Reanalysis Product-Based Nonstationary Frequency Analysis for Estimating Extreme Design Rainfall

Nonstationarity is one major issue in hydrological models, especially in design rainfall analysis. Design rainfalls are typically estimated by annual maximum rainfalls (AMRs) of observations below 50 years in many parts of the world, including South Korea. However, due to the lack of data, the time-dependent nature may not be sufficiently identified by this classic approach. Here, this study aims to explore design rainfall with nonstationary condition using century-long reanalysis products that help one to go back to the early 20th century. Despite its useful representation of the past climate, the reanalysis products via observational data assimilation schemes and models have never been tested in representing the nonstationary behavior in extreme rainfall events. We used daily precipitations of two century-long reanalysis datasets as the ERA-20c by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the 20th century reanalysis (20CR) by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The AMRs from 1900 to 2010 were derived from the grids over South Korea. The systematic errors were downgraded through quantile delta mapping (QDM), as well as conventional stationary quantile mapping (SQM). The evaluation result of the bias-corrected AMRs indicated the significant reduction of the errors. Furthermore, the AMRs present obvious increasing trends from 1900 to 2010. With the bias-corrected values, we carried out nonstationary frequency analysis based on the time-varying location parameters of generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Design rainfalls with certain return periods were estimated based on the expected number of exceedance (ENE) interpretation. Although there is a significant range of uncertainty, the design quantiles by the median parameters showed the significant relative difference, from −30.8% to 42.8% for QDM, compared with the quantiles by the multi-decadal observations. Even though the AMRs from the reanalysis products are challenged by various errors such as quantile mapping (QM) and systematic errors, the results from the current study imply that the proposed scheme with employing the reanalysis product might be beneficial to predict the future evolution of extreme precipitation and to estimate the design rainfall accordingly

ブンカ シゲン アーカイビング ノ ミライ ニ ムケテ

韓国の記録管理の世界は時代の流れとともに、変化してきた。民主的諸権利の確立と「公共記録物管理法」の成立、プロセスの民主化と「記録管理革新事業」、そして近年の電子記録管理の進展と文化資源アーカイビングの開始である。韓国の文化資源アーカイビングは、文化財庁をはじめとする文化機関や、文化芸術を生み出している現場からの需要の高まりを受け、記録管理学やアーカイブズ学がそれに応える形で進められている。その際には、収集戦略、専門的な記録管理、長期保存技術、多様なサービス提供方法など、従来の記録管理の考え方を取り入れた機能設計が行われ、文化芸術分野における体系的な記録管理体制を目指している。今後、現在の様々な取り組みを踏まえて、文化資源アーカイブズは構築されていくだろう。そのためには、文化芸術アーカイブズを専門的に扱う、「文化資源アーキビスト」を養成していくことが必要不可欠である。Records management in South Korea has changed with the times.Changes like the progress in the establishment of democratic rights,the Public Records Administration Act,the democratization processes,records administration innovation,electronic recording management,and the start of cultural-resources archiving have been seen in recent years.In South Korea,cultural-resources archiving is practiced by cultural organizations and organizations that produce culture and art,and is advanced in terms of both records management and archival science.The functional design that corresponded to the conventional records administration was implemented,and a collection strategy,special records administration,preservation,and various service provision methods,among other things,are being developed for a systematic records administration organization in the field of culture and art. In the future,cultural resources archives will be built based on the present methods that are being explored.Moreover,it is indispensable to train cultural-resources archivists who specialize in culture and art archiving.講

A situation-aware cross-platform architecture for ubiquitous game

Multi-player online games (MOGs) are popular in these days. However, contemporary MOGs do not really support ubiquity in the sense that a seamless service across heterogeneous hardware platforms is not provided. This paper presents the architecture of the cross-platform online game, which provides a service to users from heterogeneous platforms and is equipped with a situation-aware capability for enabling the users to seamlessly move between heterogeneous platforms. The experimental results through the prototype implementations show the feasibility of the situation-aware cross-platform game

The Clinical Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Lymph Node Metastasis in Periorbital Malignancies

PURPOSE: Surgical treatment of malignancies in the oral cavity and subsequent radiotherapy often result in an oral condition unfavorable for prosthodontic rehabilitation. This study assessed the quality of life related to oral function in edentulous head and neck cancer patients following oncology treatment of malignancies in the lower region of the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients treated between 1990 and 2000 with surgery and radiotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity who were edentulous in the mandible and had been treated with a conventional, non-implant-retained denture received an invitation for a clinical check-up (clinical assessment, questionnaires regarding oral function and quality of life). RESULTS: Sixty-seven of the 84 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were willing to participate in the study. The mean irradiation dosage that these patients had received in the oral region was 61.8 +/- 5.4 Gy. Half of the patients (n=33) were not very satisfied with their prostheses; they wore their mandibular prostheses at most a few hours per day. It was concluded from the clinical assessment that two thirds of the patients (n 4) could benefit from an implant-retained mandibular denture. Analyses of the questionnaires revealed no significant associations between functional assessments, quality of life, and parameters such as size of the primary tumor, location of the primary tumor, and different treatment regimes. Despite cancer treatment, the patients reported a rather good general quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Sequelae resulting from radiotherapy probably dominate oral function and quality of life after oncology treatment. In two thirds of the patients, improvement of oral function and related quality of life would be expected with the use of an implant-retained mandibular denture