ラット腹腔肥満細胞のCa(2+) influxおよびヒスタミン遊離に対する抗アレルギー薬アゼラスチンの抑制効果について

The effect of antiallergic agent, azelastine, was examined in immunogical secretory process of mast cells. 1. Azelastine significantly inhibited (45)Ca uptake by mast cells stimulated by antigen, and the maximum inhibition was attained at a concentration of 50 μg/ml showing approximately 30.5 % inhibition. 2. Azelastine also inhibite the release of histamine from mast cells by antigen. The maximal inhibitory rate was 38.1%. The effect of azelastine on (45)Ca uptake and histamine release was dose-dependent, and compatible at employed cocentration of the agent. 3. Tachpylaxis to azelastine was not found in this experimental system.抗原刺激時の,ラット腹腔肥満細胞のCa(2+) uptakeおよびヒスタミン遊離に対する,抗アレルギー薬アゼラスチンの抑制効果について検討を加えた｡その結果,1.アゼラスチンは抗原刺激時の肥満細胞のCa(2+) uptakeに対して濃度依存性の抑制効果を示した｡2.同様に,抗原刺激時の肥満細胞からのヒスタミン遊離に対しても,濃度依存性の抑制効果を示した｡3.アゼラスチンの再暴露による抑制効果の減弱傾向は見られず,アゼラスチンでは　tachyphylaxisは観察されなかった

Low-grade metamorphism around the down-dip limit of seismogenic subduction zones: Example from an ancient accretionary complex in the Shimanto Belt, Japan

International audienceReactions involving clay minerals during low-grade metamorphism at the depth of an ancient accretionary complex in the Shimanto Belt, Kyushu, Japan, were studied by integrated transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the bulk rock and clay fraction. The analyzed metasediment (the Kitagawa unit) contain an incipient sub-horizontal slaty cleavage. Illite crystallinity data and mica b dimensions indicate that the conditions of metamorphic deformation were anchizone-epizone grade and intermediate pressure. Cleavage formation was linked to two reactions involving clay minerals: (1) the recrystallization of 1M-dominant matrix mica, inherited from the original sedimentary fabric, into thick, defect-free 2M1 packets along cleavage planes; and (2) the formation of chlorite from 7 Å berthierine. Balanced equations among the clay phases, based on compositional data and their relative abundance, suggest that the decomposition of matrix mica resulted in the formation of paragenetic mica and chlorite along the cleavage planes, without significant elemental outflux. Although a modal increase in phyllosilicates is not indicated by the data, the growth of chlorite and mica along cleavage planes may have a large influence on the rheological properties of a décollement and may be related to the occurrence of the seismic-aseismic transition at ~ 350 °C

New 60-cm Radio Survey Telescope with the Sideband-Separating SIS Receiver for the 200 GHz Band

We have upgraded the 60-cm radio survey telescope located in Nobeyama, Japan. We developed a new waveguide-type sideband-separating SIS mixer for the telescope, which enables the simultaneous detection of distinct molecular emission lines both in the upper and lower sidebands. Over the RF frequency range of 205-240 GHz, the single-sideband receiver noise temperatures of the new mixer are 40-100 K for the 4.0-8.0 GHz IF frequency band. The image rejection ratios are greater than 10 dB over the same range. For the dual IF signals obtained by the receiver, we have developed two sets of acousto-optical spectrometers and a telescope control system. Using the new telescope system, we successfully detected the 12CO (J=2-1) and 13CO (J=2-1) emission lines simultaneously toward Orion KL in 2005 March. Using the waveguide-type sideband-separating SIS mixer for the 200 GHz band, we have initiated the first simultaneous 12CO (J=2-1) and 13CO (J=2-1) survey of the galactic plane as well as large-scale mapping observations of nearby molecular clouds.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in PASJ, version with high resolution figures is available via http://www.nro.nao.ac.jp/~nakajima/vst1_2sb.pd

A Practical Genome Scan for Population-Specific Strong Selective Sweeps That Have Reached Fixation

Phenotypic divergences between modern human populations have developed as a result of genetic adaptation to local environments over the past 100,000 years. To identify genes involved in population-specific phenotypes, it is necessary to detect signatures of recent positive selection in the human genome. Although detection of elongated linkage disequilibrium (LD) has been a powerful tool in the field of evolutionary genetics, current LD-based approaches are not applicable to already fixed loci. Here, we report a method of scanning for population-specific strong selective sweeps that have reached fixation. In this method, genome-wide SNP data is used to analyze differences in the haplotype frequency, nucleotide diversity, and LD between populations, using the ratio of haplotype homozygosity between populations. To estimate the detection power of the statistics used in this study, we performed computer simulations and found that these tests are relatively robust against the density of typed SNPs and demographic parameters if the advantageous allele has reached fixation. Therefore, we could determine the threshold for maintaining high detection power, regardless of SNP density and demographic history. When this method was applied to the HapMap data, it was able to identify the candidates of population-specific strong selective sweeps more efficiently than the outlier approach that depends on the empirical distribution. This study, confirming strong positive selection on genes previously reported to be associated with specific phenotypes, also identifies other candidates that are likely to contribute to phenotypic differences between human populations