Importance Of Intersectoral Co-ordination In The Control Of Communicable Diseases With Special Reference To Plague In Tanzania

A CAJM article on the importance of inter-sectoral participation in the control of communicable diseases (with special reference to plague) in Tanzania.Human health, agriculture, including livestock, energy, education, wildlife, construction, forestry and trade sectors are inter-related and their co-ordination is an important pre-requisite for successful control of most communicable diseases including plague. Similar linkage between research, policy, training and extension activities in each sector are essential for any successful control strategy. Inadequate agricultural produce, inaccessibility of people to the available food and ignorance on proper preparation and usage of available food materials are responsible for malnutrition, and malnourished people are very vulnerable to disease

Islam, Indigenous Traditions, and Adventism in Kenya: A Comparative Study To Determine Effective Approaches To Evangelize Kenyan Muslims

Problem Islam is spreading speedily in Kenya from the coast and the north towards inland areas, converting great number of persons and communities. The Islamic influence is evident in almost all spheres of life in the country, including social, political, economical, and spiritual. Muslims are particularly hard to reach with the gospel. However, this does not mean the task of reaching them is unsurmountable. The task of this project, therefore, was to provide a biblical, theological, and missiological strategy for presenting the gospel to Muslims in Kenya with the view of winning them over to Christianity (Adventism). Method The research was primarily bibliographic, using books, journals, and electronic databases of the James White Library at Andrews University and Notre Dame University. The initial stage researched the historical origins and development of Islam. A brief review about the origin of Seventh-day Adventists in Kenya was considered too. Factors contributing to the spread of Islam in Kenya were examined. A comparative study between Islam, African traditional practices, and Seventh-day Adventists was undertaken. Information relating to the relationship between Islam and Seventh-day Adventists in Kenya was gathered through a questionnaire survey. The data collected through this questionnaire are incorporated into the study. This study endeavored to determine the reasons or factors that contribute to the success of Islamic evangelism and how we could make use of the same strategy to evangelize them. An analysis of the impact of Islam on Kenyan people and subsequently the indigenous effects on Islam was studied. Mission strategies for evangelizing Muslims were developed. Conclusions Islamization in Kenya was essentially carried out by Africans themselves, who shared the same life, spoke the same language, and lived in the same cultural locality entirely. The advent and spread of Islam and Adventism precipitated a different kind of religious situation in contemporary Kenya. A vast majority of the population have abandoned the religions of their ancestors to convert to one or another of the missionary faiths now available in the country. In spite of the many problems and difficulties confronting the converts, it is undeniable that both Islam and Adventists have sunk deep roots in Kenya. The faith of the vast majority of the population now lies mainly with Islam and Christianity. I came up with only six strategies that act as a guide pointing out the sensitivity of the Islamic people and elements that Adventists ought to be aware of. The emphasis is on finding agreements at least on the reality of God, revelation, Scripture, angels, and judgment. Disagreement areas about Christ’s identity, death, and resurrection, and the authority of the Bible can be dealt with carefully and passionately after laying the common ground and winning respect. Therefore Adventists have a unique opportunity to advance the truth to the Muslims, if only they are handled with respect and love. This, again, is the friendship model that I have emphasized throughout this project. The creation of the Kenyan Community Center of Isa is the ultimate solution for preserving Adventists in a Muslim setting. The Adventist evangelist must know what the Kenyan Muslim believes, and must try to state the full Adventist message in a way least offensive to them. Evidently, the survey results in chapter 3 indicate that Adventists in Kenya do not understand who the Muslims are, and that the majority of them have a stereotyped mind-set that Muslims are enemies, commonly known in Adventist circles as the “beast” or “babylon.

Characteristics and allocation outcomes of patients assessed for the renal replacement therapy at Groote Schuur Hospital (2008-2012)

Includes bibliographical references.End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) is a global public health problem with an enormous economic burden. In resource limited settings like South Africa management of End Stage Kidney Diseases is rationed to the most transplantable candidates. Racial and socio-economic inequalities in selecting candidates have been documented in a South Africa despite the availability of guidelines. No data is available on selection outcomes using the current 2010 prioritization guidelines of Western Cape. We audited the outcome of patients assessed for the renal replacement therapy at Groote Schuur hospital. A retrospective analytic study of patients presented to the renal replacement therapy committee was conducted in the renal unit of Groote Schuur Hospital. Outcome letters, proceedings from the committee meetings and the hospital database were sources of data used. All new patients presented between 2008 and 2012 were included in the study. Data entry and statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.22. A total of 734 ESKD patients were assessed for renal replacement therapy between January, 2008 and December, 2012. During that period, there were 564 new patients, of which more than half (53.9%) were not selected for the program. Following the introduction of the new prioritization criteria a trend towards increasing number of patients presented and accepted was noted. More males were presented (M: F = 1.3) and most patients were below the age of 50yrs (n=478, 84.8%). Half of the patients came from low socioeconomic areas. There were no significant differences in socio-demographic factors before and after introduction of the new guidelines. Clinically they had advanced disease with either uremic (n=181, 44.4%) or fluid overload (n=179, 43.9%) symptoms as their major presentation. The underlying causes were Hypertension (40.6%), Diabetes (14.4%) and chronic Glomerulonephritis (15.8%). Predictors of rejection from the program included age above 50 years, unemployment and a poor psychosocial assessment. Substance abuse and Diabetes also showed a statistical significant association with the likelihood of being rejected. Race and marital status were not predictors. Efforts to allocate more resources should continue in view of the loss of young and potential productive life. Advanced presentation of patients with ESRD represents challenges in early diagnosis and referral in the current system. Community screening programs and improved access to knowledgeable clinicians at the primary level is advocated. The use of new selection guidelines have not led to an increase in selection inequalities

Policy and Strategic Options for Enhancing the Performance of Youth-Run Enterprises in Kenya

Youth-Run-Enterprises (YREs) are defined as businesses owned and run by people aged below 35 years. The performance of such enterprises continues to attract a lot of policy and scholarly attention. However, empirical evidence on the determinants of performance of youth run enterprises is limited.

An analysis of TPD: approaches, challenges and implication for the transfer of knowledge and skills to the workplace

This study explored transfer of knowledge and skills from teacher professional learning activities to the workplace. A concurrent mixed method was adopted. Data was collected using questionnaire, FGD and interview. The study was carried out among teachers in public secondary schools in Makueni county in Kenya. The respondents included classroom teachers, principal as well as TPD provider. Findings suggest that the transfer of training into the classroom is influenced by trainee characteristics, training design and work environment which were studied. In addition, findings revealed that while there is a sufficient supply of subject based TPL programs, the quality of these programs does not always reach the expected standard and that the facilitators used were not always qualified teacher educators. Furthermore, schools do not seem to have an internal formalized school policy on TPL to regulate quality and demand transfer to the workplace. Similarly, schools do not have performance appraisal systems to evaluate the extent to which TPL is implemented by teachers and therefore teachers do not feel obliged to implement what they learnt. Teachers sometimes do not feel supported by school management which they expect to provide the resources, opportunity and time for them to put into practice what they learnt in the TPL activitie

Underreporting of Hepatitis E virus infection in Tanzania: a systematic review

Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) frequently causes acute hepatitis with water-borne outbreaks in endemic areas. Updated evidence is required in Tanzania to inform the policymakers and identify research gaps.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse publications on the epidemiology of HEV in Tanzania.Methods: We systematically searched all available publications from the major research databases, and selected websites for unindexed studies, policies, and reports for data reporting on the epidemiology of HEV in Tanzania from inception to date.Results: Five articles were found. There was only one study, performed in 1998, that reported the prevalence of HEV infection in the general  Tanzanian population (0.2%). Three other studies reported prevalence’s of 8%, 6.6% and 0% among HIV-infected pregnant women, reproductive-aged women (15-45 years), and HIV uninfected pregnant women respectively, with no identified associated factors for HEV infection. One last article described an outbreak that affected 690 people with children’s predominance, only 49 samples were tested for HEV and 14 confirmed positive.Conclusions: Our study showed that HEV infection appears to be markedly underreported in Tanzania as evidenced by a significantly lower  reported prevalence compared to neighbouring countries with similar demographics. Increased awareness of this disease by health care  professionals and further epidemiological studies to establish the baseline data of the disease are needed urgently. Keywords: Hepatitis E, prevalence, epidemiology, review, Tanzani

Acoustic signature for chaos and fractal geometries

One discipline of study that has been coming up in the recent years is the study in the behavior of nonlinear systems. Most of these exhibit chaos traits and this has spurred much interest. Fractal geometries, which are as a result of chaos behavior, have been more feasible to research on, with the recent computer technology. Most of these fractal behaviors can be mapped into the sound domain. This \u27sound domain\u27 is referred to as acoustic signature. This thesis majors on a way to map out the fractals to the sound domain without much change in the parameters that define the fractal. Some of these parameters include position of the individual points on the drawing axis and the way a fractal appears in form of a color map. Due to their dependence on initial conditions sometimes they may look similar and hence a method is needed that can distinguish them. The different types of fractals are mapped in different ways. Some of these ways involve producing an audio wave (known as wav file) that is further converted to MIDI

The impact of Biblical preaching on the growth of the evangelical church in Kenya

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdissertations/1516/thumbnail.jp

Gendered Conflict Resolution: The Role of Women in Amani Mashinani’s Peacebuiding Processes in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

The role of women in peacebuilding is acknowledged by many stakeholders central in peace work. While this is so, there are still concerns about what we know about women’s involvement in peacebuilding structures established by non-state actors. Drawing from Amani Mashinani (Peace at Grassroots) peacebuilding model initiated by the Catholic Church in Kenya’s North Rift region, we examine the role of women in processes of conflict resolution in Uasin Gishu County. Suggestions to support women’s participation will be discussed

Social Accountability in the Health Sector: Toward Conceptual Clarity to Public Social Services Delivery in Chamwino District, Tanzania

The study analyzes the contribution of social accountability to public social service delivery. Its rationale was drawn in the aspect of human endeavor for the realization of human rights and capabilities. Although, accessibility and satisfaction of social services depend on a number of variables, however, citizens’ capability to demand accountability is central. Thus, the study meant to examine the role of social accountability in health sector. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the level of the health service users’ participation on the social accountability in public health service delivery; and explore the factors influencing social accountability to public health service users. The study findings reveals that there is significant relationship between social accountability and public health service delivery, and thus making it crucial determinant of health sector performance at primary health facility levels. The theoretical and practicability values of the study make its results authentic in understanding the existing relationship between social accountability and public social service delivery. This understanding can promote citizens’ participation, accountability and transparency. The study therefore, recommends that social accountability is a vehicle towards improved public service delivery. Keywords: social accountability, public social service, health service, citizens’ participation, capabilitie