Reviews

Authoring‐Systems Software for Computer‐Based Training, edited by William D. Wilheim, Educational Technology Publications, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA, ISBN: 0–87778–274–1, 1994

Belousov-Zhabotinsky droplet mixing on-chip for chemical computing applications

Without an imposed physical structure, even the most complex chemistries are limited in their ability to process information. For example, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillating reaction has been shown to have information procession potential, but only if structure is imposed e.g. using physical barriers or light-sensitive catalysts. Recently, separated BZ droplets in oil have been investigated. Another option for aqueous/oil systems is to add lipid into the oil, which self-assembles into a monolayer at the phase boundary. If the lipid-stabilised droplets are brought into contact, a bilayer is formed, separating the BZ droplets into compartments. This technique is more flexible than other methods of imparting structure, allowing for the creation of droplet arrays inspired by biological neuronal networks

Geometrid larvae of the Alpi Marittime Natural Park (district of Valdieri, Cuneo, Italy), with descriptions of the larvae of two Gnophini Pierce, 1914 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Examination of 14 plant families in the Alpi Marittime Alps Natural Park (Valdieri, Italy) resulted in the collection of 103 larvae of 28 geometrid taxa; these belong to three subfamilies, with Ennominae Duponchel, 1845 being the most representative (13 taxa = 46.4%). The final instar (L5) of two taxa in the tribe Gnophini Pierce, 1914, Gnophos furvata meridionalis Wehrli, 1924 and Charissa pullata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) is described, including its chaetotaxy. Biological data and observations are provided for all taxaThe All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory + Monitoring Mercantour/ Alpi Marittime was launched by the European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT) project (2006-2011). The ATBI was coordinated by M.-F. Leccia (Parc national du Mercantour) and M. De Biaggi (Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime), who provided the relevant permits. EDIT contributed towards the cost of travel and accommodation on the seven trips undertaken, as did the Parco Naturale Alpi Marittime, which subsidized the trips undertaken in 2011 (Alcotra 2007- 2013 and its Generalized Biological Inventory programme). We are grateful to Mark Shaw (Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh) for having identified the hymenopteran parasitoids mentioned in this paper, to David Wagner at the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, USA, who helped the first author in the field of chaetotaxy and who made his stay there (November 2011 to January 2012) so very memorable, and the Biology Department of the Autónoma University, Madrid, for all facilities provided and the granting of a three-month’s subsidy in order to be able to travel to the University of Connecticut. We also add our most grateful thanks to Sven Erlacher and to an anonymous reviewer comments from whom improved our pape

Contribution to an understanding of the biology and larval morphology of two taxa in the genus Scopula Schrank, 1802, subgenus Glossotrophia Prout, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Resumen en inglés y en españolTítulo en español: Contribución al conocimiento de la morfología y la biología larvaria de dos taxones del género Scopula Schrank, 1802, subgénero Glossotrophia Prout, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)Descriptions of the larval morphology of two Iberian Sterrhinae taxa in the genus Scopula Schrank, 1802 subgenus Glossotrophia Prout, 1913 are provided: Scopula (Glossotrophia) rufomixtaria (Graslin, 1863): larval chaetotaxy: L4 and Scopula (Glossotrophia) asellaria dentatolineata Wehrli, 1926: larval chaetotaxy: L5. Original data is also provided on their biology which includes phenology, food-plants and parasitoids. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Sterrhinae, Scopula, larval morphology, phenology, food plants, chaetotaxy, SpainSe describe la morfología larvaria de dos taxones ibéricos de Sterrhinae pertenecientes al género Scopula Schrank, 1802, subgénero Glossotrophia Prout, 1913: Scopula (Glossotrophia) rufomixtaria (Graslin, 1863): quetotaxia larvaria de L4 y Scopula (Glossotrophia) asellaria dentatolineata Wehrli, 1926: quetotaxia larvaria de L5. Igualmente se incluyen datos de su biología relativos a la fenología, plantas nutricias y parasitoides. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera. Geometridae, Sterrhinae, Scopula, morfología larvaria, fenología, plantas nutricias, quetotaxia, EspañaTo the staff at the SIDI of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid without whose help throughout the summer of 2011 it would have been impossible to have obtained the larval images with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Most grateful thanks to the Research Section of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for the concession of two grants to enable the author to work under the auspices of Luis Parra at the Universidad de Concepción (Chile) (November 2010-January 2011) and then with David Wagner at the University of Connecticut (USA) (November 2011-January 2012). These two specialists taught the essentials related to Chaetotaxy. We are also indebted to Mark R. Shaw (now retired) at the National Museum of Scotland who determined all parasitic Hymenoptera species reared out and for his more than helpful comments over the years. A big thank you to José Martín Cano, “Pepe” (now retired) at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for the images taken of a larva for this pape

Fibre-optic sensor development for process monitoring of epoxy resins

An investigation was undertaken to examine the performance of a Fresnel reflection sensor (FRS) incorporated into a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to track the cross-linking of epoxy resins. The initial design used a micrometer translation stage to lower the FRS through an orifice in the DSC platinum lid and onto the pan containing the sample. During exothermic cross-linking experiments, the resin refractive index and the heat evolved were measured simultaneously, allowing for direct comparison between the data. Combining the two measurement techniques produced a powerful hyphenated analytical procedure that demonstrated the feasibility of using the FRS for in-situ cure monitoring of epoxy resin systems. During the cross-linking of specified resins, the sensor revealed optical phenomena throughout the latter stages and was shown to be sensitive to the glass transition temperature, nano-particulate movement, nano-particulate concentration and phase separation. Therefore, the introduction of the FRS to the DSC provided valuable cross-linking information. A second modification to the DSC permitted the accommodation of an optical fibre probe, which facilitated simultaneous DSC/FRS/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) analysis. Good correlation between the cross-linking kinetics of an epoxy resin system was demonstrated using the hyphenated techniques and hence alleviated the issues of cross-correlation between individual experiments

Contribución al conocimiento de la biología y morfología de los estados inmaduros de la subfamilia Sterrhinae Meyrick,1892 (Insecta: Lepidoptera Geometridae) en el sur de Madrid

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología. Fecha de lectura: 09-05-201

The immune response in HPV(+) oropharyngeal cancer

Although human papillomavirus (HPV)(+) oropharyngeal cancers often present with metastasis, most patients have excellent long-term survival. The reason underlying such an apparent contradiction remains unclear, but we have recently demonstrated that the improved survival of HPV(+) oropharyngeal cancer patients has an immunological component, as the levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be used to stratify HPV(+) patients into high-risk and low-risk groups