1,501 research outputs found

    Annual Survey of Virginia Law: Business and Corporate Law

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    This article reviews recent developments in the law affecting Virginia businesses and corporations. Part I covers judicial decisions, including: (1) two Eastern District of Virginia cases in which Virginia corporate law was applied to help ward-off hostile takeovers; (2) three Fourth Circuit opinions affecting private actions under the federal securities laws; (3) a Supreme Court of Virginia decision specifically enforcing a close corporation buy-sell agreement against a deceased shareholder\u27s widow; (4) an Eastern District of Virginia case in which close corporation squeeze-out allegations were held sufficient to state a federal claim for securities fraud; and (5) a Western District of Virginia case in which the merger of two Roanoke hospitals withstood a government antitrust challenge. Part II covers legislative and regulatory developments, including: (1) Virginia\u27s enactment of an Indiana-style Control Share Acquisitions Statute; (2) a temporary grant of power to boards of directors of public Virginia corporations allowing them to reduce the shareholder vote required to amend their articles of incorporation; (3) several new provisions affecting nonstock corporations; (4) changes affecting registration exemptions for certain shares traded over-the-counter; and (5) the State Corporation Commission\u27s plans to allow on-line access to its computerized records

    Fescue toxicosis affects the reproduction and thermoregulatory systems of male rats exposed to heat stress

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    Abstract only availableTall fescue (Festuca arundinacia), a cool season forage grass, has been utilized by many farmers for over fifty year to feed livestock. Unfortunately, about half of fescue pastures are infected with an endophytic fungus (Acremonium coenophialum). The fungus produces toxins which cause health and reproduction problems in animals resulting in economic losses. Previous studies have found that intake of infected fescue during hot weather produces hyperthermia, rough hair coats, increased respiration rates, lowered milk production, dystosia, lameness, decreased feed intake and average daily gain, and reduced prolactin, progesterone, and cholesterol levels. This study was done to investigate the effects of heat stress combined with infected tall fescue seed and associated decreased feed intake on male reproduction. Twelve male rats were implanted with telemetric thermometers (Mini-Mitter, Inc.) to record core body temperature and activity every ten minutes. Rats were randomly assigned to either heat stress (HS; 31 C) or thermoneutral conditions (TN; 21 C) and fed one of three diets: endophyte-infected seed (E+), endophyte-free seed (E-), or E- diet fed in the same amount as consumed by the E+ rats the preceding day. Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily. Semen was examined for sperm motility, concentration and morphology. Tissue samples were removed from testis, epidymis, seminal vesicles, and liver and examined histologically. Other organs were collected and weighed. Toxin, heat stress, or feed restriction caused a similar reduction in growth rate, but all showed some recovery by the end of the study (P< .0013). Liver (P< .0096) and heart (P< .01) weights decreased in treatment animals. Core body temperature showed differences between treatments; E+ rats showed hyperthermia and adaptation towards the end of the study. Activity was extremely variable and no conclusions could be drawn, given that each group was assigned only 1-2 animals. There was no significant effect on kidney, adrenal, spleen, testes, and seminal vesicle weight. The rough hair coat characteristic of fescue toxicosis was also observed in E+ rats. Analysis of sperm function and morphology are being conducted. Understanding the interaction between fescue toxins, heat stress, nutrition, and reproduction function will help in finding a treatment for fescue toxicosis and developing management strategies.Life Sciences Undergraduate Research Opportunity Progra

    Curbing The Dog of War:The War Powers Resolution

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    This Article develops a theory of the constitutional allocation of the war power and applies it to the provisions of the War Powers Resolution. It examines the constitutional text and analysis of the respective powers of the President and Congres and suggests the division of all United States military activity into three categories: peacetime deployments, war threatening actions, and acts of war. The Authors argue that military actions in the first category are controlled exclusively by the President, in the second controlled both by the President and by Congress through political interaction, and in the third are implemented by the President but require congressional authorization to be constitutionally valid. It argues that those uses of force requiring congressional authorization are three types of authorization -- express, implied, and presumed -- each of which in specified circumstances satisfy the constitutional requirement that Congress authorize acts of war. Finally, this constitutional theory is applied to the provisions of the War Powers Resolution. The Article demonstrates that the Resolution suffers from a number of constitutional infirmities, and that certain aspects of the Resolution legitimately enhance Congress\u27 ability to control war

    The Diffusions Coefficient of Hemoglobin in Pure Water Solution

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    Carbon monoxide hemoglobin prepared from beef blood by the method of Marshall and Welker (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 35, 820. 1913) was allowed to diffuse from a water solution of constant concentration into pure pater contained in a thin flat cell of optical glass

    Scholarly article seeking, reading, and use: a continuing evolution from print to electronic in the sciences and social sciences

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    Electronic journals are now the norm for accessing and reading scholarly articles. This article examines scholarly article reading patterns by faculty in five US universities in 2012. Selected findings are also compared to some general trends from studies conducted periodically since 1977. In the 2012 survey, over threequarters (76%) of the scholarly readings were obtained through electronic means and just over half (51%) of readings were read on a screen rather than from a print source or being printed out. Readings from library sources are overwhelmingly from e-sources. The average number of articles read per month was 20.66, with most articles read by the medical and other sciences, and on average each article was read for 32 minutes
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