Unintegrated parton distributions and inclusive jet production at HERA

We describe how unintegrated parton distributions can be calculated from conventional integrated distributions. We extend and improve the 'last-step' evolution approach, and explain why doubly-unintegrated parton distributions are necessary. We generalise k_t-factorisation to (z,k_t)-factorisation. We apply the formalism to inclusive jet production in deep-inelastic scattering, mainly at leading-order, but we also study the extension to next-to-leading order. We compare the predictions with recent HERA data.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figures. Version to appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Automatic assembly design project 1968/69: report of the control and motivation committee

Methods of control for automatic assembly machines are surveyed. The control requirements of the versatile automatic assembly machine are analysed, and the most practical system is specified and designed in detail

Curvilinear fractures in burned remains: an assessment of the relationship between fracture convexity and fire directionality

Burned remains present a challenge for forensic anthropologists due to the variable nature of fires, the unique way fires impact remains, and the impact of heat changes on the analysis of the remains. A topic of extensive study is the fracture patterns seen in burned remains. Curvilinear fractures are one type of fracture that was originally discussed in the context of studying the preburned state of remains (Baby, 1954; Binford, 1963; Buikstra and Swegle, 1989). These fractures are thought to be created through the kinetic energy generated as muscles shrink and pull on the periosteum, fracturing the bone below (Symes et al., 2008). The convexity of the curvilinear fracture has been theorized to indicate the direction heat moved along bone and, more specifically, points towards the direction of the heat source (Pope, 2007; Symes et al., 2008). To assess the relationship between fracture convexity and fire directionality, the limbs of four sheep were burned in pairs with the dorsal side down and the caudal end away from the origin of the fire. During the burns, video footage was recorded and observation notes were taken. Qualitative observations were summarized using the burn notes, videos, and recovered bones. These observations documented the pattern of limb destruction and movement, color and uniformity of the burn pattern per bone, and all instances of curvilinear fractures and the direction of these fractures. A total of 18 curvilinear fractures were seen on 17 of the 56 bones examined. Of these 18 fractures, 14 were convex distally which was the predicted direction and four were convex proximally. An a posteriori power analysis was conducted and found that a sample size of 32 would be needed for a repetition of this study to have high power and effect size. In this preliminary study, conclusions suggest that curvilinear fractures are not related to fire directionality but likely indicate how heat moves along a bone. With a larger sample size, there are many avenues to further assess how curvilinear fractures are created and what information they can contribute to the anthropological analysis of burned remains

QCD traveling waves at non-asymptotic energies

Using consistent truncations of the BFKL kernel, we derive analytical traveling-wave solutions of the Balitsky-Kovchegov saturation equation for both fixed and running coupling. A universal parametrization of the ``interior'' of the wave front is obtained and compares well with numerical simulations of the original Balitsky-Kovchegov equation, even at non-asymptotic energies. Using this universal parametrization, we find evidence for a traveling-wave pattern of the dipole amplitude determined from the gluon distribution extracted from deep inelastic scattering data.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, minor revision, version to appear in PL

The unintegrated gluon distribution from the CCFM equation

The gluon distribution f(x, k_t^2,mu^2), unintegrated over the transverse momentum k_t of the gluon, satisfies the angular-ordered CCFM equation which interlocks the dependence on the scale k_t with the scale \mu of the probe. We show how, to leading logarithmic accuracy, the equation can be simplified to a single scale problem. In particular we demonstrate how to determine the two-scale unintegrated distribution f(x,k_t^2,mu^2) from knowledge of the integrated gluon obtained from a unified scheme embodying both BFKL and DGLAP evolution.Comment: 16 pages LaTeX, 3 eps figure

NLO prescription for unintegrated parton distributions

We show how parton distributions unintegrated over the parton transverse momentum, k_t, may be generated, at NLO accuracy, from the known integrated (DGLAP-evolved) parton densities determined from global data analyses. A few numerical examples are given, which demonstrate that sufficient accuracy is obtained by keeping only the LO splitting functions together with the NLO integrated parton densities. However, it is important to keep the precise kinematics of the process, by taking the scale to be the virtuality rather than the transverse momentum, in order to be consistent with the calculation of the NLO splitting functions.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures. v2: version to appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Anterior chamber depth in mice is controlled by several quantitative trait loci

Anterior chamber depth (ACD) is a quantitative trait associated with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Although ACD is highly heritable, known genetic variations explain a small fraction of the phenotypic variability. The purpose of this study was to identify additional ACD-influencing loci using strains of mice. Cohorts of 86 N2 and 111 F2 mice were generated from crosses between recombinant inbred BXD24/TyJ and wild-derived CAST/EiJ mice. Using anterior chamber optical coherence tomography, mice were phenotyped at 10–12 weeks of age, genotyped based on 93 genome-wide SNPs, and subjected to quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. In an analysis of ACD among all mice, six loci passed the significance threshold of p = 0.05 and persisted after multiple regression analysis. These were on chromosomes 6, 7, 11, 12, 15 and 17 (named Acdq6, Acdq7, Acdq11, Acdq12, Acdq15, and Acdq17, respectively). Our findings demonstrate a quantitative multi-genic pattern of ACD inheritance in mice and identify six previously unrecognized ACD-influencing loci. We have taken a unique approach to studying the anterior chamber depth phenotype by using mice as genetic tool to examine this continuously distributed trait