3,428 research outputs found
Phospholipase C-beta 1 Hypofunction in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by various abnormal symptoms. Previous studies indicate decreased expression of phospholipase c-beta 1 (PLc-beta 1) in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. PLC-beta 1 -null (PLC-beta 1) mice exhibit multiple endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Furthermore, a study of PLC beta 1 knockdown in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice has shown a specific behavioral deficit, impaired working memory. These results support the notion that disruption of PLC-beta 1-linked signaling in the brain is strongly involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this review, we broadly investigate recent studies regarding schizophrenia-related behaviors as well as their various clinical and biological correlates in PLC-beta 1- and knockdown mouse models. This will provide a better understanding of the pathological relevance of the altered expression of PLC p1 in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Evidence accumulated will shed light on future in-depth studies, possibly in human subjects.1341scopu
A study on the change in the characteristics of the gait of elderly people when somatosensory stimulation was applied to their ankle joint
The gait is the most complicated, habitual, and involuntary activity of humans and is a result of the cooperation of the central and peripheral nervous systems that harmoniously mobilize the sensory receptors, nervous system, and muscles. A sensory signal binds to a somatosensory system proprioceptor to obtain information on posture. This study was designed to analyze the change in the characteristics of a gait when stimulation is applied in the somatosensory system that controls the balance of the body. A result of the GRF obtained from the force plate and gyroscope signals from the sensor attached on ankle joint were obtained to compare the change before and after the somatosensory stimulation. The result of this study proved a potential of somatosensory stimulation in improving balance, which could be used in studies on the balance of positions and gait improvement
A study on the changes in gait characteristics by applying sub-threshold vibration stimulus in the ankle
This study was conducted to suggest the potential use of a mechanical vibration stimulus in the ankle to correct gait abnormalities. As for the mechanical vibration stimulus, different locations and durations are suggested based on the detection results of real-time gait patterns. 5 young males participated in this study. They were asked to perform assigned gait tasks when either a threshold or sub-threshold stimulus was applied in the tibialis anterior and Achilles tendon. The analysis results of gait cycle and muscle activity showed the changes on gait cycle, the activity pattern of used muscle for gait and the movement pattern of the ankle were observed based on the applied locations of vibration stimulus. Also, the result of sub-threshold stimulus showed similar effects as that of threshold stimulus. As such, the mechanical vibration stimulus was considered to affect gait by being adjusted its characteristics and local stimulus also would affect human body systemically. The result of this study can be used as basic data for the correction of individual’s specific gait abnormality and rehabilitation using vibration stimulus
Effects of muscular response for the intensity of vibratory stimulus applied on the ankle tendon
The present study was conducted to measure the individual threshold value for the somatosensory system of the human body, the thresholds value of vibratory stimulus were assessed through the ascent and descent methods. In the interests of the attainment of this study`s goal, comparing the thresholds value measured and change of state of the muscles when applied on the ankle tendon connected to muscles, changes in threshold measurement accuracy due to the differences in measuring methods were discussed. The experiment was conducted by constructing systems to stimulate somethetic sensibility by vibratory stimulus, ultrasound imaging system and EMG system. Five adult males were involved in this experiment. According to the results of experiments, the threshold value of somatosensory stimulation measured by the ascent method was greater than the threshold values measured by the descent method. And the muscular response to the somatosensory stimulation applied to the tibialis anterior tendon showed a larger rate of change with the ascending stimulus than with the descending stimulus. The results of this study could serve as a basis to discuss the reliability of the measurement method of the human body’s individual threshold value for the somatosensory system through the ascent and descent methods and can be used as reference data for the integration and performance threshold measurement methods
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Is poststroke complex regional pain syndrome the combination of shoulder pain and soft tissue injury of the wrist?: A prospective observational study STROBE of ultrasonographic findings in complex regional pain syndrome
Patients with poststroke complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) show different symptoms compared to other types of CRPS, as they usually complain of shoulder and wrist pain with the elbow relatively spared. It is thus also known by the term “shoulder-hand syndrome.”
The aim of this study is to present a possible pathophysiology of poststroke CRPS through ultrasonographic observation of the affected wrist before and after steroid injection at the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) tendon in patients suspected with poststroke CRPS.
Prospective evaluation and observation, the STROBE guideline checklist was used.
Twenty-three patients diagnosed as poststroke CRPS in accordance to clinical criteria were enrolled. They had a Three Phase Bone Scan (TPBS) done and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of EDC tendon was measured by using ultrasonography. They were then injected with steroid at the EDC tendon. The CSA of EDC tendon, visual analogue scale (VAS), and degree of swelling of the wrist were followed up 1 week after the injection.
TPBS was interpreted as normal for 4 patients, suspected CRPS for 10 patients, and CRPS for 9 patients. Ultrasonographic findings of the affected wrist included swelling of the EDC tendon. After the injection of steroid to the wrist, CSA and swelling of the affected wrist compared to that before the treatment was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The VAS score declined significantly after the injection (P < 0.001).
Our results suggest that the pathophysiology of poststroke CRPS might be the combination of frozen shoulder or rotator cuff tear of shoulder and soft tissue injury of the wrist caused by the hemiplegic nature of patients with stroke
Eastern Staining: A Simple Recombinant Protein Detection Technology Using a Small Peptide Tag and Its Counter Partner Which is a Fluorescent Compound
Small peptide tags such as c-myc, HA, or FLAG tag have facilitated efficient Westernblotting
of proteins of interest especially when specific antibodies for the proteins are
not available. However, the conventional Western-blotting requires the multi-steps
process taking at least several hours up to two days. With examples of various applications,
here we show a convenient and time-saving method for protein detection which
employs a fluorescent chemical BDED and its binding peptide RC-tag. And we propose
“Estern staining”, as a standard term for protein detection method using fluorescent
chemicals and their binding small peptide tags. Eastern staining may substitutes for the
time-consuming “immuno-staining” in many versatile applications.22Yothe
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