The Origins of the Second Gulf War

leading up to the Second Gulf War. Using declassified and historical documents, this paper examines the influential role of those neo-conservatives and war lobbyists who strongly influenced George W. Bush in the planning, strategizing, and later launching of “Operation Iraqi Freedom.” The paper highlights the author’s perspective on the Second Persian Gulf War. It is based on the research conducted through analysis and discussion of existing political documents and various standpoint theories of some historians. The objective is to create a vivid picture of the US Government Plans towards Iraq and the involvementof war lobbyists and major decision-makers in this process during the Presidency of George W. Bush. The sole aim of the article is to describe and analyze US Foreign policy in connection with Iraq before the Second Gulf War, as the topic has not been explored in depth yet and is still open for discussion due to present day situation in Iraq

Соціально-психологічні фактори корупції

У статті розглянуто різні наукові погляди на види соціально-психологічних факторів виникнення корупційної злочинності та корупції загалом. Зазначено, що схильність до вчинення корупційних діянь визначається сукупністю соціальних установок особистості. Виникнення конкретних форм корупції тісно пов’язане із середовищем, що створює сприятливий ґрунт та умови для корупції. У процесі виникнення і розвитку всієї злочинної поведінки, в тому числі і корупційної, беруть участь такі складні психічні процеси, як усвідомлення, внутрішня мотивація, соціалізація, судження і прийняття рішень. Авторка наголошує, що корупційну поведінку можна розглядати як комплекс перекручених соціальних відносин. Корупція виникає, коли правові норми, системи регулювання і контролю та неформальні соціальні правила сприяють корупційній поведінці або нехтують нею. Серед психологічних факторів корупційної поведінки виокремлюються такі, як розподіл обов’язків, провина, страх покарання, розчарування і бажання домогтися успіху, а також настанови та цінності. Клімат корупції формується і самими громадянами, а саме їхнім зневажливим ставленням до проявів корупції. У підсумку зазначено, що корупційна поведінка обумовлюється впливом на психіку соціуму - як мікро- так і макросередовища, умовами соціалізації особистості - засвоєнням соціальних норм у процесі навчання, виховання та індивідуально-психологічними властивостями. Щоб краще зрозуміти соціальну психологію корупції, необхідні дослідження про вплив групової динаміка і взаємодії, соціальної ідентичності, довіри, культури та інших факторів на індивідуальну схильність до корупційних дій. Також необхідно досліджувати політичні еліти, щоб зрозуміти, як вони сприймають витрати та вигоди корупційних дій, як і чому раціоналізують таку поведінку. Одним із завдань, що стоять перед науковцями, має бути визначення причин та умов, які сприяють формуванню в суспільстві лояльного ставлення до корупції. Це, своєю чергою, дасть змогу створити передумови для формування стійкої громадської думки з негативним ставленням до корупції (корупційної стійкості), а також сформувати ефективні механізми сталого зв’язку між органами державної влади та суспільством.

STUDY OF THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF SOME PLANTS GROWING IN GEORGIA

Sums of neutral and polar lipids were extracted from the fruits of Vitis vinifera and pericarpium of Physalis alkekengi L.; their main classes and physical-chemical constants of some neutral lipids were determined. The saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phospholipids- lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinosite, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine were identified in them. The content of carotenoids is up 2,5 mg% and 65,5mg% in Vitis vinifera and Physalis alkekengi L. respectively. Amino acids were detected in studied species. The oils from both plants are characterized with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, choleretic and immunotropic activities, they can be used in medicine for curative and preventive purposes.Sums of neutral and polar lipids were extracted from the fruits of Vitis vinifera and pericarpium of Physalis alkekengi L.; their main classes and physical-chemical constants of some neutral lipids were determined. The saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phospholipids- lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinosite, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine were identified in them. The content of carotenoids is up 2,5 mg% and 65,5mg% in Vitis vinifera and Physalis alkekengi L. respectively. Amino acids were detected in studied species. The oils from both plants are characterized with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, choleretic and immunotropic activities, they can be used in medicine for curative and preventive purposes

Russian intervention in the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict: A history of tensions and turmoil

AbstractThe Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, which began in the early 1990s, has been marked by the tensions and violence between the government of Georgia and the breakaway region of Abkhazia. This paper takes Georgian-Abkhazian relationships as a case study to probe the devastating political, economic, and military involvement of Russia, which has had a hand in inciting these conflicts by supporting the Abkhazian separatists, making false claims about the attitude of the central government of Georgia towards the Abkhazian language and ethnicity. The presented article provides a historical analysis of several debatable questions related to the so-called historical independence of Abkhazia, the influence of the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and the role of the Russian Federation in the relations of the two ethnicities, and the most paramount point—how Russia manipulated Abkhaz actors and fueled the ignition of the conflict

Future Catastrophes. Risks of Space Flights. Anabiosis - Retarding of Vital Processes

ნაშრომში განხილულია სამყაროს მომავალი კატასტროფები. კოსმოსის გავლენა კოსმონავტების ჯანმრთელობაზე და ანაბიოზის როლი ადამიანთა სიცოცხლის გადარჩენაშიWork examines future catastrophes in that moved. Influence of space on the health of cosmonauts and the role of anabiosis in the rescuing of the life of people

Study Of The Lipid Composition Of Some Plants Growing In Georgia

Sums of neutral and polar lipids were extracted from the fruits of Vitis vinifera and pericarpium of Physalis alkekengi L.; their main classes and physical-chemical constants of some neutral lipids were determined. The saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The phospholipids- lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinosite, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine were identified in them. The content of carotenoids is up 2,5 mg% and 65,5mg% in Vitis vinifera and Physalis alkekengi L. respectively. Amino acids were detected in studied species. The oils from both plants are characterized with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, choleretic and immunotropic activities, they can be used in medicine for curative and preventive purposes

Some of the Issues of Evolution of Biot and the Hypothesis of the Expanssion of the Earth

ო.ჰილგენბერგის მიერ 1933 წ. [1] გამოთქმული მოსაზრება გაფართოებადი დედამიწის შესახებ წარმოადგენს ყველაზე პრესპექტიულ თეორიას,რომელიც წარმატებით ხსნის არამარტო დედამიწის ზედაპირის ევოლუციის საერთო სურათს, არამედ დედამიწაზე დასახლებული ბიოტის, მათ შორის მცენარეული სამყაროს, ევოლუციის მრავალ მნიშვნელოვან მოვლენას

Technogenic Fiber Wastes for Optimizing Concrete

A promising method of obtaining mineral fiber fillers for dry building mixtures is the processing of waste that comes from the production of technogenic fibrous materials (TFM). The novelty of the work lies in the fact that, for the first time, basalt production wastes were studied not only as reinforcing components, but also as binder ones involved in concrete structure formation. The purpose of the article is to study the physical and mechanical properties of waste technogenic fibrous materials as additives for optimizing the composition of raw concrete mixes. To assess the possibility of using wastes from the complex processing of TFM that were ground for 5 and 10 min as an active mineral additive to concrete, their chemical, mineralogical, and granulometric compositions, as well as the microstructure and physical and mechanical characteristics of the created concretes, were studied. It is established that the grinding of TFM for 10 min leads to the grinding of not only fibers, but also pellets, the fragments of which are noticeable in the total mass of the substance. The presence of quartz in the amorphous phase of TFM makes it possible to synthesize low-basic calcium silicate hydrates in a targeted manner. At 90 days age, at 10–20% of the content of TFM, the strength indicators increase (above 40 MPa), and at 30% of the additive content, they approach the values of the control composition without additives (above 35 MPa). For all ages, the ratio of flexural and compressive strengths is at the level of 0.2, which characterizes a high reinforcing effect. Analysis of the results suggests the possibility of using waste milled for 10 min as an active mineral additive, as well as to give better formability to the mixture and its micro-reinforcement to obtain fiber-reinforced concrete