Prevalence and distribution of the fabella: a radiographic study in Turkish subjects

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the plain knee radiographs in Turkish subjects in order to determine the prevalence of the fabella and analyse the differences between age, gender, laterality and its symmetry pattern. Materials and methods: Bilateral antero-posterior and lateral knee radiographs of 500 patients (250 male and 250 female subjects, 1000 knee radiographs) were randomly selected from the clinical database and retrospectively evaluated. Data on patient age, gender, and knee laterality (right–left) were evaluated from hospital records. The differences between the sesamoid bones at a particular location and the side, sex and age groups were analysed. Results: The overall prevalence of the fabella (unilateral or bilateral) was 22.8% (114 subjects). The fabella was present unilaterally in 38 (7.6%) subjects, while it was present bilaterally in 76 (15.2%) subjects. The prevalence of the fabella was similar between the body sides. The prevalence of the fabella was also similar between genders (unilateral or bilateral cases) and age groups. Conclusions: We examined the prevalence, symmetry pattern, age and gender differences in Turkish population. It is the first study performed on Turkish population with the largest sample in current literature. Prevalence of fabella is found to be 22.8% which is quite similar with other Caucasian ethnic populations

Formation of novel flower-like silicon phases and evaluation of mechanical properties of hypereutectic melt-spun Al-20Si-5Fe alloys with addition of V

In this work, rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al-20Si-5Fe-. XV (X=0, 0.5 and 1) alloys were fabricated by melt spinning under vacuum. Microstructural and spectroscopic analyses were performed using SEM, TEM, TEM-MAPing, TEM-EDS and XRD measurements. Mechanical properties of the alloys were determined using DSI measurements. Experimental results indicated that addition of 0.5. wt% V to melt-spun Al-20Si-5Fe alloys induced formation of a novel flower-like Si phase. And addition of higher amount V (1. wt%), caused formation of refined Si phases and mostly hindered formation of Fe-bearing intermetallics. Observations along with manuscript strongly indicate that V modifies the Si phases by the impurity induced twinning (IIT). Changes in the dynamic microhardness of the samples were mainly determined by the size of Si phases. Addition of vanadium led to quite lower elastic modulus in the vanadium added alloys compared to base alloy. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit 110M517 National Council for Scientific Research British Association for Psychopharmacology: 2010/111The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for funding the Project (Project number 110M517 ). The authors would like to thank the Gaziosmanpaşa University Department of Scientific Research Projects (BAP) for funding the project (Project number 2010/111 ). The authors wish to record their grateful thanks to Prof. Soon-Jik Hong from Kongju National University (KNU) for TEM and SEM works

Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis of Multicystic Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma

The authors report an unusual presentation of congenital mesoblastic nephroma as a multilocular cystic renal lesion. Prenatal sonography revealed a unilateral, encapsulated, multilocular cytic mass with solid components measuring 5.7 x 5.4 x 4.3 cm in the left renal fossa. There was no increase in vascularity and no signs of hydrops fetalis. On the forth postnatal day left-sided radical nephrectomy was performed and histopathological examination revealed cellular type congenital mesoblastic nephroma. A multicystic appearance is rare as the vast majority of prenatally diagnosed congenital mesoblastic nephroma cases presented in the literature are of the classic type with solid homogenous or heterogenous appearence. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound41:59-61, 201

Effect of Different Production Methods on the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys

In this study, the effects of different production methods like melt spinning, high-energy ball milling, and combined melt spinning and high-energy ball milling on the mechanical and microstructural properties of hypereutectic Al-20Si-5Fe alloys were investigated. While microstructural and spectroscopic analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, mechanical properties were measured using a depth-sensing indentation instrument with a Berkovich tip. Microstructural and spectroscopic analyses demonstrate that high-energy ball milling process applied on the melt-spun Al-20-Si-5Fe alloy for 10 minutes brings about a reduction in the size of silicon particles and intermetallic compounds. However, further increase in milling time does not yield any significant reduction in size. High-energy ball milling for 10 minutes on the starting powders is not enough to form any intermetallic phase. According to the depth-sensing indentation experiments, high-energy milling of melt-spun Al-20Si-5Fe alloys shows an incremental behavior in terms of hardness values. For the Al-20Si-5Fe alloys investigated in this study, the production technique remarkably influences their elastic–plastic response to the indentation process in terms of both magnitude and shape of P-h curves. © 2014, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.110M517The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for funding the project (Project number 110M517)

Structural and mechanical properties of hypereutectic AlSiFe powders and a new method for determination of sintering temperature

In this study, the effect of Si amount on the microstructure, crystal structure and some mechanical properties of Al-(20,25,30 wt%)Si–5Fe powder mixtures produced by high energy ball milling method was investigated by determining the sintering temperature. In the X-ray diffraction analysis, no inter-metallic phases were found except for the Al, Si and Fe phases of the powder mixtures. The X-ray diffraction patterns were analyzed by the Rietveld method to determine amounts of the Al, Si and Fe elements in the powder mixtures. From the scanning electron microscopy analysis, it is seen that as the amount of Si increases, there is a marked decrease in the grain size of powders. In the micro-indentation tests performed at room temperature, the hardness and elastic modulus values of the pelletized powders were found to increase with the amount of Si. It was also found that the Al-20Si-5Fe powder mixture with the lowest Si content had the highest damping capability. The high temperature micro-indentation tests showed that the resulting Al-(20,25,30 wt%) Si-5 Fe powder mixtures started to consolidation at 200 °C and completed the consolidation at 400 °C. This method can be used as an alternative method in the determination of the sintering temperature of materials. © 2017110M517This research was supported by TUBITAK (Project No.: 110M517 )

Effect of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Measurement on Resuscitation Efficiency and Termination of Resuscitation.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, the value of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels measured by capnometry were evaluated as indicators of resuscitation effectiveness and survival in patients presenting to the emergency department with cardiopulmonary arrest. METHODS: ETCO2 was measured after 2 minutes of compression or 150 compressions. ETCO2 values were measured in patients that were intubated and in those who underwent chest compression. The following parameters were recorded for each patient: demographic data, chronic illness, respiration type, pre-hospital CPR, arrest rhythm, arterial blood gas measurements, ETCO2 values with an interval of 5 minutes between the measurement and the estimated time of arrest, time to return to spontaneous circulation. RESULTS: Cardiac arrest developed in 97 cases, including 56 who were out of the hospital and 41 who were in the hospital. Fifty of these patients returned to spontaneous circulation, and just one of these had an initial ETCO2 value below 10 mmHg. The mean of the final ETCO2 levels was 36.4±4.46 among Patients who Return to Spontaneous Circulation (RSCPs) and 11.74±7.01 among those that died. In all rhythms; Asystole, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and VF/VT; Overall, RSCPs had higher ETCO2 levels than the cases who died. Among the PEA patients undergoing in-hospital arrests and those asystolic patients undergoing out of hospital arrest, the ETCO2 values of the RSCPs were significantly higher than those of the cases who died. CONCLUSIONS: ETCO2 levels predicted survival as well as the effectiveness of CPR for patients who received CPR and were monitored by capnometry in the emergency department. As a result, we believe that it would be suitable to use capnometry in all units where the CPR is performed

Improved Mechanical Properties of Al-Si Alloys by Adding an Extrusion Process to Conventional Processing Method

In this study, the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys was improved by selecting higher Si content and avoiding distortion in Al-Si matrix by adding an extrusion process such that the fabrication processes casting and extrusion were in sequence. Cast billets were extruded at ratios 4:1 and 10:1 to obtained two extruded bars with different processing parameters. The as-extruded samples were characterized and investigated for microstructure and mechanical properties. Optical Microscope was used to examined phase morphologies and microstructures of the extruded Al-Si bars. Mechanical properties were conducted on each sample to study the effectiveness of the additional extrusion process in high Si content Al-Si alloys. The result shows that by increasing the extrusion ratio, the size of the primary Si particle reduces leading to a higher density, better tensile and yield strength compared to the cast billet