Quantum Nonlocality for a Mixed Entangled Coherent State

Quantum nonlocality is tested for an entangled coherent state, interacting with a dissipative environment. A pure entangled coherent state violates Bell's inequality regardless of its coherent amplitude. The higher the initial nonlocality, the more rapidly quantum nonlocality is lost. The entangled coherent state can also be investigated in the framework of $2\times2$ Hilbert space. The quantum nonlocality persists longer in $2\times2$ Hilbert space. When it decoheres it is found that the entangled coherent state fails the nonlocality test, which contrasts with the fact that the decohered entangled state is always entangled.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures. To be published in J. Mod. Op

Beyond Generation rent: Understanding the aspirations of private renters aged 35-54

The private rented sector (PRS) has more than doubled in the UK over the last 20 years and is now home to more than 4.5 million households (ONS 2019: 3). Once a housing tenure associated with students and mobile young professionals, it is now increasingly housing, long-term, a more diverse range of tenants including families with children and lowerincome groups. Whilst much of the policy and political focus has been on young people – the so called ‘Generation Rent’ (Hoolachan and McKee 2019; McKee and Soaita 2018; McKee et al., 2017; Hoolachan et al., 2017; Christophers 2017; Cole, Powell and Sanderson 2016; McKee 2012) – the number of older households in the PRS is also on the rise (Rugg and Rhodes 2018: 63; DWP 2019). Yet renters over 35 remain a relatively under-studied age group by comparison. This qualitative study seeks to address this key research gap. It follows on from our previous research on ‘Generation Rent’ (McKee and Soaita 2018). Whilst research with young renters underscores the combined challenges of unaffordability, insecurity and poor-quality standards (see for example, McKee and Soaita, 2018), there is much less evidence in the UK context about the extent to which these are also issues for older, middleaged private renters. Enhancing our understanding of tenant experiences across the lifecycle is critical to ensuring policy interventions are appropriate for all age groups. Whilst young people under 35 are the largest segment within the PRS, focusing only on the challenges they face runs the risk that older renters, often with children, are ignored in policy terms. Yet the growing numbers of people entering older age now and, in the future, as private renters, is something that government(s), landlords and tenants themselves must confront

A Mani-Pedi-Anti-Counter-FESTO for Queer Screen Production Practice

In this audiovisual essay, four practitioner-academics seek to identify and address the need to reimagine queer screen production. Traditional heteronormative storytelling dominates the screen production landscape, necessitating a challenge to create more inclusive and diverse narratives. Through the creation of a manifesto essay film, the researchers collectively reflect on their creative practices, synthesize their approaches, and develop a new vision for queer screen production. The result demonstrates the value of embracing: sustainable practices, queer kinship-making as filmmaking, alternatives to hegemonic forms, queer shame, queer failure, eternal adolescence, and the disruption of the ever-forward momentum (among other approaches). Manifesto-making as a method encourages creative practitioners to question the status quo of screen production contexts and strategies, and to think critically about the storytelling norms in broader creative practice. The researchers argue that such an approach can enable creative practitioners to pave the way for new, innovative collaborations and contribute to a more inclusive and diverse creative landscape. This film enacts the opportunities that arise when considering the spectrum of screen production in broader, ‘queerer’, ways, through notions of kinship-making, polyphony and the ‘queer art of failure’ (Halberstam 2011). The disruption of dominant narrative models can be considered in the context of queer theory’s critiques of heteronormative temporality, asking how queer approaches to narrative construction might challenge the heteronormative markers of success and happiness, or what Elizabeth Freeman calls ‘chrononormativity’ (2010). Using ‘manifesto as method’, the film combines the authors’ separate practices in filmmaking, screenwriting, mobile media and documentary in ways that deviate from mainstream categorisations, production hierarchies and workflows

Increasing diversity of production cell lines through miniaturization, automation, and high-throughput analytics

The development of a successful biologic therapeutic manufacturing process begins with the creation of a stable clonal cell line. Since attributes of the production cell line will significantly impact upstream and downstream processes, researchers must find ways to generate several candidate lines with diverse properties. However, a wide diversity is difficult to achieve since cultures are commonly selected, maintained, and screened as populations. In these populations, robust sub-populations can overtake the overall culture and reduce diversity. To combat this, sub-populations must be physically separated by splitting or subcloning, and maintained in individual vessels requiring intensive labor and infrastructure. As a result, researchers must balance between either increasing diversity vs. increasing resources need to maintain and screen hundreds of cultures. In order to shift this balance towards greater diversity, we have developed systems that combines miniaturization of culture vessels, targeted use of automation, and single cell analysis to allow for hundreds of cell lines to be isolated, maintained, and analyzed. We demonstrate cell lines can be easily maintained in simple low volume formats with no impact on cells. We show that we can significantly improve and maintain diversity through separation and isolation of hundreds of cultures. Additionally, higher throughputs allows to assess cell line phenotypes of multiple candidate lines early in development. Benefits achieved through this approach did not increase resources or timelines. Moving towards miniaturization combined with single cell analysis will also enable future possibilities for more precise cell engineering and gene editing

Efficient Quantum Computation using Coherent States

Universal quantum computation using optical coherent states is studied. A teleportation scheme for a coherent-state qubit is developed and applied to gate operations. This scheme is shown to be robust to detection inefficiency.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, extended and modified (in print, PRA

Enabling next-generation cell line development using continuous perfusion and nanofluidic technologies

The manufacturing process for a biologic begins with establishing a clonally derived, stable production cell line. Generating a highly productive cell line is time and resource intensive and involves screening of a large number of candidates. While miniaturization and automation strategies can reduce resources and increase throughput, they have matured and recent advances have been incremental. With increasing pressure on time to commercialization and the increasing diversity and complexity of therapies in discovery research, there is a need to transform cell line development to accelerate patient access to novel therapies and nanofluidic technology are on potential solution. In this study, we present cell line development data on the Berkeley Lights integrated platform. Cells are manipulated at a single cell level though use of OptoElectronic Positioning (OEP) technology which utilizes projected light patterns to activate photoconductors that gently moves cells. Common cell culture tasks can be programmed though software allowing thousands of cell lines to cultured simultaneously. Cultures can be interrogated for productivity and growth characteristics while on the chip at ~100-fold miniaturization and continuous perfusion of cell culture medium enables effective and robust cell growth and product concentration despite starting from a single cell. Concepts from perfusion culture are also applied to measure productivity and product quality. We demonstrate that commercial production CHO cell lines can be cultured in this nanofluidic environment and show that sub clone isolation, recovery, and selection are achieved with high efficiency. Overall, this technology has the potential to transform cell line development workflows through the replacement of laborious manual processes with nanofluidics and automation, and can ultimately enable the rapid selection of high performing cell lines

Integration of highly probabilistic sources into optical quantum architectures: perpetual quantum computation

In this paper we introduce a design for an optical topological cluster state computer constructed exclusively from a single quantum component. Unlike previous efforts we eliminate the need for on demand, high fidelity photon sources and detectors and replace them with the same device utilised to create photon/photon entanglement. This introduces highly probabilistic elements into the optical architecture while maintaining complete specificity of the structure and operation for a large scale computer. Photons in this system are continually recycled back into the preparation network, allowing for a arbitrarily deep 3D cluster to be prepared using a comparatively small number of photonic qubits and consequently the elimination of high frequency, deterministic photon sources.Comment: 19 pages, 13 Figs (2 Appendices with additional Figs.). Comments welcom

Experimentally realizable characterizations of continuous variable Gaussian states

Measures of entanglement, fidelity and purity are basic yardsticks in quantum information processing. We propose how to implement these measures using linear devices and homodyne detectors for continuous variable Gaussian states. In particular, the test of entanglement becomes simple with some prior knowledge which is relevant to current experiments.Comment: 4 pages, This paper supersedes quant-ph/020315

Rethinking clonality using modeling approaches

A combination of experimental procedures, imaging, and probability estimation are typically used as evidence of clonality for the manufacture of a biotherapeutic product. In situations where the totality of evidence is unavailable, establishing a high statistical probability for monoclonality can help strengthen the argument for clonality. In this study, the probability of clonality was re-examined for the limiting dilution method using a combination of experimental and modeling approaches. A limiting dilution experiment was performed using a 50:50 mixed population of GFP-and RFP-expressing cells and the plates were imaged over a span of two weeks. The imaged cells were scored for clonality and double checked with fluorescence imager. Among all wells that had single colony-like growth on day 14 and a single cell-like image on day 0, a fraction of the wells were confirmed to have two colors on day 14 by fluorescence imaging, indicating the singe cell-like day 0 images for these wells were false reads. Considering the possibility of having 2 or more cells with the same color in a particular well, we estimated the worst case total possible number of wells with 2 or more cells on day 0. Moreover, assuming a Poisson distribution for limiting dilution, the recovery rate of any single cell that grew into a visible colony by day 14 was estimated. Our modeling analysis indicated that only a fraction of the wells with \u3e2 cells on day 0 could grow into non-monoclonal colonies. If cells from any of the wells with single colony-like growth on day 14 and single cell-like image on day 0 were chosen as the final clone, the probability of monoclonality was estimated to be \u3e 95% with a 95% upper confidence limit

Nanoscale integration of single cell biologics discovery processes using optofluidic manipulation and monitoring.

The new and rapid advancement in the complexity of biologics drug discovery has been driven by a deeper understanding of biological systems combined with innovative new therapeutic modalities, paving the way to breakthrough therapies for previously intractable diseases. These exciting times in biomedical innovation require the development of novel technologies to facilitate the sophisticated, multifaceted, high-paced workflows necessary to support modern large molecule drug discovery. A high-level aspiration is a true integration of "lab-on-a-chip" methods that vastly miniaturize cellulmical experiments could transform the speed, cost, and success of multiple workstreams in biologics development. Several microscale bioprocess technologies have been established that incrementally address these needs, yet each is inflexibly designed for a very specific process thus limiting an integrated holistic application. A more fully integrated nanoscale approach that incorporates manipulation, culture, analytics, and traceable digital record keeping of thousands of single cells in a relevant nanoenvironment would be a transformative technology capable of keeping pace with today's rapid and complex drug discovery demands. The recent advent of optical manipulation of cells using light-induced electrokinetics with micro- and nanoscale cell culture is poised to revolutionize both fundamental and applied biological research. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for optical manipulation techniques and discuss emerging biological applications of this technology. In particular, we focus on promising prospects for drug discovery workflows, including antibody discovery, bioassay development, antibody engineering, and cell line development, which are enabled by the automation and industrialization of an integrated optoelectronic single-cell manipulation and culture platform. Continued development of such platforms will be well positioned to overcome many of the challenges currently associated with fragmented, low-throughput bioprocess workflows in biopharma and life science research