Effect of diaphragm discontinuity in the seismic response of multi-storeyed building

Many buildings in the present scenario have irregular configurations both in elevation and plan. This in future may subject to devastating earthquakes. It is necessary to identify the performance of the structures to withstand against disaster for both new and existing buildings. Now a days openings in the floors is common for many reasons like stair cases, lighting architectural etc., these openings in diaphragms cause stresses at discontinues joints with building elements. Discontinuous diaphragms are designed without stress calculations and are thought-about to be adequate ignoring any gap effects. In this thesis an attempt is made to try to know the difference between a building with diaphragm discontinuity and a building without diaphragm discontinuity

General complete Lagrange family for the cube in finite element interpolations

In this paper, we have first derived the interpolation polynomials for the General Serendipity elements which allow arbitrarily placed nodes along the edges. We have then presented a method to determine the interpolation functions for the General Complete Lagrange elements which allow arbitrarily placed nodes. Explicit expressions for interpolation functions of the Serendipity and Complete Lagrange family elements which allow uniform spacing of nodes over the element domain are derived for elements of orders 4–10. We have also modified the Shape functions of Complete Lagrange family so that they can correctly interpolate the complete polynomial in the global space for angular distortions

Androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms driving prostate cancer progression: Opportunities for therapeutic targeting from multiple angles.

Despite aggressive treatment for localized cancer, prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for American men due to a subset of patients progressing to lethal and incurable metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Organ-confined PC is treated by surgery or radiation with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while options for locally advanced and disseminated PC include radiation combined with ADT, or systemic treatments including chemotherapy. Progression to CRPC results from failure of ADT, which targets the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis and inhibits AR-driven proliferation and survival pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent PC to CRPC remain incompletely understood. Reactivation of AR has been shown to occur in CRPC despite depletion of circulating androgens by ADT. At the same time, the presence of AR-negative cell populations in CRPC has also been identified. While AR signaling has been proposed as the primary driver of CRPC, AR-independent signaling pathways may represent additional mechanisms underlying CRPC progression. Identification of new therapeutic strategies to target both AR-positive and AR-negative PC cell populations and, thereby, AR-driven as well as non-AR-driven PC cell growth and survival mechanisms would provide a two-pronged approach to eliminate CRPC cells with potential for synthetic lethality. In this review, we provide an overview of AR-dependent and AR-independent molecular mechanisms which drive CRPC, with special emphasis on the role of the Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling pathway in promoting castrate-resistant growth of PC through both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms

Comparison between British Literature and American Literature

The entire study has been engaged itself to make a comparison in between British Literature and American Literature. Both American and English literature has been divided with various periods which have been significantly discussed while analyzing the eminent works and features of each era. The history of English language, British Literature, American literature has been showcased within the entire study. American and British literature both has their own significance in their own sphere of influence. Comparison between both of this literature will be a total disaster but there are still some of the differences. American literature is motivated with ideologies like political infirmity, religions and social conditions. Whereas British literature is full of romantic tales and literature is more motivated to the human as well as moral values. All of the above have been resulted due to the ideologies of both the countries' writers. The British writers are however considered as the classical writers while American writers are the modern writers. The conclusion has given a brief account of this while discussio

ROLES OF INOSITOL DIPHOSPHATES IN DNA REPAIR AND EFFECTS OF ASPIRIN ANALOGUES ON OESOPHAGEAL CANCER

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.Inositol phosphates (IPs) are important signalling molecules with various biological roles in a cell. One such role it is often associated with is DNA repair. The DNA repair process following DNA insult is considered crucial for the genomic integrity and stability. Failure to perform this task will result in mutations and possibly disease. Thus, it is important that we expand our knowledge on how these repair processes occur and identify the key factors involved in its regulation. The aim of this project was to investigate whether DNA repair was mediated by inositol diphosphates (IDPs). Using a family of yeast knockout mutants with modulated levels of IPs, it was found that IDPs are crucial in repair of DNA following insult with bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil. The observed sensitivity of the mutants was thought to be due to lack of functional repair protein, UDG-like or APE-like, in the absence of essential cofactor such as IDPs. Experiments conducted revealed that the hypersensitive kcs1Δ contain both the repair proteins required to process the DNA lesions. However, extreme extraction methods were required to access these proteins, suggesting that the proteins are mislocalised and unavailable to access the damage site and perform DNA repair. GFP-tagging the proteins Ung1, Apn1 and Rad52 in kcs1Δ proved to be of little use as it failed to show exact localisation, movement and functionality status of these proteins following bleomycin insult. The enzymes accountable for the dephosphorylation of the IDPs in vivo are the diphosphoinositol polyphosphate phosphohydrolases (DIPPs). Little is known regarding the Michaelis-Menten kinetics parameters for Ddp1p/DIPPs. In this study, using improved methods for the enzymatic synthesis and electrophoretic purification of 1-InsP7, 5-InsP7 and InsP8, the DIPP family has been kinetically characterised. Each DIPP was found to ii display similar Km values for every substrate tested (range: 35-148 nM). The rank order of Kcat values (1-InsP7 > 5-InsP7 = InsP8) was identical for each enzyme, although DIPP-1 activity was observed to be 10- to 60-fold more than DIPP-2α/β and DIPP-3α/β, irrespective of the substrate. This study reveals that Ddp1, the yeast DIPP, is capable of hydrolysing not only 5-InsP7 but also 1-InsP7 and InsP8 to a single product, InsP6. The HPLC data found InsP7 accumulation to be relatively little during InsP8 breakdown by DIPPs. Such low build-up was found to be due to rapid conversion of InsP7 to InsP6. Through this study it is also clear that InsP8 prefers to dephosphorylate through 1-InsP7. In contrary, metabolically and functionally significant steady-state route of InsP8 synthesis was observed to be via 5-InsP7. Oesophageal cancer is considered as one of the deadliest cancers worldwide because of its aggressive nature and low survival rate. Epidemiologic studies have shown that low-dose daily intake of aspirin can decrease the incidence of oesophageal cancer. The data presented in this study show the effects of a number of in-house synthesized novel aspirin analogues on oesophageal cancer cell lines, squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). The aspirin analogues, fumaryldiaspirin (PN517) and benzoylsalicylates (PN524, PN528 and PN529), were observed to be more potent against the oesophageal cell lines than aspirin itself. Both, quantitative and qualitative apoptosis experiments conducted revealed that these compounds largely induced apoptosis, although some necrosis was evident with PN528 and PN529. Failure to recover following the treatment with these analogues emphasized that these drugs are largely cytotoxic in nature. The SSC cells (oe21) displayed increased sensitivity to the aspirin analogues compared to the ADC cell lines (flo-1 and oe33). The anticancer properties of these novel aspirin compounds appear to not involve the COX-enzymes at the tested concentrations. These initial findings support further studies into the potential of these aspirin analogues as chemotherapeutic agents against oesophageal cancer

Evolutionary trends in Transmit/Receive Module for Active Phased Array Radars

Worldwide, defense technologies are rapidly evolving and are currently aiming at integrating diverse functionalities like Radar, Electronic Warfare, Communications, etc., on a singular miniaturized platform. Hence, it cannot be denied that the advancements in modern Active Phased Array Radar technologies assume a critical role towards the achievement of this goal. A typical Active Phased Array Radar comprises of an Active Antenna Array Unit (AAAU) consisting of a large number of radiating elements, Transmit/Receive (T/R) Modules with other associated RF and digital circuitry and power electronics.  This paper presents mainly the developments in Transmit/Receive (T/R) Module technology, which assimilates various stages of the technological evolution - past, current and futuristic. It discusses how these technologies contribute towards the improvement of efficiency, miniaturization and reliability without compromising its performance parameters

The Competent Service Management and Reliable Trustworthiness in Cloud Environment

Present days, Cloud Computing is having trust area in innovative work regardless of loads of work in the stream. There are number of research issues in this section including trust management, privacy, security, respectability and power mindful server farms. A noteworthy and loads of work is done under every space still there is tremendous extent of research. Trust management is one of the summed up and enter area in which goliath work is going on. According to the reports and corporate whitepapers, trust alludes to as: "For the most part a substance can be said to "trust" a moment element when the main element makes the supposition that the second element will act precisely as the principal element anticipates. Trust is the foundation of certainty that something will or won't happen in an anticipated or guaranteed way. The empowering of certainty is bolstered by recognizable proof, authentication, responsibility, approval, and accessibility." various calculations and methodologies are produced so far which are incorporated in the trust structures including cryptography, nature motivated methodologies and numerous others. In this examination work, the current approach of quality based design for trust management in cloud is received in which number of chromosomes and quality based libraries are incorporated. The point of solidification is accomplished in a circle of down level temperature. In this work, the mimicked tempering based execution is utilized with the incorporated with element security key for improved security trust management

Image Compression and Watermarking scheme using Scalar Quantization

This paper presents a new compression technique and image watermarking algorithm based on Contourlet Transform (CT). For image compression, an energy based quantization is used. Scalar quantization is explored for image watermarking. Double filter bank structure is used in CT. The Laplacian Pyramid (LP) is used to capture the point discontinuities, and then followed by a Directional Filter Bank (DFB) to link point discontinuities. The coefficients of down sampled low pass version of LP decomposed image are re-ordered in a pre-determined manner and prediction algorithm is used to reduce entropy (bits/pixel). In addition, the coefficients of CT are quantized based on the energy in the particular band. The superiority of proposed algorithm to JPEG is observed in terms of reduced blocking artifacts. The results are also compared with wavelet transform (WT). Superiority of CT to WT is observed when the image contains more contours. The watermark image is embedded in the low pass image of contourlet decomposition. The watermark can be extracted with minimum error. In terms of PSNR, the visual quality of the watermarked image is exceptional. The proposed algorithm is robust to many image attacks and suitable for copyright protection applications.Comment: 11 Pages, IJNGN Journal 201

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Tuberculosis Patients with Special Reference to Cd4 Count

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) has been and continues to be one of the most significant infections causing human disease. HIV infection has contributed to a significant increase in the world wide incidence of TB. The dual epidemic of HIV and TB is a concern for India where both these diseases are prevalent in epidemic proportions. In India TB is the indicator disease for HIV infection and most often the first AIDS defining disease. The objectives of the study are to determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB patients and to compare the clinical profile of TB in HIV positive patients with special reference to CD4 counts. Seroprevalence of HIV among TB patients was 6.7%. Among them 32.2% were in the age group of 31-40 years. 62.5% patients had extrapulmonary TB, 32.5% were pulmonary TB. 10%were sputum positive pulmonary TB. Chest xray lesions were varied with more of infiltrative lesions (84.6%). There were 38.46% patients with upper lobe infiltrates and 61.53% patients with middle and lower zone infiltrates. Mean CD4 counts in this study was 192.10±118.42 cells/μl. Most of the patients with extrapulmonary TB and disseminated TB had CD4 counts <200 cells/μl. Sputum positivity and upper zone lesions in chest x ray were seen more in patients with CD4 >200 cells/μl. Mortality was as high as 20% in patients who were both seropositive and TB positive. HIV seroprevalence is quite high among TB patients in Tumkur.. Extrapulmonary TB and disseminated TB were common when CD4 is <200 cells/μl and chest x ray findings were atypical when CD4 <200 cells/μl