Japanese glaciological activities at NEEM, Greenland

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　氷床コアセッション 11月16日（水） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議室前フロ

A New Formalism for Lexical Transfer: Bilingual Sign-Based Formalism

The lexical tranfer has been one of major sources of difficulties in MT. Apart from difficulties of selecting appropriate target equivalent words, systematic structural correspondences between two languages are often violated by idiosyncracies of lexical correspondences. We can hardly expect to have systematic theories of lexical tranfer which generalize idiosyncracies in lexical correspondences. What we can do is to prepare a framework in which we can accumulate systematically idiosyncratic knowledge concerned with lexical correspondences. In this paper, we propose a framework based on bilingual signs for lexical transfer. Through definitions of bilingual signs, not only local linguistic structures of two languages but also predicates which are used for specifying extra-linguistic knowledge are related with each othe~. Furthermore, by using explicit specifications of mutual relationships between bilingual signs, the system can formulate meaningful questions. for disambiguating "transfer ambiguities" during lexical transfer. Compared with converntional bilingual dictionaries, our proposed framework has several desirable properties such as declarativeness, reversibility and flexible interface with extralinguistic processings. A rough sketch of the transfer phase which is based on constraint relaxation is also given

Relief of vasospasm with fasudil after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a case study

Abstract Background Coronary vasospasm after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a rare but potentially lethal complication. It is often refractory to several vasodilators. We report a case of refractory coronary vasospasm relieved by fasudil injection. Case presentation A 74-year-old woman who had three instances of in-stent stenosis at the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was referred for CABG treatment. Preoperative coronary angiography showed 90% in-stent stenosis of the proximal LAD and 75% stenosis of the diagonal branch. We performed a left internal thoracic artery (LITA)-LAD bypass and a right internal thoracic artery (RITA) diagonal branch bypass. After anastomosis, transit time flow measurement revealed poor blood flow of LITA-LAD bypass even after re-anastomosis. We performed coronary angiography and detected a vasospasm in the native coronary arteries, which was not relieved using conventional vasodilators (calcium channel blockers, isosorbide dinitrate, and nicorandil) However, we were able to relieve the coronary vasospasm by administering fasudil (a Rho kinase inhibitor) injection without causing systemic hypotension. Conclusions Fasudil may be an important vasodilator, especially in cases of coronary vasospasm after CABG

器械体操部所属高校生の立位姿勢維持時の重心動揺特性

器械体操部所属の男女高校生各10名と、一般高校生男女各10名の重心動揺（両足立ち、左右の片足立ち）を測定し、男女差と器械体操によるバランス能力のトレーニング効果について検討した。男子器械体操選手および一般男子と女子体操選手との間には左右の片足立ちの総軌跡長に有意差がみられた。男女器械体操選手と一般男女との間には総軌跡長の有意差は認められなかった。これは男子体操選手の経験年巣の少なさが起因していると推測される。女子は器械体操の経験年数の多い選手もみられ、一般女子よりもバランスがよくなる傾向がみられた

Phase III clinical trial of autologous CD34 + cell transplantation to accelerate fracture nonunion repair

Abstract Background We previously demonstrated that CD34 + cell transplantation in animals healed intractable fractures via osteogenesis and vasculogenesis; we also demonstrated the safety and efficacy of this cell therapy in an earlier phase I/II clinical trial conducted on seven patients with fracture nonunion. Herein, we present the results of a phase III clinical trial conducted to confirm the results of the previous phase studies using a larger cohort of patients. Methods CD34 + cells were mobilized via administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, harvested using leukapheresis, and isolated using magnetic cell sorting. Autologous CD34 + cells were transplanted in 15 patients with tibia nonunion and 10 patients with femur nonunion, who were followed up for 52 weeks post transplantation. The main outcome was a reduction in time to heal the tibia in nonunion patients compared with that in historical control patients. We calculated the required number of patients as 15 based on the results of the phase I/II study. An independent data monitoring committee performed the radiographic assessments. Adverse events and medical device failures were recorded. Results All fractures healed during the study period. The time to radiological fracture healing was 2.8 times shorter in patients with CD34 + cell transplantation than in the historical control group (hazard ratio: 2.81 and 95% confidence interval 1.16–6.85); moreover, no safety concerns were observed. Conclusions Our findings strongly suggest that autologous CD34 + cell transplantation is a novel treatment option for fracture nonunion. Trial registration UMIN-CTR, UMIN000022814. Registered on 22 June 2016

Additional file 1 of Phase III clinical trial of autologous CD34 + cell transplantation to accelerate fracture nonunion repair

Additional file 1: Table S1. Exclusion criteria for this clinical trial. Table S2. Number of transplanted CD34+ cells and the interval between the nonunion surgery and radiological healing in each patient. Table S3. Interval (days) between nonunion surgery and radiological healing. Table S4. AEs related to G-CSF among patients administered G-CSF. Table S5. AEs related to leukapheresis among patients who underwent leukapheresis. Table S6. AEs and medical device failures in patients receiving CD34+ cell transplantation

State dependence of climatic instability over the past 720,000 years from Antarctic ice cores and climate modeling

過去72万年間の気候の不安定性を南極ドームふじアイスコアの解析と気候シミュレーションにより解明. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2017-02-10.Climatic variabilities on millennial and longer time scales with a bipolar seesaw pattern have been documented in paleoclimatic records, but their frequencies, relationships with mean climatic state, and mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the processes and sensitivities that underlie these changes will underpin better understanding of the climate system and projections of its future change. We investigate the long-term characteristics of climatic variability using a new ice-core record from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, combined with an existing long record from the Dome C ice core. Antarctic warming events over the past 720, 000 years are most frequent when the Antarctic temperature is slightly below average on orbital time scales, equivalent to an intermediate climate during glacial periods, whereas interglacial and fully glaciated climates are unfavourable for a millennial-scale bipolar seesaw. Numerical experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with freshwater hosing in the northern North Atlantic showed that climate becomes most unstable in intermediate glacial conditions associated with large changes in sea ice and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the prerequisite for the most frequent climate instability with bipolar seesaw pattern during the late Pleistocene era is associated with reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration via global cooling and sea ice formation in the North Atlantic, in addition to extended Northern Hemisphere ice sheets