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    Comments on "New Brans-Dicke Wormholes"

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    It is shown that the recently claimed two new Brans-Dicke wormhole solutions [F. He and S-W. Kim, Phys. Rev. D{\bf 65}, 084022 (2002)] are not really new solutions. They are just the well known Brans-Dicke solutions of Class I and II in a different conformal gauge.Comment: 4 page

    Su Hyun Kim, Piano

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    Sonata C Major Hob: HVI:48 / J. Haydn; Rhapsodie Espagnole S. 254 / F. Liszt; Piano Concerto No. 3 Op. 26 / S. Prokofie

    Pola Komunikasi untuk Pemberdayaan Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat dalam Menyukseskan Program Swasembada Pangan

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    Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM) merupakan lembaga komunikasi nonformal di daerah mempunyai peran strategis di masyarakat, tetapi keberadaannya belum bisa mengakomodir program swasembada pangan seperti yang dicanangkan Presiden Joko Widodo. Hal ini karena pola komunikasi terpadu antara masyarakat dengan unsur stakeholder di daerahnya belum terbangun secara sinergis, serta belum terbangunnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya program ini. Fokus kajian ini mengungkap bagaimana pola komunikasi yang tepat untuk pemberdayaan KIM dalam menyukseskan program swasembada pangan. Tujuannya adalah terbangunnya suatu pola komunikasi KIM yang lebih baik dalam menghadapi program tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan paradigma studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif, kemudian disusun suatu penguatan pola atau model komunikasi yang tepat dalam menghadapi program tersebut. Subyek penelitian adalah masyarakat dan para stakeholder setempat yang dipandang memahami masalah penelitian ini. Lokasi adalah KIM Palasari, Desa Palasari, Kecamatan Cilengkrang, Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pemberdayaan komunikasi KIM adalah dengan model komunikasi pendampingan yang lebih terarah dari para stakeholders dan mengembangkan komunikasi kelompok yang lebih demokratis kepada para anggotanya. Pola komunikasi linier (sinergi) secara top down dan bottom up antara KIM dengan para stakeholder yang kompeten perlu penguatan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang benar dalam berkomunikasi

    ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ†ต์น˜ ์ „๋žต

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€(์ •์น˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ์ž„๊ฒฝํ›ˆ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…์žฌ์ •์น˜ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊น€์ •์€์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ†ต์น˜ ์ „๋žต ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐํž˜๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹น-๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ์˜ โ€˜์ •์ƒํ™”โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ น์˜ ์ •๊ถŒ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋„๋ชจ๋ผ๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ถœ์‹ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ น๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ถŒ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์™€ ์ฒด์ œ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…์žฌ์ •์น˜ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋…์žฌ์ž ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋…์žฌ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…์žฌ์˜ ์ž‘๋™์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์„ ์ถœ์ธ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์Šน์ž์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ†ต์น˜์ž์™€ ์Šน์ž์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ†ต์น˜์ž์˜ ์ •๊ถŒ ์œ ์ง€ ์ „๋žต์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋…ธ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”์Šคํ‚คํƒ€์˜ ์„ ์ถœ์ธ๋‹จ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊น€์ •์€์€ 1) ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ถ•์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์Šน์ž ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , 2) ์žฆ์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ์ธ์‚ฌ ๊ฐœํŽธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๋ฒŒ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋…์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์„ฑ์„ธ๋ ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ถŒ์„ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋…์žฌ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…์žฌ์ž์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊น€์ •์€์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…์žฌ์ž์˜ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋‹น-๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น-๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๊ฑด์„ค๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ น๋…์žฌ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹น์˜ ์˜๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋ น์˜ ์˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์šฐ์œ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊น€์ •์€์€ ์ง‘๊ถŒ ์ดํ›„ ๋‹น-๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ์˜ โ€˜์ •์ƒํ™”โ€™๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ โ€˜๋ณต์›โ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆด ๋งŒํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊พ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ๋‹น์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹น-๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ์˜ โ€˜์ •์ƒํ™”โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹น-๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ น์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ถํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๊ณผ์ • ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์ •๊ถŒ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์™€ ์ฒด์ œ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋…์žฌ์ž์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค.By analyzing the power elite of the Kim Jong-un regime from the perspective of autocratic theory, this thesis reveals Kim Jong-unโ€™s strategy of taming power elites and explores the meaning of the political changes in North Korea. Previous studies on the power elite in North Korea have focused mainly on analyzing the origins and backgrounds of individual power elites or their connection with Suryeong. This thesis interprets the analysis and data on the North Korean power elite achieved by these previous studies from the perspective of autocratic theory. The autocratic theory is useful because it distinguishes between groups of acts that form a dictatorship and reveals the operating principles of dictatorship through changes in their relationships. In particular, the Selectorate Theory of Bueno de Mesquita (BdM) explains the relationship between the ruler and the Winning Coalition through the size of the Selectorate and the Winning Coalition, which is the basis of the theoretical discussion in this thesis. Kim Jong-un diminishes the size of power elites in an effort to consolidate the dictatorโ€™s political standing. And he staves off factional coalitions from forming by stirring up organizational structure and frequent cabinet/elite reshuffle. These two strategies are accompanied by an institutional change in the โ€˜normalizationโ€™ of the Party-Sate System. This thesis analyzes the partyโ€™s empowerment in North Korea from the perspective of Kim Jong-unโ€™s strategy of maintaining his dictatorship.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Questions 1 1.2 Research Methods and Materials 5 1.3 Composition of the Thesis 8 Chapter 2. Literature Review 10 2.1 Studies of Party-State System 10 2.2 Studies of Dictatorships. 14 2.3 "Selectorate Theory" of Bueno de Mesquita. 16 Chapter 3. Capitalizing on the Party-State System 18 3.1 Succession Strategy for Kim Jong-un 18 3.2 Reign of Terror under Kim Jong-un. 20 3.3 "Normalization" in Context. 22 Chapter 4. Party over Winning Coalition: Maneuvering the Size 25 4.1 Shrinking of the Winning Coalition 25 4.2 Discussion of the Selectorate in North Korea. 30 Chapter 5. Stirring Up the Elite Coalitions 32 5.1 Revamping the Bureaucracy. 32 5.1.1 The Military. 32 5.1.2 Office No. 39. 39 5.2 Reshuffling the Personnel. 43 Chapter 6. Conclusion 44 Bibliography 46 Abstract in Korean 51Maste

    Famine in North Korea (1990's to Present): Agricultural Reform Policy and Food Security Under Kim Jong Un

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2020. 8. Sheen, Seong-ho.This study aims to unveil the truth about famine, agriculture reform policies and food security in North Korea. The study examines what truly embodies famine, its indicators and its consequences towards constituents. Furthermore, it takes a closer look into the rise of the Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un. With this in mind, it examines Kim Jong Un and his commitment to transforming North Korean society with specific emphasis on agriculture. This is an observational analysis that aims to confirm that former agricultural policies have been ineffective for a number of reasons (e.g. government and regional inconsistencies, lack of arable land, environmental issues, lack of resources etc). In addition to this, the study aims to explore whether or not Kim Jong Un is taking strategic measures to ensure food security for North Korea. In order to evaluate and analyze, first we must take a closer look at the history of agricultural reform policies to see how they directly influence food security and famine in North Korea. Furthermore, this study will examine how the historical background directly influenced many of these changes. The core of this research relies on the observation of agricultural developments and setbacks. This study examines Kim Jong Uns movement within the agriculture sector to examine whether the young leader is working towards securing food for the North Korean people.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ทผ, ๋†์—…๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์ฑ…, ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž ๊น€์ •์€์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋†์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์›์ธ (์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ค‘์•™ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋ชจ์ˆœ, ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์ž์› ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋“ฑ)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋†์—… ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊น€์ •์€์ด ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋žต์  ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ๋†์—… ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ถํ•œ ๋†์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ง€์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋†์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊น€์ •์€์˜ ํ–‰๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Literature Review 4 Chapter 3. Measuring the Indicators of Famine. 7 3.1 Measuring Famine 7 3.2 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC). 8 3.3 Famine Intensity and Magnitude Scales. 13 3.4 Crude Mortality Rate (CMR) 18 3.5 Cause-Specific Mortality Rate 19 3.6 Measuring Acute Malnutrition 20 3.7 Importance for Food Security 22 Chapter 4. The North Korean Famine (1990-1998). 24 4.1 Historical Background 24 4.2 Mismanagement of the Economic and Agriculture Sector 25 4.3 Climate Disturbance . 31 4.4 Government Neglect. 32 4.4.1 Failure in Distribution 32 4.4.2 Issues Regarding International Aid Relief.. 35 Chapter 5. Food Security in North Korea 38 5.1 Public Distribution System (PDS). 39 5.2 International Aid 42 5.3 Black Markets 46 5.4 Ideology & Enacted Policies 47 5.4.1 Juch Ideology (์ฃผ์ฒด์‚ฌ์ƒ) 48 5.4.2 Military First 49 5.4.3 Two Meals A Day. 50 Chapter 6. Consequences Towards Constituents. 52 6.1 Death Toll & Malnutrition 52 6.2 Impact on Agriculture 58 6.3 Rise of Kotjebe (๊ฝƒ์ œ๋น„) 59 6.4 Continuous Struggle with Famine 60 Chapter 7. The Dawn of a New Era 62 7.1. The Rise of Kim Jong Un 62 7.1.1 Leadership and Personality Traits 64 7.2. Vision Changes for North Korea 65 7.2.1 North Korean Economy 66 7.2.2 Nuclear Program 67 7.2.3 International Political Engagement 70 Chapter 8. Agriculture Reform Policies. 75 8.1 The History of Agriculture Reforms Policies in North Korea 75 8.2 Agriculture Reform Policy under Kim Jong Un. 83 8.2.1 Field Responsibility System (FRS) 84 Chapter 9. Observations & Analysis 86 9.1 Agriculture Developments. 86 9.1.1 Military-run Farms. 87 9.1.2 Greenhouse Farms 90 9.1.3 Fertilizer Plant 92 9.1.4 Expansion of Agriculture Science Research Institutes 94 9.1.5 Reform Policy Success 95 9.2 Agriculture Setbacks 96 9.2.1 Continuation of Climate Disturbance & Lack of Resources 96 9.2.2 Unrealistic Expectations 98 9.2.3 Lack of Guidance. 99 9.2.4 Complications due to COVID-19 Pandemic 100 Chapter 10. Conclusion 103 Bibliography ix Appendix. xvi A. Interview with Professor Clark Sorenson Acknowledgments xxMaste

    A Study on the Industrial Revolution of the New Century

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ํ•œ์ •ํ›ˆ.North Korea has expended considerable effort in pursuing its goal of the Industrial Revolution of the New Century (IRNC), which is known as North Koreas latest science and technology (S&T) innovation at the same time economic development strategy. Despite its dire economic conditions, exacerbated by the recent sanctions, the country has expended considerable amounts of resources and efforts in pursuing its goal of leapfrogging through the IRNC. However, existing biases and high standards of S&T evaluation towards this lower-middle-income (LMI) state led its S&T to be considered as rather obsolete. Is North Koreas S&T too obsolete to be used as a means for economic development? This thesis explores the transition and development of North Koreas S&T policy and its capability from Kim Jong-ils S&T-oriented policy to Kim Jong-uns IRNC. It aims to explain the characteristics of the IRNC compared to the previous regimes S&T policy and how certain changes have resulted in North Koreas current S&T development. Thereby, the paper argues that the current regimes S&T policy via the IRNC has allowed the acceleration of innovation development lacked in the previous regime. It also argues that North Koreas S&T innovations since Kim Jong-uns regime do not fall behind those of other countries at similar stages of their industrial development. The current governments innovations clearly show that this time, North Korea has the potential to leapfrog. Yet, it also notes that the current regimes persistent pursuit of nuclear weapons and isolation from the international scene will limit its potential to achieve further economic growth as a socialist economic powerhouse.๋ถํ•œ์€ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถํ•œ์‹ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ œ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž๊ธˆ๋‚œ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ ์ „๋žต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๋ชป์ง€์•Š์€ ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ง€์›์„ ์•„๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด ์€๋‘” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‚™ํ›„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋งŒํผ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊น€์ •์ผ ์ •๊ถŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ˜„ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ด์ „ ์ •๊ถŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ˜์‹  ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถํ•œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์šฐ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜น์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋’ค์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ „๋žต์ด ๋ถํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ๋„์•ฝ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ด‰์‡„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ „๋ง์€ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๋น„ํ•ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ์ค‘์ €์†Œ๋“๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๊น€์ •์€์˜ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . Introduction 1 โ…ก. Literature Review 6 1. North Koreas Current Economic Status 6 2. Inter-Korean S&T Cooperation Optimists and North Korean S&T Skeptic 10 3. Analytical Framework 14 โ…ข. Transition of S&T Policy Under Two Regimes 22 1. S&T Policy by Kim Jong-il 22 1-1. Policy background 23 1-2. S&T in reality: a tool for economic recovery 25 1-3. Seeking comparative advantage via IT industry 30 2. S&T Policy by Kim Jong-un 35 2-1. Policy background 35 2-2. S&T via the IRNC: objective for building socialist economic powerhouse and knowledge economy 38 2-3. Seeking comparative advantage via High Technology 42 2-4. Acceleration of innovation building: financial support and maximizing welfares in S&T 48 โ…ฃ. Innovation Outputs via the IRNC 54 1. Registration of International Academic Journals Related to S&T 55 1-1. Quantitative competitiveness of S&T journal publication 55 1-2. Journals by categories 59 1-3. Contribution of North Koreas journals to S&T academia 63 2. Patent Registrations 69 2-1. Quantitative competitiveness of patent 72 2-2. Patents by categories 78 โ…ค. Conclusion 83 Bibliography 88Maste

    Remarks on non-linear noise excitability of some stochastic heat equations

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    We consider nonlinear parabolic SPDEs of the form โˆ‚tu=ฮ”u+ฮปฯƒ(u)wห™\partial_t u=\Delta u + \lambda \sigma(u)\dot w on the interval (0,L)(0, L), where wห™\dot w denotes space-time white noise, ฯƒ\sigma is Lipschitz continuous. Under Dirichlet boundary conditions and a linear growth condition on ฯƒ\sigma, we show that the expected L2L^2-energy is of order expโก[constร—ฮป4]\exp[\text{const}\times\lambda^4] as ฮปโ†’โˆž\lambda\rightarrow \infty. This significantly improves a recent result of Khoshnevisan and Kim. Our method is very different from theirs and it allows us to arrive at the same conclusion for the same equation but with Neumann boundary condition. This improves over another result of Khoshnevisan and Kim

    Weight loss in type 2 diabetes

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    Support from nurses is crucial to help obese and overweight patients achieve and maintain weight loss, explains Nicky Kim
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