Quantum Principle of Relativity and The Renormalizable Quantum Gravity

We develop a purely quantum theory based on the novel principle of relativity, termed the quantum principle of relativity, instead of applying the diffeomorphism invariance. We demonstrate that the essence of the principle of relativity can be naturally extended into the quantum realm, maintaining the identical structures of active and passive transformations. By employing this principle, we show that quantum gravitational effects are naturally incorporated into the renormalizable theory, with general relativity emerging in large distances. We derive graviton propagators and provide several examples grounded in this novel theory.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Revisiting the detection rate for axion haloscopes

The cavity haloscope has been employed to detect microwave photons resonantly converted from invisible cosmic axions under a strong magnetic field. In this scheme, the axion-photon conversion power has been formulated to be valid for certain conditions, either $Q_{cavity}\ll Q_{\rm axion}$ or $Q_{cavity} \gg Q_{axion}$. This remedy, however, fails when these two quantities are comparable to each other. Furthermore, the noise power flow has been treated independently of the impedance mismatch of the system, which could give rise to misleading estimates of the experimental sensitivity. We revisit the analytical approaches to derive a general description of the signal and noise power. We also optimize the coupling strength of a receiver to yield the maximal sensitivity for axion search experiments.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Studi Performa Migrasi Ipv4 ke Ipv6 pada Metode Dual Stack

Dengan ketersedian (space) dari pengalamatan IPv4 yang telah sedikit, itu telah menjadi alasan utama bagi penyedia layanan, Perusahaan, pengembang aplikasi, dan pemerintah untuk memulai beralih dengan IPv6. Sebuah migrasi dari IPv4 ke IPv6 sulit dicapai. Karena beberapa mekanisme yang diperlukan untuk menjamin kelancaran, komunikasi dan peralihan secara utuh ke IPv6. Tidak hanya transisi, integrasi IPv6 juga diperlukan ke dalam jaringan yang ada. Solusi (mekanisme) dapat dibagi menjadi tiga kategori: dual stack, tunneling dan translation. Dalam proyek ini mekanisme tr ansisi Dual-Stack diimplementasikan di GNS3 (Graphical Network Simulator), menggunakan CISCO router. Jaringan ini dilihat dengan bantuan Wireshark (Packet analyzer). kedua topologi dibandingkan, Dual-Stack dan Tunneling, yang dapat diamati dengan menangkap paket pada interface router

Testing and diagnosis for systematic defects based on design-for-manufacturability guidelines

The occurrence of systematic defects is increasing with shrinking feature sizes of manufacturing processes. Design-for-manufacturability (DFM) rules and guidelines are layout constraints that are followed for ensuring yield and manufacturability. In spite of the use of DFM rules and guidelines, systematic defects may occur because complete information about process and fabrication defects is not available due to the decreasing window of time to market and the constraints on layout geometry. Noting that DFM guidelines already predict the most important sources of systematic defects, DFM guidelines are used in this dissertation as a basis for modeling, test generation and diagnosis for systematic defects. The basic process we use for this purpose is the following. Layout locations that are potential sites for systematic defects are found by tightening DFM guidelines. Affected transistors are identified at the schematic level, and defect behaviors are translated to gate level logic faults. Fault grading is applied to identify potential test holes. Additional test content is generated for improving test quality. Experimental results of this process were obtained for an Intel Pentium R 4 design demonstrating the feasibility of linking systematic defects and DFM guidelines. The methodology is extended to prioritize layout locations according to the importance of applying DFM guidelines to them. A higher priority is given to layout locations where failure to follow a DFM guideline will result in test holes due to defects that are hard-to-detect. The prioritized list can be used by layout tools to create circuits that are easier to test for systematic defects. We also investigate the use of DFM guidelines during the defect diagnosis process with the goal of identifying which DFM guidelines are responsible for the defects present in failing chips. We introduce a new metric called diagnostic coefficient that allows us to rank the guidelines according to their contribution of hard-to-diagnose defects. DFM guidelines that are ranked high should be applied earlier in order to obtain circuits that are easier to diagnose for systematic defects

The Optimization of Uniform Magnetic Field for an Experimental Search for Axion-mediated Spin-Dependent Interaction

Possible interaction between unpolarized and polarized nuclei in long range may provide a new source for $PT$-violation. Moody and Wilczek proposed that such force might be mediated by the axion. A new idea of tabletop experiment searching for such interaction has been proposed from ARIADNE collaboration including SQUID NMR with polarized $^3$He nuclei using the metastability-exchange optical pumping (MEOP) method. In this method, uniform magnetic field is required to produce the polarized $^3$He gas with a laser at 1083~nm. We describe the finite element method (FEM) as well as the semi-analytical approach to generate uniform field to preserve polarization with a number of Helmholtz Coils compared with each other

Design of a Laser Frequency Stabilization for Cs Atomic Magnetometer

An atomic magnetometer can measure weak magnetic fields with a high sensitivity $\sim~fT/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$, which can be reached with a laser stabilization technique. This sensitivity can be used in axion-like field search. When the gradient of an axion domain wall interacts with the spin of a magnetometer, a very weak extraordinary magnetic field is generated and can be measured. We will develop an atomic magnetometer with Cesium vapor for detecting such magnetic fields from the axion like domain walls. The design of the laser frequency (852~nm) stabilization in the magnetometer using the dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) technique is presented

Characterization of the CAPP magnetometer for GNOME

The $\textbf{G}$lobal $\textbf{N}$etwork of $\textbf{O}$ptical $\textbf{M}$agnetometers to search for $\textbf{E}$xotic physics (GNOME) is an experiment to search for transient events of axion domain walls based on a novel scheme: synchronous measurements of high precision optical magnetometer signals from multiple stations around the Earth. This collaboration now consists of more than 10 magnetometer stations located geographically well apart from each other. One of them at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP) is a newly joined station in Daejeon, South Korea and expects to start the operation of an optical magnetometer for GNOME by the end of 2017. We present initial setup and characterization of the atomic magnetometer at CAPP station

Effective approximation of electromagnetism for axion haloscope searches

The incorporation of axion-photon interaction into the classical Maxwell’s equations has provided insights for axion searches with microwave photons. In addition to current leading axion haloscope searches with resonant cavities for axions in resonance regime (10−6eV < ma < 10−4eV), new proposed experiments also make the most of the Maxwell’s equations to detect an induced electromagnetic field from the axion-photon interaction in long wavelength regime (ma ≪ 10−6eV). In this paper, we apply an effective approximation to the Maxwell’s equations to get a correct form of Maxwell’s equations only for the induced fields. We rigorously solve the Maxwell’s equations for the induced fields to get a close form of electromagnetic fields under various experimental conditions in the axion resonance regime. We attempt to get the electromagnetic field in the long wavelength regime, directly from the solutions in the resonance regime, by taking the long wavelength limit. Axion to photon conversion power in the axion resonance regime was also examined not only for on-resonance frequency, but also for off-resonance frequency region. This would provide information to estimate the conversion power even in off-resonant region of the cavity modes that can be applied for the axion searches. ©2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.11sciescopu

Analytical considerations for optimal axion haloscope design

The cavity haloscope provides a highly sensitive method to search for dark matter axions in the microwave regime. Experimental attempts to enhance the sensitivity have focused on improving major aspects, such as producing strong magnetic fields, increasing cavity quality factors, and achieving lowest possible noise temperatures. Minor details, however, also need to be carefully considered in realistic experimental designs. They are associated with non-uniform magnetic fields over the detection volume, noise propagation under attenuation and temperature gradients, and thermal disequilibrium in the cavity system. We take analytical approaches to these topics and offer optimal treatments for improved performance.11Nsciescopu