Deception and euphemisms as a linguistic strategy in the context of (political) discourse

The paper discusses lying as an ordinal function of language in the context of political discourse. To begin with, the phenomenon of lying is regarded as an ordinary linguistic behavior with a spe- cific function for the speaking individual. Based on a variety of empirical data, the aforementioned function is thought to be a certain evolutionary strategy that provides concrete advantages (to in- dividuals)

Russia-Ukraine War: US Policy and Its Implications on Global World Order

The Russia–Ukraine war and its future consequences is unclear, but how the process develops will clearly affect Russia’s future course, and how the war ends will have its fundamental implications for global order. Since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the United States has taken the lead in providing Ukraine with substantial military equipment and training, economic aid as well as diplomatic support. The paper focuses on the US strategic interests in Russia-Ukraine War, its role and implications on the world order. It analyses the regional affects and the US interests as a demo- cratic state in the global order. Finally, the paper focuses on US sanctions against Russia, underlines its influence over the regional security and democracy, and concentrates on the aids as well as funds provided by US to Ukraine

Struggle for Environmental Justice: Comparing Sakdrisi-Kachaghiani Historica Site and Dakota Pipeline Project

The article discusses and analyses the challenges faced by the autochthonous populations like Geor- gians and Native Americans in the fight for their natural resources. The article provides a com- parative analysis on how Georgian and Native American nations had to struggle to protect their environment.In 2004, an important archaeological discovery was made by the German and Georgian scientists on the Sakdrisi-Kachaghiani hill, located at the territory of the Bolnisi Municipality, Georgia. Later, the Georgian and foreign media outlets started discussing the world-wide scale and uniqueness of the pre-historic mine.In 2013, the status of the Sakdrisi-Kachaghiani, as a cultural monument was deprived and the min- ing company “RMG Gold” got a permission to extract gold in the wider area where Sakdrisi was located, which caused protests from academics and preservationists.Similar challenge was faced by Native Americans (in the U.S.) in 2016 (the problem lasted till 2020), when protests started around the Dakota Access Pipeline in North Dakota (U.S.). The pipeline was supposed to run from the Bakken oil fields in western North Dakota to southern Illinois, crossing beneath the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, as well as under part of Lake Oahe near the Standing Rock Indian Reservation

2022 Russian-Ukrainian War and the Future of EU Energy and Transport Security: Analyzing the Implications of Diversifification the Transport and Energy Transit Routes – the Case of the Black Sea/Caspian Region

Given recent events, such as the full invasion of Ukraine’s sovereign territories by the Russian army in 2022, this article critically analyzes how the use of the Caucasus-Caspian region could serve Brus- sels as an alternative means of diversifying energy sources to ensure its energy security. The study is comprehensive and covers various forms of energy projects. Particular attention is paid to exploring the various phases regarding Shah Deniz and potential expansion plans. In addition, it carefully ex- amines all other important factors associated with the production, transportation, and exploration of energy resources in the Caspian reserves.In addition, a key task is to classify and compare the EU’s geopolitical priorities before and after the 2022 war, present an analysis of the complex paths of transformation of the EU’s energy supply, and clarify its new policies regarding the relations between the main regional players: the Russian Federation, the EU, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.It has been established that the Black Sea-Caspian steppe contains valuable energy reserves. Due to the critical geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic importance of the region, the EU has an interest in the region. The study provides a comparative overview of different aspects of EU ener- gy diversification policies. It examines how these policies have influenced the approach of foreign states to the Caucasus-Caspian region, taking into account recent events. Moreover, it considers national goals and takes into account the important interests of leading powers

China: as an Emerging Superpower

The research paper aims to answer the main research question whether China can really become the next superpower towards the middle of 21st century through its economic performance, energy policy, population, nuclear capacity and ideology. The hypothesis of the research paper is that in 21st century international system will become a bipolar with hegemony of the United States and China.With regard to the research methods, the following methods have been used: Case Study and Con- tent Analysis. Case Studies are perhabs the most widely used research approach in international relations (IR).In addition, to assert the main research question the Content Analysis is used. That method involves analyzing large amounts of text-based data. During research it was exercised books, analytical arti- cles, and different research papers of international research institutes: like Carnegie Center, Center Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), Belfer Center of International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School etc.Other method is the statistical method, related to the presenting the concrete statistics, for instance, concerning GDP of China, statistics of foreign trade, energy import etc. Theoretical context in this research is theory of international relations Realism. Particularly Hans Morgenthau’s Realist Theory (6 principle) second principle – National Interest defined in terms of National Power. According to this principle nations always define and act for securing their national interests by means of power. History tells us that nations have always acted on the basis of power

(Concept of) Rectification of Names and Putin’s War-time Euphemisms

In the given paper, the notion of rectification of language in the Chinese philosophical tradition is discussed, which will be linked to the concept of political discourse in general, and specifically to the use of euphemisms in the language of politics. In addition, we will attempt to apply practical examples from the current Russian political discourse to the discussed concepts.Key words: rectification, euphemism, Confucius, Putin, discourse, wa

Impact Of Herders And Crop Farmers Conflicts On Rural Livelihoods In selected Rural Communities In Ogun State, Nigeria

This study examined impact of herders and crop farmers conflicts on rural livelihoods in selected communities in Ogun state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted and purposive sampling method was used to select two hundred and eighty seven respondents for the study. An adapted instrument “ Herders-Crop Farmers Conflicts and Rural Livelihoods Scale (HCFCRLS)’’ with Cronbach Alpha internal consistency of 0.73 was administered. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools and correlation matrix at 0.05 level of significance. Correlation analysis showed that there were negative significant relationship between herders and crop farmers conflicts and productive assets (r= -0.703), productive activities (r= -0.831), income (r= -0.795), social assets (r= -0.804) and capability (r= -0.616) respectively. It also showed that there was a negative significant relationship between herders and crop farmers conflicts and livelihoods (r=-.8635) in the study area. Therefore, the two null hypotheses were rejected at 0.05 level of significance. It was concluded that herders and crop farmers conflicts have caused significant negative impact on the livelihoods of victims. It is recommended that government should regulate herders and crop farmers activities, improve access to ownership of land resources for any agricultural productive activitie

International Tourism and its Impact on World Politics and World Economy

International tourism is one of the most dynamically developing forms of international trade. In the economy of a particular country, it performs a number of important functions: it is a source of foreign exchange earnings and a means of providing employment for the population; contributes to the balance of payments; contributes to the diversification of the economy, providing stimulating effects on industries serving the tourism sector; increases the attractiveness of the country as a sphere of international entrepreneurship and business cooperation; creates incentives for the inflow of foreign capital into the national economy. The main feature of international tourism is the crossing of state borders. The greater the differences between states, the greater the obstacles to the free movement of people. The simplification (tightening) of formalities has an impact on international tourist flows, providing (or, conversely, hindering) the movement of people. The complex and confusing procedure for issuing travel documents, violation of the deadlines for their consideration or arbitrary deviation, the introduction of severe restrictions on imports and currency exchanges, which determine the level of consumption of goods and services by tourists, do not contribute to the development of international tourism. From this point of view, customs declarations and inspections act as a deterrent and lead to a reduction in tourist trips. Another feature of international tourism is economic in nature and is revealed through the impact it has on the country's balance of payments. Foreign tourists, paying for goods and services, ensure the flow of currency into the budget of the host country, thereby activating its balance of payments, which is why the reception of foreign tourists is called active tourism. On the other hand, the departure of tourists abroad is associated with an outflow of currency from their country of permanent residence. International payments for tourism operations of this kind are reflected in the liability of the balance of payments of the country supplying tourists, and tourism itself is characterized as passive. The division into active and passive, based on the characteristics of the reflection of the financial results of tourism activities in the balance of payments, is inherent only in international tourism and does not apply to domestic tourism.Keywords: Tourism, World Tourism Organization, Recreation, Visitor, Statistics, World Politics, World Econom

New Archaeological Discoveries in Eastern Colchis

In 1875, the correspondence of the great Georgian writer and public figure Akaki Tsereteli's brother, Davit Tsereteli, was printed in “Droeba” under the pseudonym "Skhvitoreli", in which he informed the readers that during the excavation of the foundation of the house on the southern slope of the Todadze Fortress, a certain Zabakhidze found a tomb in which gold items were found and they he sold to local Armenians and Jews. Davit Tsereteli also names musical instruments, which were found in the same tomb and notes that they were very similar to " military orchestra plates". Exactly two such pairs of bronze plates were discoviered at Modinakhe in the 1970s during the archaeological excavations led by J. Nadiradze. It was these accidental discoveries that became the prerequisite for conducting archaeological excavations in these places in 2022.Keywords: Colchis. Archaeology. Imereti. Todadze Fortres

Linking defence policy and strategy to the defence budget: the case of Georgia

Defence budgets should be prepared in compliance with the guidance provided by the national security and defence policy and strategy documents. The aim of this article is to review Georgia‘s current defence policy, strategy, and planning hierarchy and suggest ways to streamline it, increase its effectiveness, and ensure a clearer link between defence policy, strategy and the defence budget. As a result of the study, it was proposed to carefully reconsider the existence of the Strategic Defence Review (SDR) document in its current form (as an agency level document of the Ministry of Defence of Georgia), especially when there is a National Defence Strategy (NDS) document in the defence policy, strategy, and planning documents hierarchy. An updated hierarchy of Georgia‘s defence policy, strategy, and planning documents was proposed to provide a clearer link between defence policy and strategy and the defence budget. It does not matter much the presence of a large number of various specially (sometimes colourfully) entitled national security and defence policy and strategy documents. Rather, it is important to have a logical, simple, and understandable hierarchy of docu-ments that define, outline, and agree on national priorities and the expected role of defence and the military