Denudation and geomorphic change in the Anthropocene; a global overview

The effects of human activity on geomorphic processes, particularly those related to denudation/sedimentation, are investigated by reviewing case studies and global assessments covering the past few centuries. Evidence we have assembled from different parts of the world, as well as from the literature, show that certain geomorphic processes are experiencing an acceleration, especially since the mid-twentieth century. This suggests that a global geomorphic change is taking place, largely caused by anthropogenic landscape changes

Can empathy lead to emotional exhaustion in teachers? The mediating role of emotional labor

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the links between empathy, emotional labor (both surface and deep acting), and emotional exhaustion as well as determine if emotional labor mediates the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers. It was assumed that emotional labor can take two opposite directions (positive mood induction and negative mood induction). Thus, the additional aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of mood regulation strategies in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 168 teachers from Łódź and its surroundings completed a set of questionnaires: Emotional Labor Scale; Mood Regulation Scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Empathic Sensitivity Scale. Results: The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses indicating that both types of emotional labor, negative mood induction and emotional exhaustion were positively intercorrelated. Moreover, deep acting was a significant mediator in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. The analyzed link was also mediated by negative mood induction, whereas positive mood induction did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: The study provided insight into the role of empathy and emotional labor in the development of teacher burnout. It also confirmed that deep acting and negative mood induction mediate the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers

Landscape discriminants of the old Polish homeland in the selected areas in south america as an example of the cultural heritage of emigrants

Ameryka Łacińska stała się celem masowej emigracji transatlantyckiej z Europy na przełomie XIX i XX w. Po przyjeździe na kontynent, przede wszystkim do Brazylii, Argentyny, Urugwaju, Paragwaju, imigranci, głównie z obszarów wiejskich Galicji, znaleźli się w odmiennym środowisku przyrodniczym, gospodarczo-społecznym, kulturowym i politycznym, co pogłębiało tęsknotę za krajem, krajobrazem swojej wsi i najbliższej okolicy. Asymilując się do nowych uwarunkowań czerpali wzorce z kraju ojczystego, podejmowali próby „oswojenia” najbliższej okolicy i starali się implementować rozwiązania znane ze starej ojczyzny. Przejawy takiej działalności uwidaczniają się silnie w krajobrazie, w którym zidentyfikowano wyróżniki o charakterze przyrodniczym i kulturowym oraz materialnym i niematerialnym. Kolejne pokolenia podtrzymywały tradycje przodków, nie tylko jako przejaw tęsknoty za krajobrazem z Europy, ale również w celu zademonstrowania pochodzenia i podkreślenia odmienności od pozostałych osadników.Latin America became the destination of massive transatlantic emigration at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. After reaching the continent, mostly Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, the emigrants – originated from the rural areas of Galicia, found themselves in a different natural, as well as economic, social, political and cultural environment, which increased their nostalgia for the homeland and the landscape of the familiar countryside. While assimilating to the new conditions, they applied patterns familiar from the country of their origin, thus trying to "domesticate" the neighbourhood, attempted to implement solutions known from their previous homeland. Examples of their activities are clearly visible in the landscape, in which certain discriminants were identified, both showing natural and cultural, material and intangible characteristics. The following generations maintained the tradition of their ancestors not only as the manifestation of their nostalgia for the European landscape, but also to demonstrate their origin and underline their distinctiveness from other settlers