interactions between climate, fire and CO2 are believed to play a crucial role in controlling the distributions of tropical woodlands and savannas, but our understanding of these processes is limited by the paucity of data from undisturbed tropical ecosystems. Here we use a 28,000-year integrated record of vegetation, climate and fire from West Africa to examine the role of these interactions on tropical ecosystem stability. We find that increased aridity between 28–15 kyr B.P. led to the widespread expansion of tropical grasslands, but that frequent fires and low CO2 played a crucial role in stabilizing these ecosystems, even as humidity changed. This resulted in an unstable ecosystem state, which transitioned abruptly from grassland to woodlands as gradual changes in CO2 and fire shifted the balance in favor of woody plants. Since then, high atmospheric CO2 has stabilized tropical forests by promoting woody plant growth, despite increased aridity. Our results indicate that the interactions between climate, CO2 and fire can make tropical ecosystems more resilient to change, but that these systems are dynamically unstable and potentially susceptible to abrupt shifts between woodland and grassland dominated states in the future