The pseudo-single-crystal method: a third approach to crystal structure determination

A novel method that enables single-crystal diffraction data to be obtained from a powder sample is presented

Uso de fármacos analgésicos em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca neonatal

The objectives of this study were to verify the frequency of pharmacological analgesia and the occurrence of postoperative pain in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected from 30 medical charts of neonates who underwent cardiac surgery in a private hospital in the city of São Paulo. RESULTS: The majority (96.6%) of neonates received analgesia: 18 (60.0%) received continuous analgesics, five (16.7%) received intermittent drugs, and six (20.0%) received a combination of continuous and intermittent analgesics. Fentanyl citrate was continuously administered to 24 (80.0%) neonates. Intermittent dipyrone and morphine was administered to ten (33.3%) and one (3.3%) neonates, respectively. Pain registers were observed in 17 (56.7%) medical charts and the occurrence of pain among neonates who received analgesics was 53.4%. CONCLUSION: There was no efficacy in pharmacological postoperative pain control in the neonates included in this study.Los objetivos de este estudio fueron verificar la frecuencia de cobertura analgésica farmacológica y la aparición de dolor postoperatorio en neonatos sometidos a la cirugía cardiaca. MÉTODO: Se Trata de un estudio transversal con recolección de datos de Historias Clínicas de 30 neonatos sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en un hospital privado de la ciudad de San Pablo. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de cobertura analgésica fue de 96,6%, 18(60,0%) recibieron analgesia continua, cinco (16,7%) intermitente y seis (20,0%) intermitente y continua. El citrato de fentanil fue administrado continuamente a 24 (80,0%) neonatos. Dipirona y morfina fueron administradas en dosis intermitentes a diez (33,3%) y a un (3,3%) neonatos, respectivamente. Fueron identificados registros de ocurrencia de dolor en 17 (56,7%) Historias Clínicas. La ocurrencia de dolor postoperatorio en recién nacidos con cobertura analgésica fue 53,4 %. CONCLUSIÓN: los datos apuntan que el abordaje analgésico adoptado se mostró ineficaz para controlar el dolor postoperatorio en los neonatos estudiados.Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar freqüência de cobertura analgésica farmacológica e ocorrência de dor pós-operatória em neonatos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com coleta de dados de prontuários de 30 neonatos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca em um hospital privado da cidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: a freqüência de cobertura analgésica foi de 96,6%, 18(60%) receberam analgesia contínua, cinco (16,7%) intermitente e seis (20%) intermitente e contínua. O citrato de fentanil foi administrado continuamente a 24 (80%) neonatos. Dipirona e morfina foram administradas em doses intermitentes a dez (33,3%) e um (3,3%) neonato, respectivamente. Foram identificados registros de ocorrência de dor em 17 (56,7%) prontuários. A ocorrência de dor pós-operatória em recém-nascidos com cobertura analgésica foi 53,4%. CONCLUSÃO: os dados apontam que a abordagem analgésica adotada mostrou-se ineficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória nos neonatos estudados

Evaluation of Myelotoxicity in Dietary Restricted Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of decreased food consumption on evaluation of myelotoxicity in routine general toxicity studies. Male rats were divided into the following 7 groups: 12, 15, and 18 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment groups (FU12, FU15 and FU18); dietary restriction groups (R12, R15 and R18 receiving the same amount of food as the rats in the FU12, FU15 and FU18 groups, respectively); and a nontreated control group (NT). We compared the changes in body weight, hematology and the results of cytological analyses of bone marrow and histopathology among the groups after administration and recovery periods of 14 and 7 days, respectively. At the end of the administration period, the FU15 and FU18 groups showed decreases in many hematologic and bone marrow parameters that were all similar to those in the corresponding dietary restriction groups (R15 and R18). A granulocyte abnormality (polyploidy: frequency of 1% or less) was also observed in all 5-FU treated groups. At the end of the recovery period, increases in the reticulocyte and platelet counts and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen were observed in the 5-FU treated groups. These results indicate that the results of general toxicity studies in rats should be evaluated in consideration of dietary restriction effects when food consumption is decreased at about 30-40% or more. Careful morphological observation of hemocytes would be helpful in distinguishing the effect of a drug from that of dietary restriction in relation to hematological and bone marrow parameters. Performance of a recovery test to determine the reactive response of hematopoiesis is also recommended